Weathering rates of sandstone in a semi-arid environment (Hunter Valley,Australia)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tony Wells  Greg Hancock  John Fryer 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(5):1047-1057

The rate of sandstone weathering in the semi-arid climate of the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia has been estimated from observations of gravestone weathering in the area. The gravestone data points to two distinct stages in the weathering process. The first stage covering the first century of exposure is characterised by a relatively low recession rate of 0.5 mm/100 years. This is followed by a second stage in which the rate of weathering increases sharply to ca 2.5 mm/100 years. The non-linear nature of the weathering trends over time suggests that during the first century of exposure, structural changes took place within the sandstone material, which lay the foundation for accelerated weathering after further exposure. Laboratory trials were also conducted to identify the effectiveness of different weathering processes in the decay of sandstone in this region. Of the four processes examined, only the freeze–thaw cycle produced a significant degree of mass loss and is therefore most likely a strong contributor to the weathering of sandstone in this region.  相似文献   

龙游石窟岩面水岩作用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李黎  王思敬  谷本规伯  郑舰 《工程地质学报》2008,16(6):798-805

在龙游石窟砂岩胶结物的粘土矿物类型及特性研究的基础上,对窟内的积水、洞室顶部的裂隙渗水、地表水及衢江水等水样进行化学分析,结果表明石窟砂岩的矿物组成及构造, 决定了洞室渗水的水质,是造成水质不同的主要原因。对石窟洞室砂岩试样分别浸沉在上述水及蒸馏水中,并定期对浸沉水样进行化学分析,研究了石窟砂岩与水的相互作用机理,结果表明:由大气降水入渗而形成的渗透水对石窟的影响主要是渗透过程中发生的水化、溶脱、氧化等反应,从而导致洞室砂岩的矿物组成及构造产生变化,同时也直接影响了渗透水的水质。因此,粘土矿物与水之间有着相互制约,相互影响的作用,但是岩石中所含粘土矿物特性是使砂岩发生风化的主要原因。  相似文献   

砂岩储层孔隙保存的定量预测研究   总被引：52，自引：4，他引：48       下载免费PDF全文

寿建峰  朱国华 《地质科学》1998,33(2):244-250

对北方地区若干盆地的砂岩孔隙发育特征的研究表明,地温场、地质年代和盆地沉降方式对砂岩孔隙的演化和保存有制约作用。地温梯度每增加1℃,砂岩孔隙度平均减小约7%;在地温梯度2-4℃/100m范围内,有效储层的保存深度差异可达2500-3000m.地质年代每增加1Ma,砂岩孔隙度降低约0.018%-0.009%.地层超压可最大保存5%-7%的孔隙度。盆地沉降方式不同引起的孔隙保存量的差异为2%-5%,相应的有效孔隙保存深度的差值约1000m。  相似文献   

南海北部琼东南盆地深水区陵水凹陷南部油气成藏条件   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

郭明刚  苟再辉  孙志鹏  朱继田  何丽娟  江汝锋  李涛 《海相油气地质》2016,(4):34-42

勘探已证实陵水凹陷浅层新近系发育中央峡谷莺歌海组—黄流组有效天然气成藏组合。渐新统崖城组煤系是陵水凹陷的主力气源岩,也可为陵水凹陷南部提供烃源。渐新统上部陵水组一段—中新统下部三亚组二段发育扇三角洲、浊积水道、海底扇砂岩储层,砂体富集的主控因素是凹陷边界断裂转换带、断阶带及构造坡折。陵水凹陷南部具有晚期成藏的特点,陵水凹陷生成的烃类通过断裂、砂体向南侧发生垂向与侧向运聚。综合储层、运移及圈闭条件等因素,优选出陵南斜坡反向断阶构造带为有利勘探区带。  相似文献   

Mineralogical controls on porosity and water chemistry during O2-SO2-CO2 reaction of CO2 storage reservoir and cap-rock core     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Reservoir and cap-rock core samples with variable lithology's representative of siliciclastic reservoirs used for CO₂ storage have been characterized and reacted at reservoir conditions with an impure CO₂ stream and low salinity brine. Cores from a target CO₂ storage site in Queensland, Australia were tested. Mineralogical controls on the resulting changes to porosity and water chemistry have been identified. The tested siliciclastic reservoir core samples can be grouped generally into three responses to impure CO₂-brine reaction, dependent on mineralogy. The mineralogically clean quartzose reservoir cores had high porosities, with negligible change after reaction, in resolvable porosity or mineralogy, calculated using X-ray micro computed tomography and QEMSCAN. However, strong brine acidification and a high concentration of dissolved sulphate were generated in experiments owing to minimal mineral buffering. Also, the movement of kaolin has the potential to block pore throats and reduce permeability. The reaction of the impure CO₂-brine with calcite-cemented cap-rock core samples caused the largest porosity changes after reaction through calcite dissolution; to the extent that one sample developed a connection of open pores that extended into the core sub-plug. This has the potential to both favor injectivity but also affect CO₂ migration. The dissolution of calcite caused the buffering of acidity resulting in no significant observable silicate dissolution. Clay-rich cap-rock core samples with minor amounts of carbonate minerals had only small changes after reaction. Created porosity appeared mainly disconnected. Changes were instead associated with decreases in density from Fe-leaching of chlorite or dissolution of minor amounts of carbonates and plagioclase. The interbedded sandstone and shale core also developed increased porosity parallel to bedding through dissolution of carbonates and reactive silicates in the sandy layers. Tight interbedded cap-rocks could be expected to act as baffles to fluids preventing vertical fluid migration. Concentrations of dissolved elements including Ca, Fe, Mn, and Ni increased during reactions of several core samples, with Mn, Mg, Co, and Zn correlated with Ca from cap-rock cores. Precipitation of gypsum, Fe-oxides and clays on seal core samples sequestered dissolved elements including Fe through co-precipitation or adsorption. A conceptual model of impure CO₂-water-rock interactions for a siliciclastic reservoir is discussed.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜区直罗组砂岩中烃类流体特征与铀成矿关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵兴齐  李西得  史清平  刘武生  张字龙  易超  郭强 《地质学报》2016,90(12):3381-3392

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区纳岭沟、大营铀矿床直罗组下段砂岩中139个样品的酸解烃分析,探讨了酸解烃中烃类气体组成特征、成因及来源,并结合该区铀矿地质特征初步分析了烃类流体与砂岩型铀成矿关系。研究结果表明,直罗组下段砂体中CH_4及C_2+含量具有从含矿砂体、灰色砂体、灰绿-绿色砂体逐渐变小的分布特征,表明该区铀成矿与烃类气体关系密切。酸解烃中气体组成特征参数C_1/ΣC、C_1/C_2~+、C_2/iC_4、C_2/C_3、iC_4/nC_4、iC_5/nC_5、ln(C_1/C_2)、ln(C_2/C_3)及δ~(13) C_(CO_2)特征表明,中侏罗统直罗组下段砂岩层中烃类气体为有机成因的油型气,烃类气主要处于成熟—高成熟阶段,是原油裂解气与原油伴生气的混合气。通过气源对比分析认为,直罗组下段砂体中的烃类气主要来源于上三叠统延长组深湖—半深湖相腐泥型烃源岩。这些原油裂解气和原油伴生气的混合气主要沿深大断裂、微裂缝等其他运移通道向上运移到直罗组砂岩中,直罗组下段砂体褪色蚀变(漂白)和绿色蚀变均是深部逸散到该层位中的烃类气体对岩石发生蚀变作用的结果,靠近断裂的直罗组下段褪色蚀变砂岩与绿色蚀变砂岩之间的氧化-还原过渡带是该区砂岩型铀矿找矿的重点方向。  相似文献   

Fluvial to tidal transition in proximal,mixed tide‐influenced and wave‐influenced deltaic deposits: Cretaceous lower Sego Sandstone,Utah, USA          下载免费PDF全文

Marijn van Cappelle  Stephen Stukins  Gary J. Hampson  Howard D. Johnson 《Sedimentology》2016,63(6):1333-1361

Facies models for regressive, tide‐influenced deltaic systems are under‐represented in the literature compared with their fluvial‐dominated and wave‐dominated counterparts. Here, a facies model is presented of the mixed, tide‐influenced and wave‐influenced deltaic strata of the Sego Sandstone, which was deposited in the Western Interior Seaway of North America during the Late Cretaceous. Previous work on the Sego Sandstone has focused on the medial to distal parts of the outcrop belt where tides and waves interact. This study focuses on the proximal outcrop belt, in which fluvial and tidal processes interact. Five facies associations are recognized. Bioturbated mudstones (Facies Association 1) were deposited in an offshore environment and are gradationally overlain by hummocky cross‐stratified sandstones (Facies Association 2) deposited in a wave‐dominated lower shoreface environment. These facies associations are erosionally overlain by tide‐dominated cross‐bedded sandstones (Facies Association 4) interbedded with ripple cross‐laminated heterolithic sandstones (Facies Association 3) and channelized mudstones (Facies Association 5). Palaeocurrent directions derived from cross‐bedding indicate bidirectional currents which are flood‐dominated in the lower part of the studied interval and become increasingly ebb‐directed/fluvial‐directed upward. At the top of the succession, ebb‐dominated/fluvial‐dominated, high relief, narrow channel forms are present, which are interpreted as distributary channels. When distributary channels are abandoned they effectively become estuaries with landward sediment transport and fining trends. These estuaries have sandstones of Facies Association 4 at their mouth and fine landward through heterolithic sandstones of Facies Association 3 to channelized mudstones of Facies Association 5. Therefore, the complex distribution of relatively mud‐rich and sand‐rich deposits in the tide‐dominated part of the lower Sego Sandstone is attributed to the avulsion history of active fluvial distributaries, in response to a subtly expressed allogenic change in sediment supply and relative sea‐level controls and autocyclic delta lobe abandonment.  相似文献   

EH4电导率成像系统在砂岩型铀矿床上的应用研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

伍岳  刘汉彬 《铀矿地质》1998,14(1):32-37

EH4电导率成像系统系联合使用MT和CSAMT的一套电磁测量数据自动采集和处理系统。本文介绍了该系统的测量机制、数据处理以及该系统在寻找砂岩型铀矿床中可能解决的地质问题,并介绍了该系统在云南、内蒙等地已知铀矿床上的应用成果。  相似文献   

Design of a model blasting system to measure peak p-wave stress   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Korichi Talhi  Bachir Bensaker 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2003,23(6):513-519

Literature review information and model scale rock blasting tests have been utilized to study the effects of some blast and fragmentation parameters on peak p-wave stress. A method for modelling scaled blasting in sandstone blocks with dimensions 515×335×215 mm³ has been presented. The dynamic and static properties of the sandstone are given. The results from model blasting experiments instrumented with pressure gauges are discussed. It is also shown there exists a useful correlation between blast, fragmentation parameters and peak p-wave stress.  相似文献   

Preliminary observations on the impact of complex stress histories on sandstone response to salt weathering: laboratory simulations of process combinations     

S. McCabe  B. J. Smith  P. A. Warke 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(2):251-258

Historic sandstone structures carry an inheritance, or a ‘memory’, of past stresses that the stone has undergone since its placement in a façade. This inheritance, which conditions present day performance, may be made up of long-term exposure to a combination of low magnitude background environmental factors (for example, salt weathering, temperature and moisture cycling) and, superimposed upon these, less frequent but potentially high magnitude events or ‘exceptional’ factors (for example, lime rendering, severe frost events, fire). The impact of complex histories on the decay pathways of historic sandstone is not clearly understood, but this paper seeks to improve that understanding through the use of a laboratory ‘process combination’ study. Blocks of quartz sandstone (Peakmoor, from NW England) were divided into subsets that experienced different histories (lime rendering and removal, fire and freeze–thaw cycles in isolation and combination) that reflected the event timeline of a real medieval sandstone monument in NE Ireland, Bonamargy Friary (McCabe et al. 2006b). These subsets were then subject to salt weathering cycles using a 10% salt solution of NaCl and MgSO₄ that represents the ‘every-day’ stress environment of, for example, sandstone structures in coastal, or polluted urban, location. Block response to salt weathering was monitored by collecting, drying and weighing the debris that was released as blocks were immersed in the salt solution at the beginning of each cycle. The results illustrate the complexity of the stone decay system, showing that seemingly small variations in stress history can produce divergent response to salt weathering cycles. Applied to real-world historic sandstone structures, this concept may help to explain the spatial and temporal variability of sandstone response to background environmental factors on a single façade, and encourage conservators to include the role of stress inheritance when selecting and implementing conservation strategies.  相似文献