现代测量技术在古树名木保护中的应用     

吴洁 《东北测绘》2014,(2):206-208

以上海市为例,简要介绍在古树名木保护工作中,应用航测立体采集的方法有效提高内业数据处理工作效率和成果精度。实践证明,采用航测立体采集技术可以较低的成本获取高精度和信息丰富的古树名木现状数据,为绿化市容部门开展古树名木的保护提供准确的基础数据。  相似文献   

地面三维激光扫描技术用于道路平整度检测研究     

李伟  刘正坤 《北京测绘》2011,(3):24-27

平整度是道路建设、管理活动中质量监控的重要指标,该指标的好差直接关系到路面的使用寿命、乘客的舒适。本文利用地面三维激光扫描技术对一段破损路面进行检测,探索了该技术用于道路平整度检测的有关问题,以及该技术所具有的独特优势。  相似文献   

基于星载GPS的CHAMP卫星精密简动力定轨     

秦建  郭金运  孔巧丽  李国伟 《全球定位系统》2011,36(5):41-45

定轨是地球探测卫星任务顺利执行的关键。星载GPS技术提供了大量、连续的高低卫星跟踪观测,为低轨卫星精密定轨提供了技术支撑。为了确定CHAMP卫星的轨道,并分析定轨精度,利用CHAMP卫星星载GPS数据,运用零差简动力法进行精密定轨,给出了精密定轨流程。利用实际数据进行了精密定轨实验,结果与德国地学研究中心（GFZ）公布的CHAMP卫星快速轨道（RSO）进行了对比,结果显示：求解轨道可以达到厘米量级。  相似文献   

双星姿态测量中确定整周模糊度的新方法     

何海波  郭海荣  王爱兵  张永超 《测绘学院学报》2011,(2)

针对双星姿态测量中整周模糊度解算这一关键问题,提出了一种新的双星整周模糊度解算方法——天线反转法。其基本思想是,在静态初始化过程中将副天线绕主天线反转了180°。模拟算例表明,该方法能够快速可靠地解算出双星整周模糊度。  相似文献   

湖北省乡镇温度预报方法初探   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

黄治勇  张文  陈璇  孟英杰  王继竹 《气象》2011,37(12):1578-1583

为了提高精细站点温度预报水平,本文在中尺度模式精细化温度预报的基础上,结合MOS分县客观预报结果,采用带海拔高度的距离权重温度插值方法,经过灰色预测模型修正温度预报误差,对湖北省717个四要素自动观测站的72小时内日高低温度进行了精细化预报,并且利用乡镇自动站温度观测进行了检验。结果显示：对于没有历史观测资料的站点,采用此预报方法,预报效果明显高于模式预报结果,基本接近客观预报方法,可以进行业务应用。对湖北的四要素自动观测站温度检验的结果还表明：鄂西北的预报误差最大,江汉平原的预报效果最好;从分月预报情况来看,高低温度都是夏季和初秋预报效果最好,低温预报冬春季预报效果最差,湖北各个区域趋势基本都一致,而高温的预报却没有一致的趋势。  相似文献   

地球同步卫星资料的一种云地分离综合处理技术     

王昌雨  孔玉寿  强学民  李利国 《气象科学》2011,31(1):40-45

利用多通道地球同步卫星资料,采用多通道阈值、基于晴空合成底图和云图时间序列的阈值和相似检测、有限区域动态阈值检测等方法,运用分步决策思路,对(60°S～60°N、45～165°E)区域内卫星云图分中高云和低云进行云地分离综合处理。经人工判断与自动云地分离结果对比分析表明,准确率达到90%以上。分析表明,考虑云和地(海)表在不同通道的亮温差异和随时间演变特点,建立并运用多种云地分离方法,有利于云地分离信息量的增加;提出的考虑云系分布时变特性的相似检测法,以及从有云和无云两个角度优先选择高可信度方法逐步检测,有利于云地分离准确率的提高。  相似文献   

Can we improve the spatial predictions of seabed sediments? A case study of spatial interpolation of mud content across the southwest Australian margin     

Jin Li  Andrew D. HeapAnna Potter  Zhi HuangJames J. Daniell 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(13):1365-1376

Spatially continuous data of environmental variables is often required for marine conservation and management. However, information for environmental variables is usually collected by point sampling, particularly for the marine region. Thus, methods generating such spatially continuous data by using point samples to estimate values for unknown locations become essential tools. Such methods are, however, often data- or even variable-specific and it is difficult to select an appropriate method for any given dataset. In this study, 14 methods (37 sub-methods) are compared using samples of mud content with five levels of sample density across the southwest Australian margin. Bathymetry, distance-to-coast, slope and geomorphic province were used as secondary variables. Ten-fold cross validation with relative mean absolute error (RMAE) and visual examination were used to assess the performance of these methods. A total of 1850 prediction datasets are produced and used to assess the performance of the methods and the effects of other factors considered. Considering both the accuracy and the visual examination, we found that a combined method (i.e., random forest and ordinary kriging: RKrf) is the most robust method. This method is novel, with a RMAE up to 17% less than that of the control. No threshold in sample density was detected in relation to prediction accuracy. No consistent patterns are observed between the performance of the methods and data variation. The RMAE of three most accurate methods is about 30% lower than that of the best methods in previous publications, highlighting the robustness of the methods selected in this study. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed and a number of suggestions are provided for further studies.  相似文献   

CSRMT measurements in the frequency range of 1–250 kHz to map a normal fault in the Volvi basin, Greece     

M. Bastani  A. Savvaidis  L.B. Pedersen  T. Kalscheuer 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(2):180-195

In order to gain a better understanding of the geometry of surface faults, five Controlled Source/Radio Magnetotelluric (CSRMT) profiles were measured across the Volvi basin, 45 km northeast of the city of Thessaloniki in Greece. The data were collected in two frequency ranges: a) 1–12.5 kHz using a remotely controlled double horizontal magnetic dipole transmitter (CSAMT measurements), and b) 15–250 kHz using the signal from distant radio transmitters (RMT measurements). The transition from the RMT band to the CSAMT band was smooth and continuous allowing us to combine both datasets for plane-wave modeling. The surface geology shows a predominantly 2D structure, and therefore we planned the survey into profiles perpendicular to the geological strike. We have used a 2D interpretation tool to model the data in TE, TM, TE + TM and determinant modes. Using a 4% error floor on the impedance, 2D resistivity models from inversion of the determinant data provide lower RMS data fits (4.2 and 1.2 for resistivity and phase, respectively) compared to the combined TE + TM data (4.4, 2.8, overall resistivity and phase, respectively). 2D inversion of the measured tensor data shows a sharp change in the depth to the top of resistive gneiss–schist basement that is overlain by a less resistive overburden at southern basin flanks. The change in depth to the bedrock is clearly seen in all 2D models along the measured profiles suggesting the existence of normal faults with strike directions of NE–SW to E–W. The 2D electrical resistivity models suggest that the bedrock deepens towards south-west. The resistivity models are also compared with the existing borehole information in the area and show a reasonable correlation. For example the sharp change of depth to the bedrock towards the center of the basin as seen in the resistivity models are also confirmed by the borehole data.  相似文献   

福建省区域地震前兆观测技术系统及特点     

陈懿德  陈智勇  陈彩虹  刘坚刚  林木金 《东北地震研究》2011,27(4):20-25

本文根据福建地震前兆观测台网技术系统的观测仪器、观测类型、数据格式、数据库结构等说明其观测技术系统的特点,特别对数据格式及数据库结构进行了技术分解;并结合福建地震前兆台网的实际情况对台网的统一观测技术平台提出了设想。  相似文献   

基于Hilbert-Huang变换和随机减量技术的模态参数识别   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩建平  李林  王洪涛  钱炯 《世界地震工程》2011,27(1)

傅里叶分析的信号处理方法对非线性、非平稳信号的处理能力差,传统的模态参数识别方法也存在阻尼比识别精度不高的问题。基于Hilbert-Huang变换和随机减量技术提出了一种新的、实用的模态参数识别方法,首先对结构振动信号进行滤波处理和经验模态分解,得到若干阶本征模态响应,然后利用随机减量技术提取自由衰减响应,进而由Hilbert-Huang变换得到信号的瞬时特性,最后结合模态识别的基本理论识别结构的模态频率和模态阻尼比。为了验证这一方法的有效性,对12层钢筋混凝土框架模型振动台试验一测点的加速度记录进行了处理,识别了模态参数,识别结果与其它识别方法及有限元分析结果的对比表明该方法识别模态频率是可靠的,而模态阻尼比识别的精准性仍然难以确认。  相似文献