紫外线和温度对虾快速自溶的影响──水产品快速自溶影响因素探讨之一     

《广东海洋大学学报》1994,(2)

分别探讨了紫外线和温度对享氏仿对虾和斑节对虾快速自溶的影响。结果表明：紫外线和梯度温度都可提高蛋白质的水解率，紫外照射以３０ｍｉｎ效果最佳。梯度温度比非梯度温度水解速度快。  相似文献   

近岸典型养殖海区的潮流垂直结构特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

樊星  魏皓  原野  赵亮 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,39(2)

2006年7月在我国北方典型养殖海域桑沟湾进行现场观测,探讨养殖生物和养殖设施影响下潮流垂直结构的特征.结果显示:①夏季的桑沟湾,大量养殖生物和养殖设施的存在造成了潮流垂直结构中出现了潮流上边界层这一独特现象;②建立1个双阻力模型来描述这个现象,得到湾口北侧海带养殖区的潮流上边界层平均阻力系数-CDS=5.4×10-2和底边界层平均阻力系数-CDB=1.5×10-2;湾中部贝藻兼养区的-CDS=4.9×10-2,-CDB=1.9×10-3,并与同在黄海的自然海区青岛外海做比较;③在半日潮占优的桑沟湾海区,养殖阻力和底应力均具有1/4潮周期特征.在养殖阻力大于底应力的情况下,该海区出现了表层海水先涨/落潮的现象,这与浅海潮流底层海水先涨/落潮的一般规律截然不同.  相似文献   

The impact of shrimp farming effluent on bacterial communities in mangrove waters, Ceará, Brazil     

Sousa OV  Macrae A  Menezes FG  Gomes NC  Vieira RH  Mendonça-Hagler LC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(12):1725-1734

The effects of shrimp farm effluents on bacterial communities in mangroves have been infrequently reported. Classic and molecular biology methods were used to survey bacterial communities from four mangroves systems. Water temperature, salinity, pH, total heterotrophic bacteria and maximum probable numbers of Vibrio spp. were investigated. Genetic profiles of bacterial communities were also characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of eubacterial and Vibrio 16S rDNA using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Highest heterotrophic counts were registered in the mangrove not directly polluted by shrimp farming. The Enterobacteriaceae and Chryseomonas luteola dominated the heterotrophic isolates. Vibrio spp. pathogenic to humans and shrimps were identified. Eubacterial genetic profiles suggest a shared community structure independent of mangrove system. Vibrio genetic profiles were mangrove specific. Neither microbial counts nor genetic profiling revealed a significant decrease in species richness associated with shrimp farm effluent. The complex nature of mangrove ecosystems and their microbial communities is discussed.  相似文献   

苍南沿浦湾浅海养殖区水质质量评价          下载免费PDF全文

柯爱英  黄振华  蔡景波  曾国权  吴越  陈坚  范正利 《应用海洋学学报》2017,36(3):365-371

根据2013~2015年对沿浦湾浅海养殖区的水质进行的监测与分析资料,采用富营养化指数法和有机污染指数法对该海域海水营养状况和有机污染状况进行了评价.结果表明,该养殖区海水的溶解氧(DO)和化学需氧量(COD)含量符合国家二类海水水质标准,超过二类标准的指标为无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(PO_4~(3-)-P)和石油类.该养殖区春、冬两季水质指标超标情况较为明显,春季超标指标为无机氮和石油类,冬季超标指标为无机氮和活性磷酸盐.该养殖区的富营养化程度日趋严重,而有机污染程度总体不高.  相似文献   

近20年来山东半岛东部海水养殖水面的动态变化          下载免费PDF全文

王蒙蒙  李国庆  刘逸洁  杨慧  周越 《应用海洋学学报》2017,36(3):319-326

基于1995、2005、2015年3期遥感影像,在ENVI和Arc GIS软件的支持下,对山东半岛东部近20a来的养殖水面面积及质心变化情况进行了分析,研究结果表明:(1)1995~2015年,养殖水面面积总体呈现增长趋势,共增加425.06 km~2.其中养殖池面积在1995~2015年增加了83.41 km~2,增加的面积主要集中在丁字河口、郝庆口、五垒岛湾、太平湾.在2005~2015年近10 a间养殖池面积呈现明显减少趋势,共减少40.43 km~2,主要集中在五垒岛湾、太平湾.浮筏养殖和网箱养殖在近20a来面积以增加为主,共增加了382.08 km~2,主要集中在套子湾-芝罘湾-金山湾-郝庆口沿海海域,以及乳山口-五垒岛湾-靖海湾等海域.(2)养殖池面积先增加后减少的主要原因是:海鲜市场的大量需求导致1995~2005年养殖池面积迅速增加,由于环境保护以及旅游经济的需要,导致2005~2015年养殖池面积下降;浮筏养殖和网箱养殖面积的持续增加主要受海鲜市场需求及政府政策激励的结果.(3)近20a间,养殖池质心变化不大,共向西南方向偏移9.03 km;浮筏养殖和网箱养殖质心变化较大,共向西南方向偏移了15.24 km,由原来的荣成市偏移到了文登市,浮筏养殖和网箱养殖质心的偏移主要受乳山口、五垒岛湾、靖海湾海域的浮筏养殖和网箱养殖的养殖力度加大的影响.  相似文献   

Residues of selected antibiotics in water and mud from shrimp ponds in mangrove areas in Viet Nam   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Le TX  Munekage Y 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):922-929

In recent years, antibiotics have been used widely in intensive shrimp culture and this may lead to their contamination of the environment. Surveys on residues of trimethoprim (TMP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), norfloxacin (NFXC) and oxolinic acid (OXLA) in water and mud in shrimp ponds in mangrove areas were conducted in the north as well as in south of Viet Nam in July and August, 2002. The results show that these antibiotics are found in all samples in both shrimp ponds and surrounding canals. The highest concentrations of TMP, SMX, NFXC and OXLA are 1.04, 2.39, 6.06, and 2.50 ppm in water samples; and 734.61, 820.49, 2615.96, 426.31 ppm (based on wet mud weight), respectively. The comparison of antibiotics residues between study sites and types of shrimp ponds will be discussed in this paper. The results also suggest that antibiotics residues may cause harmful effect on ecosystems in the study sites.  相似文献   

Relative importance of dissolved and food pathways for lead contamination in shrimp     

Boisson F  Cotret O  Teyssié JL  El-Baradeï M  Fowler SW 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(12):1549-1557

The relative importance of dissolved and food pathways and the influence of food type in the bioaccumulation and retention of lead in the shrimp Palaemonetes varians were examined using a radiotracer method. Shrimp were exposed to ²¹⁰Pb-labelled seawater or fed two types of ²¹⁰Pb-labelled food, viz. mussels or worms. The amount of radiotracer accumulated by shrimp was examined over a 7-day period, followed by a 1-month and a 7-day depuration period for the dissolved and food source, respectively. Steady state in the uptake was reached after 2 days exposure to dissolved lead, with a resultant estimated concentration factor of 98 ± 3. Transfer factors following ingestion of contaminated mussels and worms were lower than unity for both food types, with lead transfer from worms being significantly higher than that from mussels. Accumulation of dissolved Pb by shrimp was found to occur mainly through adsorption on the exoskeleton with a minor accumulation in the internal tissues probably resulting from the intake of seawater for osmoregulation. In contrast, lead taken up from contaminated food was readily absorbed and bound in the internal tissues of P. varians. Although the transfer of lead to P. varians through the ingestion of contaminated food was low (TF < 1%), it still represented 4 to 8% of the lead content in the prey which is a significant additional contribution of lead to the shrimp body burden. Independent of food type, following ingestion of contaminated food, approximately 23–27% of total lead accumulated in shrimp was located in the edible parts (e.g. muscle). Therefore, the food pathway is suggested to be a significant contributor to the lead transfer to humans through ingestion of contaminated shrimp. After exposure to contaminated food, lead loss kinetics were described by a two-component model, whereas Pb loss following direct uptake from seawater was best described by a three-component model. The additional compartment representing 64% of total Pb retained and characterized by a turnover < 10 min, corresponded to lead weakly adsorbed on the exoskeleton and incorporated in the hepatopancreas. Nevertheless, a significant fraction of lead accumulated from the dissolved (2%) and food (52–57%) pathways remained irreversibly retained in the tissues, suggesting that this organism could also serve as an effective long-term bioindicator of lead contamination in marine waters.  相似文献   

卤虫繁殖机制的研究——Ⅰ.卵子发育过程中染色体的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖承义  王立俊 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(4)

本文以卤虫的生殖细胞卵子作为材料进行染色体标本制备,具体研究了卤虫卵子在发育过程中染色体的变化,探讨致使孤雌生殖卤虫染色体自然加倍的可能途径,以及两性生殖卤虫卵子发生受精的具体地点。  相似文献   

乐清湾海水增养殖区环境质量状况及分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚炜民  陈雷 《海洋通报》2007,26(4):116-120

利用2002年至2004年对乐清湾海水增养殖区的海洋环境监测结果,分析和评价了乐清湾海水增养殖区的海洋环境质量状况。结果表明:乐清湾海水增养殖区营养盐超标严重,导致增养殖区整体水质超出四类海水水质标准,与增养殖区应达到的二类海水水质标准不符,影响了增养殖区主导功能的发挥。  相似文献   

虾池浮游植物群落特征及其与虾病的关系   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

郭皓  于占国 《海洋科学》1996,20(1):39-45

１９９１年６月至９月对大连地区３个虾场养殖的中国对虾及虾池浮游植物群落进行了调查，研究了虾池浮植物群落的组成结构、数量分布、演替特征及其与虾病之间的关系。结果表明，虾池浮游植物群落组成和数量分布具有较大的突发性；优势种单一，多为赤潮生物种类，有些种类原本为底栖生物；群落演替时间短，变化快；养殖对虾发病症状为红腿和黄鳃，严重出现死亡。浮游植物的总量尤其是赤潮种类的总量与对虾的发病程度有正相关性；群  相似文献