Regulating wave and tidal energy: An industry perspective on the Scottish marine governance framework     

《Marine Policy》2016

The emerging ocean energy industry, which seeks to utilise waves and tides to generate electricity, is developing in many jurisdictions. The UK, and Scotland in particular, is strongly interested in these technologies, and has made considerable efforts to reform its marine governance processes to better meet the needs of innovative new marine industries. This paper provides an industry perspective on this regulatory framework, reporting on the experiences of ocean energy project and technology developers. Semi-structured interviews with companies with practical experience with Scotland's regulatory framework provide evidence of a number of legal and regulatory challenges, as well as interesting insights into how developers are interacting with new marine governance systems. The paper details the findings of these interviews and offers some suggested directions for future research.  相似文献   

小球藻与褐潮原因种-抑食金球藻间的相互作用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毕相东  张兴华  宋伦  胡顺鑫  唐学玺  闫冉 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(3):594-603

近年来渤海海域频繁暴发以抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)为主的褐潮对海水贝类养殖造成巨大的危害。筛选出既能强烈抑制抑食金球藻生长又可为养殖微环境中贝类提供饵料的微藻,并将其浓缩液缓释于贝类养殖的微环境中,将对降低褐潮的危害,提高养殖经济效益具有非常重要的实际应用价值。本实验以小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和抑食金球藻为实验材料,采用荧光定量PCR技术监测抑食金球藻的细胞密度,研究了抑食金球藻在单培养体系中的生长情况、与小球藻共培养时两种微藻生长情况的变化以及小球藻培养滤液对其生长和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。研究结果表明:(1)在单培养体系中,抑食金球藻的生长曲线可用逻辑斯谛增长模型拟合,随着起始密度的增加,环境容量(K)逐渐减小;而抑食金球藻的种群瞬间增长率(r)、进入拐点时间及稳定期细胞密度均较为接近;(2)当小球藻与抑食金球藻以不同起始密度比共同培养时,抑食金球藻的生长均受到了显著地抑制(P0.05),且随着小球藻比例的升高抑制作用加强;(3)滤液培养实验发现,≥10m L小球藻培养滤液的加入可对抑食金球藻的生长和叶绿素荧光参数产生显著的影响(P0.05),生长速度减缓或滞长,叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、alpha的值降低,Ik的值增加,PSⅡ受到损害,随着滤液加入量的增加,损害程度加深,并且不可恢复。  相似文献   

油页岩地质类比资源评价体系的建立     

贾建亮  刘招君  柳蓉  郭巍  陈会军  孙平昌  孟庆涛 《地质学报》2014,88(7):1321-1333

松辽盆地晚白垩纪青山口组和嫩江组蕴藏着丰富的油页岩资源,已查明4处超大型中浅层油页岩矿床,盆地油页岩资源整体呈现"局部查明程度高、整体认识程度低"的特征。本文采用以地质类比法为主、统计算法为辅的统计类比法估算油页岩潜在资源量。在松辽盆地嫩江组探明的超大型矿床——吉林松南油页岩含矿区的类比刻度区内,以松辽盆地油页岩成矿富集条件为理论依据,优选出控制油页岩成矿富集的3个一级和6个派生二级地质因素来建立类比参数库,并提出"多态"定性变换原则处理类比参数。采用特征因子法确定刻度区与预测区的相似类比系数概率分布函数,并构建了油页岩资源体积丰度概率分布函数,从而利用蒙特卡罗法和组合抽样法计算不同置信水平下的油页岩潜在资源量。提出利用"高概率值波动剧烈"选取原则评价概率区间上合理的油页岩潜在资源量,把100%~85%概率区间的资源量作为松辽盆地嫩江组油页岩资源评价的合理值区间。结果显示,松辽盆地嫩江组中浅层油页岩在合理概率下的潜在资源量分别为2867.2×108 t(100%)、3356.2×108 t(95%)、3834.0×108 t(90%)、4307.7×108 t(85%),合理概率区间上的平均资源量为3591.3×108 t。验证分析表明,统计类比法对大范围低勘探程度的预测区资源估算更为准确,填补了中—低勘探盆地油页岩在资源评价方面的不足,可以为其他同类型沉积盆地的能源或矿产资源评价起到借鉴作用。  相似文献   

Trade-off between safety and feeding in the sea anemone Anthopleura aureoradiata     

E Haag 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):540-546

After a physical disturbance, such as a predatory stimulus, several marine organisms withdraw into a refuge to ensure survival. Consequently, they cannot engage in other essential activities. Re-emergence reflects a trade-off between avoidance of disturbance and lost feeding opportunities. The New Zealand sea anemone (Anthopleura aureoradiata) avoids predators by withdrawing its tentacles into its upper body. In a field experiment, responses of 480 A. aureoradiata to a physical disturbance were studied at three locations to assess the influence of the following factors on hiding time: physical contact with a neighbour; density of nearby conspecifics; total density per pool; and body size. Withdrawal times were significantly shorter for anemones in contact with a conspecific, occurring in high-density patches or of larger size. These patterns are consistent with rapid re-emergence being stimulated by competition for food from immediate neighbours and/or a lower risk of predation when in groups (i.e. a dilution effect), with larger size also potentially reducing vulnerability to predation.  相似文献   

Effects of dieldrin on brown trout in field and laboratory studies     

J. C. Dacre  D. Scott 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):235-246

The effects on brown trout, Salmo trutta Linn., and bottom fauna of the Silver Stream, Otago, New Zealand following an accidental discharge of 55 litres of a dieldrin spray in September 1963 are described. The 24 h LC50 for dieldrin was found to be 0.016 ppm. Residue levels of dieldrin in skeletal muscles, liver, and brain were measured, using a gas‐liquid chromatograph, and minimum lethal levels of dieldrin found in these tissues were 1.0–2.0 ppm.  相似文献   

Impacts of mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis,on black mudfish,Neochanna diversus     

Nicholas Ling  Kate Willis 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(6):1215-1223

The potential for western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, to negatively affect populations of black mudfish in New Zealand wetlands was investigated with annual fishing surveys of the Whangamarino wetland and by laboratory experiments evaluating competition and predation of mosquitofish on mudfish adults and larvae. Abundance of mudfish juveniles was reduced in the presence of mosquitofish at marginal wetland sites close to permanent water, but mosquitofish were not found at ephemeral adult mudfish habitats. In constructed wetland microcosms, mosquitofish reduced both growth and condition of post‐larval mudfish but did not attack or kill mudfish. In laboratory aquaria, mosquitofish rapidly consumed mudfish fry but survival time of the latter was significantly extended by an increase in density of submerged structures and by the presence of an alternative food source for mosquitofish. Because mosquitofish cannot survive in ephemeral wetlands that dry over summer, the impacts of mosquitofish on mudfish are likely to be minimal except in habitats where mosquitofish can survive year‐round owing to the presence of permanent standing water.  相似文献