基于广义高斯分布的地震盲反褶积方法研究     

李海山  吴国忱  印兴耀 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(3):936-944

Bussgang算法是针对褶积盲源分离问题提出的,本文将其用于地震盲反褶积处理.由于广义高斯概率密度函数具有逼近任意概率密度函数的能力,从反射系数序列的统计特征出发,引入广义高斯分布来体现反射系数序列超高斯分布特征.依据反射系数序列的统计特征和Bussgang算法原理,建立以Kullback-Leibler距离为非高斯性度量的目标函数,并导出算法中涉及到的无记忆非线性函数,最终实现了地震盲反褶积.模型试算和实际资料处理结果表明,该方法能较好地适应非最小相位系统,能够同时实现地震子波和反射系数估计,有效地提高地震资料分辨率.  相似文献   

基于改进的小子域滤波的重力异常及重力梯度张量边缘增强(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋甫玉  高丽坤 《应用地球物理》2012,9(2):119-130,233

针对利用重磁资料增强地质体边界在图像中的视觉效果和提高地质解译的准确性问题,提出应用改进的小子域滤波方法对重力异常及重力梯度张量数据进行增强处理。根据滑动窗口子域平均选择原理,探讨了改进的小子域滤波方法在位场异常数据含有高斯白噪声时,不同窗口大小对地质体边界的识别效果及其在具有不同边界延伸方向地质体中的应用效果。模型试验结果表明,利用改进的小子域滤波对重力梯度张量数据进行增强处理,得到的地质体边界形态失真更小,且受滤波窗口大小、噪声以及地质体边界方向的影响较小;对深部场源体,通过增大滤波窗口的方式,可以较好地反映深部场源体的边界。结合黑龙江省虎林盆地重力异常以及计算的重力梯度张量的处理实例表明改进的小子域滤波法较传统的小子域滤波法增强了对断裂水平位置信息的识别。  相似文献   

中国区域经济增长差异研究进展与展望   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李广东  方创琳 《地理科学进展》2013,32(7):1102-1112

缩小区域经济增长差异是中国区域经济发展的核心问题。本文从地理学和经济学的视角, 综合运用文献资料法、对比分析法, 评述了区域经济增长差异研究的进展, 分析了存在的主要问题, 并展望了下一步的研究重点与方向。结果表明:近年来国外研究在多学科融合框架下更为关注地理的作用, 从而导致空间计量分析和空间统计分析成为热点方法, 地理信息技术逐步受到重视, 研究尺度逐步降低并向实用化发展。国内研究多是国外经验在中国的验证, 本土化创新不足;研究尺度以省域层面为主, 城市和县域研究明显缺乏;空间效应逐步受到关注, 对区域差异的基本问题仍存在较大争议。未来研究应在数据选取上更为细化和全面, 尝试追踪和监测区域经济差异的动态变化格局, 构建经济增长差异定量测度方法体系和技术平台, 加强区域间的关联以及经济溢出、空间溢出效应测度研究, 关注差异机制和机理解析。  相似文献   

位场归一化差分法的边界检测技术     

王彦国  张凤旭  王祝文  孟令顺  张瑾 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(2):592-602

针对常规位场数据处理存在场源边界定位精度低和识别能力差的问题,提出了识别边界位置的归一化差分法。根据x、y、z 3个方向的差分算子与构造边界位置位场异常特征间的关系,给出了突出异常梯级带的n阶归一化差分表达式。单体模型试验表明：z方向和经90°相移的x、y方向的一阶差分可以对模型体边界位置的异常梯级带进行紧缩;一阶归一化差分的异常等值线较为集中地分布在模型体边界位置,说明对边界有一定的识别能力,但精度稍低。为此,采用二阶差分进行进一步试算。结果表明:3个方向的二阶差分在一阶差分的基础上进一步增强了对边界的识别能力,而且二阶归一化差分的异常梯度带与模型边界位置具有良好的一致性。含噪声组合模型重力异常对比分析表明：与常规边界识别方法相比,差分半径较小的二阶归一化差分对地质体的边界识别能力强、定位精度高;差分半径较大的二阶归一化差分在一定程度上可以解决噪声干扰的问题,且等值线梯级带可以相对地突出大型地质体的边界。在实例应用中,归一化差分法检测出了黑龙江虎林盆地28条断裂,其中13条断裂通过盆地已有单元构造格局和DB1线电阻率剖面得到了证实。  相似文献   

Impacts of transportation arteries on land use patterns in urban-rural fringe: A comparative gradient analysis of Qixia District, Nanjing City, China     

ZHANG Runsen  PU Lijie  ZHU Ming 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(3):378-388

Integrated transportation and land use studies are of major interest to planners because they consider the interaction between transportation development and land use change. Quantifying the impact of transport infrastructure on land use change is necessary for evaluating the role of transportation development in the process of land use and land cover change in the urban-rural fringe. Taking Qixia District of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China as a typical urban-rural fringe area, this paper analyzes the patterns and characteristics of land use change along three major transportation arteries using land use data from 2000 and 2008. We examine the spatial differentiation and gradient of land use pattern around railway, expressway, and highway corridors to investigate whether land use change in the urban-rural fringe is related to distance from transportation arteries and to clarify the varying impacts of different forms of transport infrastructure on land use patterns. We find that construction land generally tends to be located close to major transportation arteries, and that railways have the most obvious influence on land use change in the urban-rural fringe, while the impact of expressways was not significant. We conclude that there exists a causal relationship between the presence of transportation arteries and land use change in the urban-rural fringe, but this relationship varies across different types of linear transport infrastructure.  相似文献   

3种柔鱼线粒体基因与核核糖体基因片段序列比较分析     

刘连为  陈新军  许强华  王从军  余为 《广东海洋大学学报》2013,(6):24-29

为准确检测柔鱼（Ommαstrephesbartram川、茎柔鱼（ Dosidicus gigas）与阿根廷滑柔鱼（ IIIex argentinus ） 的种间遗传差异,对线粒体16SrRNA、细胞色素b（Cytb）与编码核糖体大亚基的基因（28SrDNA）片段序列进 行测定。经比对获得同源片段序列的长度分别为444、430、464坤,其中16SrRNA与28SrDNA基因片段上分别存在3处和47处碱基插入/缺失。核昔酸组成分析表明;3种柔鱼在3个基因片段上的核音酸组成差异不显著, 在线粒体2个基因片段上的A＋T含量（16SrRNA;69.90%、72.01%、74.66%; Cytb; 63.61%、68.91%、71.65% ） 均明显高于C＋C含量（16SrRNA;30.10%、27.99%、25.34%; Cytb; 36.39%、31.09%、28.35% ）,而在28SrDNA 基因片段上的A＋T含量（37.16%、36.74%、38.29% ）明显低于C＋C含量（62.84%、63.26%、61.71 %）0 3种柔鱼 在28SrDNA基因片段上检测到的核昔酸替代率最低,为6.68%,而蛋白质编码基因Cytb核昔酸替代率最高,为 20.93%,核营酸替代均发生在密码子第3位点上,而且未引起氨基酸替代。基于邻接法、最大简约法与最大似然 法重建的系统树显示,柔鱼与茎柔鱼的亲缘关系较近。根据C严b基因片段序列分析,柔鱼与茎柔鱼和阿根廷滑柔鱼的分歧时间分别为653-790万a和765 - 925万a,种间分化事件发生在中新世至上新世间。  相似文献   

Profile convexities in bedrock and alluvial streams     

Jonathan D. Phillips  J. David Lutz 《Geomorphology》2008,102(3-4):554-566

Longitudinal profiles of bedrock streams in central Kentucky, and of coastal plain streams in southeast Texas, were analyzed to determine the extent to which they exhibit smoothly concave profiles and to relate profile convexities to environmental controls. None of the Kentucky streams have smoothly concave profiles. Because all observed knickpoints are associated with vertical joints, if they are migrating it either occurs rapidly between vertical joints, or migrating knickpoints become stalled at structural features. These streams have been adjusting to downcutting of the Kentucky River for at least 1.3 Ma, suggesting that the time required to produce a concave profile is long compared to the typical timescale of environmental change. A graded concave longitudinal profile is not a reasonable prediction or benchmark condition for these streams. The characteristic profile forms of the Kentucky River gorge area are contingent on a particular combination of lithology, structure, hydrologic regime, and geomorphic history, and therefore do not represent any general type of equilibrium state. Few stream profiles in SE Texas conform to the ideal of the smoothly, strongly concave profile. Major convexities are caused by inherited topography, geologic controls, recent and contemporary geomorphic processes, and anthropic effects. Both the legacy of Quaternary environmental change and ongoing changes make it unlikely that consistent boundary conditions will exist for long. Further, the few exceptions within the study area–i.e., strongly and smoothly concave longitudinal profiles–suggest that ample time has occurred for strongly concave profiles to develop and that such profiles do not necessarily represent any mutual adjustments between slope, transport capacity, and sediment supply. The simplest explanation of any tendency toward concavity is related to basic constraints on channel steepness associated with geomechanical stability and minimum slopes necessary to convey flow. This constrained gradient concept (CGC) can explain the general tendency toward concavity in channels of sufficient size, with minimal lithological constraints and with sufficient time for adjustment. Unlike grade- or equilibrium-based theories, the CGC results in interpretations of convex or low-concavity profiles or reaches in terms of local environmental constraints and geomorphic histories rather than as “disequilibrium” features.  相似文献   

Geographical extremes in the glacial history of northern Eurasia: post-QUEEN considerations     

Valery Astakhov 《Polar research》2008,27(2):280-288

This paper summarizes the principal results produced by the European Science Foundation's programme, Quaternary Environment of the Eurasian North (QUEEN). These results concern the distribution of late Quaternary glaciers of different ages across northern Eurasia. The pattern of glaciation is compared with the west–east climatic gradient of the continent. Of particular significance is the coincidence of the Late Weichselian ice margin with the modern 30°C difference between the July and January mean air temperatures. The difference between west and east in the annual amplitude of air temperature did not decrease during the Pleniglacial. The asymmetry of the glacial history suggests a progressive aridification of the Eurasian North, with the result that by marine isotope stage 2 significant ice volumes could only accumulate along the Atlantic seaboard. The different climatic signals of thermochrons and cryochrons of the extreme west and east of the continent are discussed. The growth of continentality eastwards restrains the applicability of pollen proxies for climatic reconstructions.  相似文献   

土地利用变化的地形梯度特征与空间扩展——以北京市海淀区和延庆县为例   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

陈利顶  杨爽  冯晓明 《地理研究》2008,27(6):1225-1235

选择北京市海淀区、延庆县作为研究区,利用1992年、2002年遥感影像数据,借用地形位梯度指数,研究了土地利用变化的地形梯度特征及其空间扩展形势。研究表明:(1)海淀区建设用地受到经济和社会发展驱动明显,表现出既向低地形梯度位也向高地形梯度位扩展;但农业用地、果园因建设用地扩展受到挤压,表现为向更高地形位扩展态势;林地在高地形位得到了明显恢复,也有向更低的地形位扩张的趋势,但灌草地和未利用地在中高地形位受到林地挤压,低地形位受到农业用地、果园挤压,优势地形位明显萎缩;(2)延庆县建设用地扩展受地形位驱动作用明显,主要集中在低地形位区域;农业用地主要分布在较低地形位上,变化不大;果园在经济发展需求驱动下,向更高地形位扩展;林地在较高地形位得到较好恢复,对灌草地、未利用地产生了挤压作用,使得灌草地、未利用地在中高地形位的优势度降低,优势分布区间趋于萎缩。  相似文献   

可控源音频大地电磁三维共轭梯度反演研究   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

林昌洪  谭捍东  舒晴  佟拓  谭嘉言 《地球物理学报》2012,55(11):3829-3838

可控源音频大地电磁法在资源勘探等领域中发挥着重要的作用.我们把有限差分数值模拟方法用于可控源音频大地电磁三维正演,结合正则化反演方案和共轭梯度反演的思路,将反演中的雅可比矩阵计算问题转为求解两次"拟正演"问题,得到模型参数的更新步长,形成反演迭代,实现了可控源音频大地电磁三维共轭梯度反演算法.该反演算法可用于对有限长度电偶源激发下采集到的可控源音频大地电磁全区(近区、过渡区和远区)视电阻率和相位资料进行三维反演定量解释,获得地下三维模型的电阻率结构.理论模型合成数据的反演算例验证了所实现的可控源音频大地电磁三维共轭梯度反演算法的有效性和稳定性.  相似文献