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21.
内蒙古黄岗梁萤石呈现稀有的红色特征,该颜色萤石全球产量稀少,本文利用LA-ICP-MS原位测试技术对其微量元素地球化学特征进行了系统分析,探讨黄岗梁铁锡矿床中红色萤石的成因。微量元素分析结果显示黄岗梁萤石样品中总稀土元素含量较低,并表现出左倾的富集重稀土特征,其中红色和粉色萤石的稀土元素配分曲线显示出Dy-Tm拱顶式凸起的配分模式,表明其结晶作用发生在成矿流体演化的最后阶段;Y/Ho比值104~197,与热液成因萤石一致,且La/Ho比值为0.027~0.126,具强的负异常,表明了黄岗梁萤石为热液成因;Ce/Ce*比值0.57~0.98,Eu/Eu*比值0.22~0.63,均表现出负异常,表明形成黄岗梁萤石的热液流体是在相对还原环境下形成且温度高于200℃。综合分析萤石的地球化学特征和其与围岩的接触关系,认为黄岗梁萤石主要分为两阶段结晶,一阶段为与石英同期结晶形成红色、粉色部分,二阶段为在石英形成后结晶形成的由阳起石他色致色的绿色部分,而黄岗梁萤石罕见的红色是由于Y元素较为富集且含量远高于其他稀土元素,从而形成YO2色心并在萤石中作用而显色。 相似文献
22.
Helen Harwatt 《Climate Policy》2019,19(5):533-541
Strong and rapid greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, far beyond those currently committed to, are required to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. This allows no sector to maintain business as usual practices, while application of the precautionary principle requires avoiding a reliance on negative emission technologies. Animal to plant-sourced protein shifts offer substantial potential for GHG emission reductions. Unabated, the livestock sector could take between 37% and 49% of the GHG budget allowable under the 2°C and 1.5°C targets, respectively, by 2030. Inaction in the livestock sector would require substantial GHG reductions, far beyond what are planned or realistic, from other sectors. This outlook article outlines why animal to plant-sourced protein shifts should be taken up by the Conference of the Parties (COP), and how they could feature as part of countries’ mitigation commitments under their updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to be adopted from 2020 onwards. The proposed framework includes an acknowledgment of ‘peak livestock’, followed by targets for large and rapid reductions in livestock numbers based on a combined ‘worst first’ and ‘best available food’ approach. Adequate support, including climate finance, is needed to facilitate countries in implementing animal to plant-sourced protein shifts.
Key policy insights
Given the livestock sector’s significant contribution to global GHG emissions and methane dominance, animal to plant protein shifts make a necessary contribution to meeting the Paris temperature goals and reducing warming in the short term, while providing a suite of co-benefits.
Without action, the livestock sector could take between 37% and 49% of the GHG budget allowable under the 2°C and 1.5°C targets, respectively, by 2030.
Failure to implement animal to plant protein shifts increases the risk of exceeding temperate goals; requires additional GHG reductions from other sectors; and increases reliance on negative emissions technologies.
COP 24 is an opportunity to bring animal to plant protein shifts to the climate mitigation table.
Revised NDCs from 2020 should include animal to plant protein shifts, starting with a declaration of ‘peak livestock’, followed by a ‘worst first’ replacement approach, guided by ‘best available food’.
23.
本文研究了中条山地区基底涑水杂岩,含矿层中条群岩石和铀矿化岩石的稀土元素特征及其与铀元素的关系。发现稀土元素,尤其是重稀土元素对铀的区域富集及铀矿化作用有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
24.
与碱性花岗岩有关的稀有稀土矿床 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
概述了含矿碱性花岗岩产出的地质背景，含矿岩体的主要特征。根据岩石中暗色矿物与主要成矿元素的关系，将碱性花岗岩矿床划分为３种矿化类型：含Ｎｂ（Ｓｎ）黑云母花岗岩；含Ｎｂ（Ｓｎ）、ＨＲＥＥ钠铁闪石－钠闪石花岗岩；含ＬＲＥＥ霓石花岗岩，并指出，碱性花岗岩矿床在我国北部边区和攀西裂谷带具有良好的成矿前景。 相似文献
25.
In certain areas of the Namib gravel plains a new Ariadna sp. was discovered. It rims its vertical burrow with a stone circle, made on average of seven quartz stones. Some mathematical relationships between hole diameter, stone sizes and weight, and animal size were studied. A correlation was found, and stone selection by this spider postulated. Different hypotheses on the adaptive value of stone circle are suggested. 相似文献
26.
Pleistocene deposits at Toronto, consisting of Don Formation (considered to be of Sangamonian interglacial age) and Scarborough Formation (interpreted to be Early Wisconsinan, >50 000 years B.P.) were examined at three sites: Don Valley Brickyard, Leaside, and at the south end of Brimley Road at the foot of the Scarborough Bluffs. Comparison of the cladoceran microfossil assemblages described from these sites has enabled reconstruction of the lacustrine environment of the region.Cladoceran microfossil evidence from each site confirmed the disparity in community composition and structure, and in environmental conditions that existed during deposition of the Don and Scarborough Formations. Cladocera community composition averaged 40–45% remains of littoral species in the warmer Don interval at all three sites. The Scarborough Formation contained a more homogeneous cladoceran assemblage, with higher community similarity across sites than observed in the Don Formation. However, there was greater variation in the littoral: planktonic ratio among sites, ranging from >0.90 at Leaside to <0.10 at Brimley Road.Stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis of cladoceran microfossil assemblages clearly separated the communities in the Don Formation from those in the Scarborough Formation at each site. During the interglacial, the Don Brickyard site appears to have been a shallow, protected embayment on the lake shore, whereas the other sites are more distinctly lacustrine. The Scarborough assemblage at each site is representative of deeper, oligotrophic, subarctic lakes. 相似文献
27.
28.
We measured the emissions of volatile aliphatic amines and ammonia produced by the manure of beef cattle, dairy cows, swine, laying hens and horses in livestock buildings. The amine emissions consisted almost exclusively of the three methylamines and correlated with those of ammonia. The molar emission ratios of the methylamines to ammonia, and data on NH3 emissions from animal husbandry in Europe, together with global statistics on domestic animals, were used to estimate the global emissions of amines. Annual global methylamine-N input to the atmosphere from animal husbandry in 1988 was 0.15±0.06 TgN (Tg=1012 g). Almost 3/4 of these emissions consisted of trimethylamine-N. This represents about half of all methylamine emissions to the atmosphere. Other sources are marine coastal waters and biomass burning.Possible reaction pathways for atmospheric methylamines are shown. Among various speculative but possible products N2O and HCN are of interest because the emission of methylamines could contribute to the global budgets of these compounds. Maximum atmospheric N2O production from methylamines are below 0.4 Tg N/year, which is less than 10% of the annual N2O growth rate. Although we do not expect the methylamine emissions to contribute in a major way to the atmospheric N2O budget, more studies are needed to establish this conclusion beyond doubt. Similar conclusions hold for HCN. 相似文献
29.
我国贵州瓮安陡山沱期磷块岩中的磷酸盐化球状化石是近年来受到广泛关注的一类微体化石。对于它们的生物亲缘认识，长期以来存在着动植物之争，特别是近年来一些学者发现，部分磷酸盐化球状化石内部保存了2、4、8、16等几何级数增长的细胞特征，根据化石的大小、细胞排列方式和表面纹饰可与现生甲壳类动物的胚胎比较，认为它们很可能是运动胚胎化石，但另一些学者却持截然不同的观点，认为它们不是动物胚胎化石的观察与研究，同时结合相同层位岩石薄片所发现的大量同类化石微细结构的对比。特别是把磷块岩中的化石与燧石中发现的化石详细比较，对一些磷酸盐化球状化石的归属和亲缘关系进行探讨，研究表明贵州瓮安陡山沱期燧石中发现的化石详细比较，对一些磷酸盐化球状化石的归属和亲缘关系进行探讨。研究表明贵州瓮安陡山沱期磷酸盐化微体化石群具有多样性特征，包含不同门类，是迄今为止全球保存最好的晚新元古代磷酸盐化的化石库。 相似文献
30.