Facies and architectural element analysis of a meandering fluvial succession: The Permian Warchha Sandstone, Salt Range, Pakistan     

Shahid Ghazi  Nigel P. Mountney   《Sedimentary Geology》2009,221(1-4):99-126

The 30 to 155 m thick Early Permian (Artinskian) Warchha Sandstone of the Salt Range, Pakistan is a conglomerate, sandstone and claystone succession within which seven lithofacies types (Gt, St, Sp, Sr, Sh, Fl and Fm) occur in a predictable order as repeated fining-upward cycles. Common sedimentary structures in the conglomerates and sandstones include planar and trough cross-bedding, planar lamination, soft sediment-deformed bedding, compound cosets of strata with low-angle inclined bounding surfaces and lags of imbricated pebbles. Structures in the finer-grained facies include desiccation cracks, raindrop imprints, caliche nodules and bioturbation. Groups of associated facies are arranged into nine distinct architectural elements (channels, gravel bars, sandy bedforms, downstream and laterally accreting barforms, sand sheets, crevasse splays, levees, floodplain units and shallow lakes), which is consistent with a fluvial origin for the succession. The types of architectural elements present and their relationship to each other demonstrate that the Warchha Sandstone preserves a record of a meandering river system that drained the northern margin of Gondwanaland. The dominance of fine-grained (floodplain) facies over gravel-grade (channel-base) facies and the widespread occurrence of large-scale lateral accretion elements supports the interpretation of a high-sinuosity, meandering fluvial system in which channel bodies accumulated via the lateral accretion of point bars but in which the active channels covered only a small part of a broad floodplain at any time instant. Although the regional and temporal distribution of these deposits is complex, in broad terms the lower part is dominated by stacked, multistorey channel bodies, whereas single-storey channel elements isolated in abundant fine-grained floodplain deposits dominate the middle and upper parts of the formation.  相似文献   

A latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacial history and paleoclimate reconstruction at Three Sisters and Broken Top Volcanoes, Oregon, U.S.A.     

Shaun A. Marcott  Andrew G. Fountain  Peter J. Sniffen 《Quaternary Research》2009,71(2):181-189

At least three sets of moraines mark distinct glacial stands since the last glacial maximum (LGM) in the Three Sisters region of the Oregon Cascade Range. The oldest stand predates 8.1 ka (defined here as post-LGM), followed by a second between ∼ 2 and 8 ka (Neoglacial) and a third from the Little Ice Age (LIA) advance of the last 300 years. The post-LGM equilibrium line altitudes were 260 ± 100 m lower than that of modern glaciers, requiring 23 ± 9% increased winter snowfall and 1.4 ± 0.5°C cooler summer temperatures than at present. The LIA advance had equilibrium line altitudes 110 ± 40 m lower than at present, implying 10 ± 4% greater winter snowfall and 0.6 ± 0.2°C cooler summer temperatures.  相似文献   

Quantifying sedimentation patterns of small landslide-dammed lakes in the central Oregon Coast Range     

Logan R. Wetherell  Lisa L. Ely  Joshua J. Roering  Megan K. Walsh  Molly J. Burchfield  Keifer E. Nace  Meaghan M. Wetherell  William T. Struble 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(7):1375-1392

Understanding sedimentation patterns in small coastal watersheds due to landscape perturbations is critical for connecting hillslope and fluvial processes, in addition to managing aquatic habitats for anadromous fish and other aquatic species in the Oregon Coast Range (OCR). Changes in sedimentation patterns spanning the last 250 years are preserved in two landslide-dammed lakes in small watersheds (< 10 km²) underlain by the Tyee Formation in the central OCR. Dendrochronology of drowned Douglas-fir stumps in both lakes provided precise timing of the damming and formation of the lakes, with Klickitat Lake forming in winter ad 1751/52 and Wasson Lake in winter ad 1819/20. Perturbations from wildfires, logging and road development, and previously underappreciated snow events affect sedimentation rates in the lakes to different degrees, and are identified in the sediment record using cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs), high-resolution charcoal stratigraphy, local fire records, and aerial photography. Each lake has variable sedimentation accumulation rates (0.05–4.4 cm yr⁻¹) and mass accumulation rates (0.02–1.42 g cm⁻² yr⁻¹). Sedimentation rates remained low from the landslide-damming events until the mid-19th century, when they increased following stand-replacing wildfires. Aside from a sediment remobilization triggered by human modification of the landslide dam at Klickitat Lake around 1960, the largest peaks in mass accumulation rates in the mid-20th century at both lakes in the early 1950s precede major road construction and logging activity in the watersheds. Subsequent sedimentation rates are lower, but variable, and possible effects of logging and road development might be exacerbated by abnormal precipitation and heavy snow events. A comparison of previous studies of landslide-dammed lakes in larger watershed of the OCR are consistent with our findings of increased sedimentation in the mid-20th century, as well as higher sedimentation rates in the debris-flow dominated southern Tyee Formation than in the lower-relief northern Tyee Formation.  相似文献   

Early Cretaceous Adakitic Rocks in the Northern Great Xing’an Range, NE China: Implications for the Final Closure of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and Regional Extensional Setting     

ZHANG Lingyu  LI Shichao  CHU Xiaolei  SHANG Yinmin 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(5):1544-1558

A large amount of igneous rocks in NE China formed in an extensional setting during Late Mesozoic. However, there is still controversy about how the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the Paleo-Pacific Ocean effected the lithosphere in NE China. In this paper, we carried out a comprehensive study for andesites from the Keyihe area using LA-ICP-MS zircon UPb dating and geochemical and Hf isotopic analysis to investigate the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of these andesites. The U-Pb dating yields an Early Cretaceous crystallization age of 128.3±0.4 Ma. Geochemically, the andesites contain high Sr(686–930 ppm) and HREE contents, low Y(11.9–19.8 ppm) and Yb(1.08–1.52 ppm) contents, and they therefore have high Sr/Y(42–63) and La/Yb(24–36) ratios, showing the characteristics of adakitic rocks. Moreover, they exhibit high K_2O/Na_2O ratios(0.57–0.81), low Mg O contents(0.77–3.06 wt%), low Mg# value(17–49) and negative εHf(t) values(-1.7 to-8.5) with no negative Eu anomalies, indicating that they are not related to the oceanic plate subduction. Based on the geochemical and isotopic data provided in this paper and regional geological data, it can be concluded that the Keyihe adakitic rocks were affected by the Mongol-Okhotsk tectonic regime, forming in a transition setting from crustal thickening to regional extension thinning. They were derived from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust. The closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean may finish in early Early Cretaceous, followed by the collisional orogenic process. The southern part region of its suture belt was in a post-orogenic extensional setting in the late Early Cretaceous.  相似文献   

东北大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩的时空分布及与区域构造演化关系的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯志强  刘永江  金巍  蒋立伟  李伟民  温泉波  李小玉  张铁安  杜兵盈  马永非  张丽 《地学前缘》2019,26(2):120-136

大兴安岭北段作为中亚造山带东段重要组成单元,该区域的构造背景一直悬而未决,它涉及兴安与松辽地块基底属性、额尔古纳地块亲缘性以及三者之间的拼贴位置、时限和方式等众多科学问题。蛇绿岩作为研究造山带的重要工具之一,不仅是古板块或微地块的重要边界,而且是认识地幔组成和壳幔演化的重要窗口。然而大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩却鲜有报道。根据近年来野外工作及结合前人研究成果,文章探讨了蛇绿岩形成时代及构造环境。研究表明：(1)大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩整体呈北东向展布,但时代跨越较大,主要包括新元古代、早奥陶世-志留纪、石炭纪-二叠纪;(2)大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩均有E-MORB地球化学特征,其中新元古代的蛇绿岩明显亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,而晚古生代的蛇绿岩则相对富集高场强元素;(3)大兴安岭北段新元古代蛇绿岩可能形成于洋内岛弧环境,记录着前寒武纪陆弧碰撞信息,而早奥陶世-志留纪蛇绿岩可能与早古生代弧盆体系演化相关。尽管上述认识为大兴安岭北段古生代的地球动力学背景研究提供了新的依据,但大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩仍存在较多问题亟须解决。  相似文献   

大兴安岭巴雅尔吐胡硕地区碎斑熔岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义     

申亮  赵胜金  于海洋  柳志辉  周颖帅  苏建国  杨海星  高利东 《地质通报》2019,38(8):1314-1326

在大兴安岭中南段巴雅尔吐胡硕地区发现一套碎斑熔岩。根据野外调查,可分为中心相的细微粒斑状石英二长岩(-石英二长斑岩)和边缘相的英安流纹质碎斑熔岩。通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年,获得细微粒斑状石英二长岩的年龄加权平均值为137.4±0.9Ma(MSWD=1.13),英安流纹质碎斑熔岩的年龄加权平均值为135.2±0.8Ma(MSWD=1.17),二者的形成时代均属于早白垩世早期。由元素地球化学分析可知,6件样品均属于过铝质的高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩,且具有完全一致的微量元素蛛网图和稀土元素配分曲线,均具有明显的负Eu异常,均富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Pb和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb,Th较富集,Ba、Sr、Eu具有一定亏损,Pb强烈富集,表明岩石来源于地壳部分熔融。在构造环境判别分析的基础上,提出研究区碎斑熔岩属于碰撞后或造山期后的张性构造环境花岗岩(A2型花岗岩),形成于拉张环境,代表了伸展的大地构造背景。结合大兴安岭地区的大地构造演化特征,其形成与蒙古-鄂霍茨克闭合造山后的岩石圈伸展作用有关。  相似文献   

大兴安岭北段索图罕地区碱长花岗岩成因及形成构造背景     

杨小鹏  王长兵  李文庆 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(5):1338-1349

本文对大兴安岭北段索图罕地区碱长花岗岩进行了系统的全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb同位素年代学的研究,并探讨了其成因和构造意义。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,花岗岩形成于早白垩世,年龄为（139.50±0.56）Ma。岩石地球化学结果显示,索图罕林场碱长花岗岩属于高钾钙碱性的A型花岗岩,岩石具有富硅和碱、贫CaO和MgO的特征,岩石稀土元素质量分数较高,相对富集轻稀土元素,具有明显的负Eu异常,富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素,稀土元素配分图解具有右斜"V"字形的特征。索图罕林场碱长花岗岩为弱过铝质A型花岗岩,来源于地壳物质的部分熔融。样品微量元素构造判别图解落入后碰撞区域,代表伸展环境。结合区域地质特征,认为该碱长花岗岩的形成与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合后的岩石圈伸展相关。  相似文献   

念青唐古拉山脉西段雪线高度变化遥感观测   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张其兵  康世昌  张国帅 《地理科学》2016,36(12):1937-1944

利用Landsat TM/ETM+/8 OLI和HJ1A遥感影像资料作为数据源,通过目视解译方法,提取念青唐古拉山脉西段雪线高度变化值,同时对研究区周边气温与降水变化趋势进行分析,研究其与冰川变化的关系。结果表明：2004~2013年北坡13条冰川和南坡15条冰川的雪线高度都呈升高的趋势;从整体上来考察,北坡雪线高度升高值为14 m/a,南坡升高值为4.9 m/a,北坡升高速度比南坡快;自1964年以来,研究区气温升高趋势显著,降水增加不明显,气候变暖是冰川退缩的主要原因;北坡冰川比南坡冰川经历更大的物质负平衡,主要是由于气温的升高率北坡比南坡快所致。  相似文献   

The Middle and Upper Devonian in southeastern flank of the Siberian platform (Southern Verkhoyansk Region,Sette-Daban Mountain Range)     

V. V. Baranov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(5):470-484

Data on Middle and Upper Devonian deposits studied in southeastern flank of the Siberian platform are considered. A scheme of stratigraphic zoning in the study region is presented. Nineteen sedimentological and biotic events, which are recorded in the studied sections, are of the regional, interregional and global ranks. Their connection with eustatic sea-level fluctuations is established. Sections of the formation and regional horizon stratotypes and parastratotypes are described. The revision of species Mucrospirifer novosibiricus (Toll) is carried out.  相似文献   

青藏高原唐古拉山北坡夏季风降水特征的初步分析   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

杨梅学 Ueno  K 《冰川冻土》1999,21(3):233-236

利用ＧＡＭＥ－Ｔｉｂｅｔ加强观测期间（１９９８年５￣９月）Ｄ１０５站的降水资料,初步分析了青藏高原唐古拉山北坡夏季风降水的特征。表明从６月７日到９月１８日,这１０４ｄ中有８１ｄ产生降水,总结水量为２７９．２ｍｍ,每天平均降水量达３．４５ｍｍ。可以认为６月７日左右为唐古拉山北坡Ｄ１０５站处夏季风爆发日。８月份降水量最大。为１２１．６ｍｍ,占观测期间总降水量的４３．６％。在夏季风期间,季风降水存在着明  相似文献