A physical model for strain accumulation in the San Francisco Bay Region     

Fred F. Pollitz  Marleen Nyst 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,160(1):303-318

  相似文献   

Triassic metasedimentary successions across the boundary between the southern Apennines and the Calabrian Arc (northern Calabria,Italy)     

A. Iannace  F. J. Garcia‐Tortosa  S. Vitale 《Geological Journal》2005,40(2):155-171

The boundary area between the Apenninic fold‐and‐thrust belt and the crystalline Calabrian Arc, located around Sangineto in northern Calabria, has been investigated. New geological mapping in the Sant'Agata area has been performed on the Triassic successions traditionally attributed to the metasedimentary San Donato Unit. This, coupled with a reappraisal of the stratigraphy and tectonics of coeval successions present more to the south in the Cetraro Unit, results in a new reconstruction of the Triassic evolution of all the metasedimentary successions found in the region. Four informal stratigraphic units have been distinguished in the S. Agata area. The lowest one (Unit A) consists of well‐bedded metalimestones and bioturbated marly limestones that correlate with Ladinian–Carnian carbonates in nearby areas. A second unit (Unit B), never recognized before, contains a complex alternation of dolomites, phyllites and some meta‐arenites containing several beds of Cavernoso facies, attributed to the Carnian. They grade upward to platform and platform‐margin dolomites of Norian–Rhaetian age (Unit C) that in turn are replaced upward and laterally by a fourth unit (Unit D) consisting of well‐bedded, dark dolomites and metalimestones with marly interlayers locally found as resedimented large blocks in slope conglomerates. Unit D correlates with Rhaetian–Liassic beds in nearby areas. Several pieces of evidence of post‐metamorphic contractional tectonics, with 140°N and 30°N trends, are found together with evidence of SW‐directed extension. The siliciclastic Carnian beds of Unit B are correlated with the phyllites of Cetraro, formerly believed to be Middle Triassic; moreover, it is suggested that in the Cetraro area Unit C is almost totally replaced by Unit D. This demonstrates that the former distinction between the two tectonic units in the whole area has to be discarded. We have made a general palaeoenvironmental reconstruction which progresses laterally, during Ladinian–Carnian times, from (i) a coastal, mixed siliciclastic–carbonate–evaporitic area at Cetraro to (ii) a transitional carbonate shelf where siliciclastic input was only episodic, and finally to (iii) a bioconstructed margin which was later replaced by a steepened margin created by tectonic instability. Starting from the Norian, subsidence shifted toward the former coastal area where an intraplatform, restricted basin developed. The proposed stratigraphy corresponds closely to the Alpujarride units of the Betic Cordillera, Spain. Moreover, it is shown that strong affinities also exist, in terms of the structural framework, with the metamorphic units of Tuscany and Liguria. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Lithospheric evolution in the wake of the Mendocino triple junction: structure of the San Andreas Fault system at 2  Ma     

Timothy J. Henstock  & Alan Levander 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,140(1):233-247

  相似文献   

Alteration of benthic communities associated with copper contamination linked to boat moorings     

Carlos Neira  Lisa A. Levin  Guillermo Mendoza  Alberto Zirino 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(1):46-66

Although copper (Cu) is an essential element for life, leaching from boat paint can cause excess environmental loading in enclosed marinas. The effects of copper contamination on benthic macrofaunal communities were examined in three San Diego Bay marinas (America's Cup, Harbor Island West and East) in Southern California, USA. The distribution of Cu concentration in sediments exhibited a clear spatial gradient, with hotspots created by the presence of boats, which in two marinas exceeded the effect range medium (ERM). Elevated sediment Cu was associated with differences in benthic assemblages, reduced species richness and enhanced dominance in America's Cup and Harbor Island West, whereas Harbor Island East did not appear to be affected. At sites without boats there were greater abundances of some amphipods such as the species Desdimelita sp., Harpinia sp., Aoroides sp., Corophium sp., Podocerus sp., bivalves such as Lyonsia californica, Musculista senhousia, Macoma sp., and polychaetes such as Diplocirrus sp. In contrast, at sites with boats, densities of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, Polydora nuchalis, Euchone limnicola, Exogone lourei, Tubificoides spp. were enhanced. The limited impact on Harbor Island East suggests not only lower Cu input rates and increased water flushing and mixing, but also the presence of adequate defense mechanisms that regulate availability and mitigate toxic impacts. At all three marinas, Cu in tissues of several macrobenthic species exhibited Cu bioaccumulation above levels found in the surrounding environment. The annelids Lumbrineris sp. and Tubificoides spp., and the amphipod Desdimelita sp. contained high levels of Cu, suggesting they function as Cu bioaccumulators. The spionid polychaetes Polydora nuchalis and Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata had much lower Cu concentrations than surrounding sediments, suggesting they function as Cu bioregulators. The macrobenthic invertebrates in San Diego Bay marinas that tolerate Cu pollution (e.g. P. nuchalis, P. paucibranchiata, Euchone limnicola, Typosyllis sp., Tubificoides sp.) may function as indicators of high‐Cu conditions, whereas the presence of Cu‐sensitive species (e.g. Podocerus sp., Aoroides sp., Harpinia sp., Macoma sp., Lyonsia californica) may indicate healthier conditions (less Cu‐stressed). Parallel responses by faunas of Shelter Island Yacht Basin, also in San Diego Bay, suggest potential for development of regional Cu contamination assessment criteria, and call for functional comparisons with other marinas and coastal water bodies.  相似文献   

水电项目对越南硒圣河地区社会经济发展及环境保护的影响     

乐庭青  武四兰 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2011,(4):375-379

硒圣河是湄公河的主要分支之一,其集水区地形条件和水资源量均对水电开发十分有利。此外,无论从物种多样性还是生物量来看,硒圣河水生生物资源非常丰富。鱼类是当地人们的重要食物来源,粗略估计鱼类物种数量可能在200-300种之间,目前具有详细记录的鱼类大约为120种。截至目前,从越南境内硒圣河上游至越-柬边界总共开发了6个水电项目,兴建了一座4A级硒圣调蓄水库。流经柬埔寨的硒圣河部分,依据发展规划将兴建3座水电站,即硒圣5号电站（硒圣1号电站以下）、硒圣3号电站、硒圣2号电站。硒圣河水电项目对区域（越南和柬埔寨）社会经济的影响体现在：为地处偏远和困难的集水区创造了新的能源资源,改善了交通系统和农村地区的生活条件。与此同时,这些水电项目也对该区域自然环境产生了重大影响。例如,改变了下游流动机理变化,导致下游河道淤积,对沿河生态系统也产生了一定影响。  相似文献   

Historical Anthropogenic Land Degradation Related to Agricultural Systems: Case Studies from Iran and Mexico     

Abbas Farshad  Narciso Barrera-Bassols 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2003,85(3-4):277-286

  相似文献   

边缘撕裂--一种致裂致震机制   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王庆廷  蒋福珍 《大地测量与地球动力学》2002,22(4):97-100

明确提出两个板块或地块之间相互作用（主要是错动）中存在一种致裂致震机制－边缘撕裂，并以中国云南境内的红河断裂和美国加州的圣安德列斯两侧地块的边缘撕裂现象为例作了具体阐述。  相似文献   

3-D crustal-scale gravity model of the San Rafael Block and Payenia volcanic province in Mendoza,Argentina     

Daniel Richarte  Marianela Lupari  Agustina Pesce  Silvina Nacif  Mario Gimenez 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(1):239-248

The San Rafael Block(SRB)is part of one of the main retroarc volcanic provinces in southern Central Andes in Mendoza,Argentina.This block is located in the Andean foothills between the orogenic front and foreland basement uplifts of late Miocene age.In order to analyze the geochronological evolution of the Quaternary volcanism in the region,several geologic and geophysical studies have been conducted.Nevertheless,the crust,where the SRB is located,has not been well characterized yet.Based on gravimetric and magnetic data,together with isostatic and elastic thickness analyses,we modeled the crustal structure of the area.Information obtained has allowed us to understand the crust where the SRB and the Payenia volcanic province are located.Bouguer anomalies indicate that the SRB presents higher densities to the North of Cerro Nevado and Moho calculations suggest depths for this block between 40 and 50 km.Determinations of elastic thickness would indicate that the crust supporting the San Rafael Block presents values of approximately 10 km,being enough to support the block loading.However,in the Payenia region,elastic thickness values are close to zero due to the regional temperature increase.  相似文献   

Rock Glaciers in the Patagonian Andes: An Inventory for the Monte San Lorenzo (Cerro Cochrane) Massif, 47° S          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel Falaschi  Takeo Tadono  Mariano Masiokas 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2015,97(4):769-777

Although rock glaciers in the Central and Desert Andes of Argentina and Chile have been previously studied in detail, much less attention has been paid to the occurrence of these permafrost forms in Patagonia. Recently, however, the establishment of the Argentinean Glacier Inventory program, which intends to inventory and monitor all ice masses along the Argentinean Andes, has started a large amount of new geocryological research. The project is designed to provide reliable and worldwide comparable results, supported by well established technical procedures and background information. Presented here is the first rock glacier inventory of the Monte San Lorenzo (Cerro Cochrane) region in the southern Patagonian Andes. A total of 130 intact (9.86 km²) and 47 fossil (1.45 km²) landforms were inventoried using two 2.5 m resolution ALOS Panchromatic Remote‐sensing Instruments for Stereo Mapping images. Since the Argentinean federal initiative described above legally protects all rock glaciers in the country as water reserves, and due to the little scientific knowledge concerning rock glaciers in the vast majority of the Patagonian Andes, this inventory provides an important basis for political decision‐making and opens further geocryological research avenues for the Patagonian region in general.  相似文献   

Restructuring,Race, and Real Estate: Changing Home Values and the New California Metropolis, 1989-2010     

《Urban geography》2013,34(5):630-654

The wake of the foreclosure crisis warrants renewed attention to geographies of race and real estate. This case study of the San Francisco Bay Area shows that outlying exurban communities on the metropolitan fringe, which saw major in-migrations of communities of color over the past three decades, were hard hit by the real estate crash, after having seen substantial housing price increases during the tail end of the boom. The potential impact on wealth and asset accumulation for these communities is significant. Rather than traditional forms of segregation, this new geography of crisis suggests a form of peripheralization, where minority communities in particular were lured out to the far suburbs under structural conditions of neoliberalism, far different from the federally supported suburbanization of two generations ago. This new reality is reminiscent of the urban roots of the foreclosure crisis, and of the need to view the crisis at a metropolitan scale.  相似文献