Effect of masonry infills on seismic performance of a 3‐storey R/C frame with non‐seismic detailing     

Han‐Seon Lee  Sung‐Woo Woo 《地震工程与结构动力学》2002,31(2):353-378

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of masonry infills on the seismic performance of low‐rise reinforced concrete (RC) frames with non‐seismic detailing. For this purpose, a 2‐bay 3‐storey masonry‐infilled RC frame was selected and a 1 : 5 scale model was constructed according to the Korean practice of non‐seismic detailing and the similitude law. Then, a series of earthquake simulation tests and a pushover test were performed on this model. When the results of these tests are compared with those in the case of the bare frame, it can be recognized that the masonry infills contribute to the large increase in the stiffness and strength of the global structure whereas they also accompany the increase of earthquake inertia forces. The failure mode of the masonry‐infilled frame was that of shear failure due to the bed‐joint sliding of the masonry infills while that of the bare frame appeared to be the soft‐storey plastic mechanism at the first storey. However, it is judged that the masonry infills can be beneficial to the seismic performance of the structure since the amount of the increase in strength appears to be greater than that in the induced earthquake inertia forces while the deformation capacity of the global structure remains almost the same regardless of the presence of the masonry infills. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

由含断层岩石非均匀性产生的地震前兆的数值模拟研究     

焦明若  侯万凯  唐春安 《东北地震研究》2004,20(1):73-80

使用新开发岩石破裂过程分析软件(RFPA2D)，通过一系列模型实验，研究岩石中预制断层面几何特征和力学非均匀性对地震前兆产生的影响。模型使用5个具有不同均质度的岩石样本进行数值模拟研究。数值模拟结果表明，不同均质度岩石破坏在地壳中会产生不同的地震前兆现象。在一些区域，可以观测到明显的前兆，而在另一些地区却很难观测到明显的前兆现象。模拟结果与实验观测和自然界实际观测结果由很好的一致性。  相似文献   

Dealing with Uncertainty in Flood Risk Assessment of Dike Rings in the Netherlands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Herman Van Der Most  Mark Wehrung 《Natural Hazards》2005,36(1-2):191-206

Current flood protection policies in the Netherlands are based on design water levels. This concept does not allow for a proper evaluation of costs and benefits of flood protection. Hence, research is being carried out on the introduction of a flood risk approach, which looks into both the probability of flooding and the consequences of flooding. This research is being carried out within the framework of a major project called the Floris project (FLOod RISk in the Netherlands). To assess the probability of flooding the Floris project distinguishes different failure modes for dikes and structures within the dike ring. Based on a probabilistic analysis of both loads and resistance the probability of failure is determined for each failure mode. Subsequently the probabilities of failure for different failure modes and dike sections are integrated into an estimate of the probability of flooding of the dike ring as a whole. In addition the Floris project looks into the different consequences of flooding, specifically the economic damages and the number of casualties to be expected in case of flooding of a particular dike ring. The paper describes the approach in the Floris project to assess the flood risk of dike rings in the Netherlands. One of the characteristics of the Floris project is the explicit attention to different types of uncertainties in assessing the probability of flooding. The paper discusses the different starting-points adopted and presents an outline on how the Floris project will deal with uncertainties in the analysis of weak spots in a dike ring as well as in the cost benefit analysis of flood alleviation measures.  相似文献   

破碎花岗岩边坡加固与防护技术研究     

杨雪莲  李永江何斌 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(B12):62-65

完整新鲜的花岗岩具有良好的的工程地质性质。但是受水、空气、温度等自然营力的侵蚀、剥蚀、风化作用，花岗岩体物理力学性质指标降低较多。使之成为工程建筑困难最大的岩石之一。论文以国道318线二郎山至康定公路改建工程中花岗岩边坡防护为例，分析了沿线花岗岩边坡主要地质特征。并根据岩体风化破碎情况、地质构造、卸荷作用以及表面覆盖层情况等因素，将边坡进行分类。通过分析各种类型边坡破坏的机理及模式，提出有效的加固防护方法。为处治已产生病害的花岗岩边坡提供科学、有效、经济、合理的加固防护技术。也为今后设计和施工中预防其病害提供经验和资料。  相似文献   

锦屏I级水电站坝址区雾化边坡稳定性分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周雄华  沈军辉  王兰生  王小群 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(1):65-69

详细介绍了锦屏水电站坝址区岸坡的地质结构特征和变形破坏模式,以雾化雨诱发边坡失稳的机理为基础,结合泄洪雾化区的雾化量级、范围,采用定性和定量方法重点分析了位于雾化区范围内边坡的稳定性状况,按岸坡稳定程度将雾化区分为6个区,提出了雾化区边坡可能的失稳模式.结果表明,两大规模变形破裂体所在的D、E区边坡在水库泄洪雾化的条件下稳定性较差且对工程施工的危害大.针对各区雨雾边坡的失稳模式和稳定性状况提出了相应的工程处理措施,为工程设计和施工提供了科学依据.  相似文献   

Modeling uncertainty in stability analysis for design of embankment dams on difficult foundations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Azm S. Al-Homoud  Najat Tanash 《Engineering Geology》2004,71(3-4):323-342

A probabilistic 3-D slope stability analysis model (PTDSSAM) is developed to evaluate the stability of embankment dams and their foundations under conditions of staged construction taking into consideration uncertainty, spatial variabilities and correlations of shear strength parameters, as well as the uncertainties in pore water pressure. The model has the following capabilities: (1) conducting undrained shear strength analysis (USA) and effective stress analysis (ESA) slope stability analysis of staged construction, (2) incorporation of field monitored data of pore water pressure, and (3) incorporation of increase of undrained shear strength with depth, effective stress, and pore water pressure dissipation. The PTDSSAM model is incorporated in a computer program that can analyze slopes located in multilayered deposits, considering the total slope width.

The main outputs of the program are the geometric parameters of the most critical sliding surface (i.e., center of rotation/radius of rotation and critical width of failure), mean 2-D safety factor, mean 3-D safety factor, squared coefficient of variation of resisting moment, and the probability of slope failure. The program is applied to a case study, Karameh dam in Jordan. Monitored data of induced pore water pressure in the dam embankment and soft foundation were gathered during dam construction.

The stability of Karameh dam embankment and foundation was evaluated during staged construction using deterministic and probabilistic analysis. Foundation stability was evaluated based on the monitored data of pore water pressure.

The study showed that the mean values of the corrective factors which account for the discrepancies between the in situ and laboratory-measured values of soil properties and for the modeling errors have significant influence on the 2-D safety factor, 3-D safety factor, slope probability of failure, and on the expected failure width.

The degree of spatial correlation associated with shear strength parameters within a soil deposit also influences the probability of slope failure and the expected failure width. This correlation is quantified by scale of fluctuation. It is found that a larger scale of fluctuation gives an increase in the probability of slope failure and a reduction in the critical failure width.  相似文献   

Defining the moment of erosion: the principle of thermal consonance timing     

D. M. Lawler 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2005,30(13):1597-1615

Geomorphological process research demands quantitative information on erosion and deposition event timing and magnitude, in relation to fluctuations in the suspected driving forces. This paper establishes a new measurement principle – thermal consonance timing (TCT) – which delivers clearer, more continuous and quantitative information on erosion and deposition event magnitude, timing and frequency, to assist understanding of the controlling mechanisms. TCT is based on monitoring the switch from characteristically strong temperature gradients in sediment, to weaker gradients in air or water, which reveals the moment of erosion. The paper (1) derives the TCT principle from soil micrometeorological theory; (2) illustrates initial concept operationalization for field and laboratory use; (3) presents experimental data for simple soil erosion simulations; and (4) discusses initial application of TCT and perifluvial micrometeorology principles in the delivery of timing solutions for two bank erosion events on the River Wharfe, UK, in relation to the hydrograph. River bank thermal regimes respond, as soil temperature and energy balance theory predicts, with strong horizontal thermal gradients (often >1 K cm^?1 over 6·8 cm). TCT fixed the timing of two erosion events, the first during inundation, the second 19 h after the discharge peak and 13 h after re‐emergence from the flow. This provides rare confirmation of delayed bank retreat, quantifies the time‐lag involved, and suggests mass failure processes rather than fluid entrainment. Erosion events can be virtually instantaneous, implying ‘catastrophic retreat’ rather than ‘progressive entrainment’. Considerable potential exists to employ TCT approaches for: validating process models in several geomorphological contexts; assisting process identification and improving discrimination of competing hypotheses of process dominance through high‐resolution, simultaneous analysis of erosion and deposition events and driving forces; defining shifting erodibility and erosion thresholds; refining dynamic linkages in event‐based sediment budget investigations; and deriving closer approximations to ‘true’ erosion and deposition rates, especially in self‐concealing scour‐and‐fill systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于正态分布的岩石损伤统计本构模型及其参数确定方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹文贵  李鹏  赵明华  刘成学 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(3):11-14

根据岩石微元强度服从正态分布的特点,引进能合理描述岩石微元强度的参量,基于岩石三轴应力应变试验曲线建立了反映岩石破裂全过程的统计损伤本构模型。在此基础上,重点探讨了正态分布参数对岩石损伤本构模型的影响,据此对岩石统计损伤模型进行了合理修正,从而建立了反映岩石破裂全过程的三维统计损伤本构模型,与试验结果及现有研究结果进行比较显示了该模型的合理性,具有广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

考虑模糊可靠度的抗震结构优化设计     

顾平  王光远 《地震工程与工程振动》1997,17(3):9-14

在结构优化的目标函数中，不仅应考虑结构造价，而且应考虑结构服役期的损失期望。为此，我们定义了抗震结构模糊可靠度的概念。利用抗震设计原则和地震危险性分析给出了一个计算模糊可靠度的方法。然后提出了三步优化法；第一步，寻求一系列对应于不同设防烈度的最小造价设计；第二步，同时考虑造价和地震引起的损失期望，寻求最优设防烈度；第三步，寻找相应于此最优烈度的最小造价设计。  相似文献   

冻结粉土的动强度特性及其破坏准则   总被引：8，自引：7，他引：8  

沈忠言  张家懿 《冰川冻土》1997,19(2):141-148

在恒应变速率增长的等应变幅动力模式下，冻结粉动哟度最初随静有效正应力增大而增加；在后者为７－８ＭＰａ时，动强度达到峰值；以后随着静有效正应力继续增大，动强度趋于减小。不同应变速率下的动强度包络线呈现相似形式，服从抛物线破坏准则，研究中引进当量动内摩擦角ψｃ的和当量动内摩擦系数为ｔｇψｃ概念，从而使抛物线破坏准则方程与线性破坏方程在形式趋于一致。当量动内摩擦角ψｃ是一个动态变量，除取决于静有效正应力  相似文献