五种双壳贝类贝壳微观结构观察与成分分析     

莫天宝  徐洪强  何京  董迎辉  林志华 《海洋科学》2022,46(12):41-49

利用扫描电镜技术、X-射线粉末衍射技术和弱酸去钙法, 对菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、厚壳贻贝、泥蚶、缢蛏5种习见海洋经济贝类贝壳的断面微观结构、物相组成、有机基质和蛋白质含量等进行了观察和分析。电镜观察结果显示, 5种贝壳的微观结构主要包含棱柱层和珍珠层; 棱柱层晶体结构有斜棱柱层、球棱柱层、棱柱层、均质层和交错板状层5种类型, 其中缢蛏只有斜棱柱层, 而泥蚶除球棱柱层外, 其他4种晶体类型均存在, 此复杂结构可能与其贝壳强度大有关; 珍珠层晶体结构有珍珠层和肌棱柱层2种类型, 其中厚壳贻贝的珍珠层呈典型的“砖-泥”结构, 具有明显的层状结构, 其余4种贝壳珍珠层均由不规则块状结构组成。X-射线衍射结果显示, 菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、缢蛏和泥蚶4种贝壳都属于文石质壳体, 无机相几乎由文石组成, 而厚壳贻贝属于混合质壳体, 无机相由文石和方解石组成; 贝壳化学成分分析显示, 5种贝壳有机质含量均为3%左右, 而总蛋白含量占有机质的2.98%~7.21%, 其中可溶性蛋白是不可溶蛋白含量的5.55~20.31倍。上述结果为贝壳形成机理的研究积累了基础资料。  相似文献   

南海3种小型砗磲的外壳形态差异分析     

钞琪琪  杨毅  顾志峰  王爱民  L&#;PEZ Violet  刘春胜 《海洋科学》2022,46(10):24-31

本研究对中国南海3种小型砗磲(Tridacnaspp.)[番红砗磲(Tridacnacrocea,包括2种外壳形态)、长砗磲(Tridacna maxima)和诺亚砗磲(Tridacna noae)]的外壳形态性状进行生物统计学差异分析。研究表明,4组砗磲外壳存在显著形态学差异。单因素方差分析发现9个外壳比例性状能够较好区分3种砗磲,且2种不同外壳形态的番红砗磲在壳宽/壳长、足丝孔宽/壳长、壳质量/壳长和左右壳厚比壳长存在显著性差异(P<0.05);在基于欧氏距离Ward法且指定聚类数k=4的条件下,4组砗磲层次聚类效果较好;主成分分析提取3个主成分建立散点图,累计主成分贡献率73.85%,各主成分贡献率依次为50.47%,13.78%和9.60%;线性判别分析得出3个判别函数,方差解释率依次为70.13%、20.97%和8.90%。3种多元统计方法从不同角度解释各组砗磲的外壳形态差异,结果均显示两组番红砗磲的外壳形态更为接近,同时长砗磲与诺亚砗磲的外壳形态较为接近。  相似文献   

海洋来源羽毛降解菌株的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质研究          下载免费PDF全文

张红岩  何瑾  杨梦莹  张妮  王芳  申乃坤 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(2):338-346

微生物降解羽毛既可保护环境又能实现废物的资源化利用,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。本研究从广西钦州港海鸭养殖淤泥筛选获得一株可高效降解羽毛的菌株Gxun-20,通过对该菌株形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列进行分析,以确定菌株的分类,并对菌株产角蛋白酶的条件及酶学性质进行研究。结果表明：该菌为副短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus parabrevis);菌株最适产酶条件为：温度34 ℃,初始pH 6.5,羽毛含量1.5%(质量分数),发酵48 h,角蛋白酶活性可达277.45 U/mL。菌株Gxun-20所分泌的角蛋白酶最适温度为50 ℃,且热稳定性较好,最适pH为7.5;金属离子Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺、Co²⁺、Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺对酶活性有显著抑制作用,而Ca²⁺、Na⁺对酶活性有明显促进作用;金属螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, EDTA)可显著抑制酶的活性,蛋白酶抑制剂苯甲基磺酰氟(pheny methyl sulfonyl fluoride, PMSF)可完全抑制酶活性,表明该蛋白酶的活性中心含有金属离子和丝氨酸;异丙醇可使酶活性提高至129.34%,酶活性在十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS)、吐温40溶液中保持稳定;酶的底物特异性结果表明,该酶对羽毛类β-角蛋白及酪蛋白降解能力较好,而对牛血清蛋白、I型胶原及人发类α 角蛋白降解能力较弱。海洋来源的副短短芽孢杆菌Gxun-20及其所产角蛋白酶在废弃羽毛降解方面具有良好的应用价值。  相似文献   

黄山风景区旅游废弃物生态足迹历时性分析     

施青雨  章锦河  孙枫  王亚如 《世界地理研究》2023,32(1):150-161

历时性旅游废弃物演化规律及生态影响研究是制定旅游地可持续发展战略的基础性工作。以生态足迹理论为基础,利用1979—2018年相关统计资料与团队实地调研数据,对黄山风景区旅游废弃物生态足迹的长时间序列动态变化进行特征研究。结果表明（：1）黄山风景区旅游废弃物生态足迹演变具有明显的阶段性特征,共分为1979—1987年持续上升、1988—1996年小范围浮动式下降、1997—2005年剧烈振荡以及2006—2018年趋于稳定四个阶段。（2）黄山风景区旅游废弃物生态足迹的来源及构成占比随着当地垃圾处理方式及污染防治措施的变化而变化。其中,固体垃圾的足迹占比最多且达到52.18%～97.99%,并从显性与隐性两方面对当地生态环境产生影响。（3）随着黄山风景区旅游经济增长,区域资源利用效益持续升高,环境质量稳定改善,始终处于可持续发展状态。（4）黄山风景区的实践表明成熟的环境管理体制和不断改进的卫生治理措施可将旅游废弃物造成的生态影响控制在一定范围之内,从而为其他山岳型景区可持续发展提供有益参考。  相似文献   

东营市胜利油田工矿废弃地调查与整治潜力分析          下载免费PDF全文

王霖琳  巴玉柱  段存国  刘新艳  巴文庄  张艳秀  李岩 《山东国土资源》2014,30(10)

当前,城市的快速扩张导致建设用地供需矛盾日益突出,油田工矿废弃地整治作为土地综合整治规划的重要组成部分,在建设用地指标转移、有效耕地面积增加、生态环境改善等方面可以起到积极的作用。因此,为查清东营市胜利油田工矿废弃地的复垦利用潜力,首先对石油开采对土地利用的影响进行了综述,在此基础上确定了胜利油田工矿废弃地的基本类型,进而对工矿废弃地的现状进行了调查,依据废弃地所在区域的规划用途、灌溉条件、排水条件,盐碱程度、区位条件进行了潜力分区和测算,最终获得了东营市胜利油田工矿废弃地潜力测算的相关数据,可以为该区域工矿废弃地的整治及建设用地、耕地指标的流转与保护提供参考依据。  相似文献   

A Numerical Verification of Self-Similar Multiplicative Theory for Small-Scale Atmospheric Turbulent Convection          下载免费PDF全文

SONG Zong-Peng  HU Fei  LIU Yu-Jue  CHENG Xue-Ling  LIU Lei  XU Jing-Jing 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(2):98-102

The self-similar multiplicative theory（SSM theory）, aims to interpret the scaling behavior of the temperature structure function. In the present paper, the author report results from a numerical simulation of atmospheric turbulent convection in order to verify this theory. The simulation was based on a shell model which was deduced from simplified atmospheric convection equations. The numerical results agreed well with the theory prediction of scaling law from the first order to the eighth order. They also showed that the prediction of this theory was better than that given by the Kolmogorov＇s theory in 1941, log-normal, and β model theories.  相似文献   

宁南弧形构造带甘肃大沟—内蒙古乱井中上地壳电性结构          下载免费PDF全文

闵刚  程建华尹秉喜蔡学林夏时斌 《中国地质》2014,41(5):1464-1475

利用大地电磁探测方法在宁南弧形构造带内蒙古乱井—甘肃大沟段进行了中上地壳电性结构特征研究,通过二维反演获得了研究区的电性结构模型,模型清楚揭示出了该区典型的电性结构特征:(1)中上地壳电性结构整体表现为"碎块状"的构造特征,其中走廊构造带总体表现为相对低阻,北祁连碰撞造山带总体表现为相对高阻;(2)海原地震震源区的震源断裂所反映的低阻带构造样式既不像走滑断裂那样陡峭,也不像逆冲断裂那样平缓,而是兼具走滑与逆冲断裂带的双重特征;(3)研究区壳内低阻层呈现不连续分布,总体表现为南深北浅的构造样式,一般都终止于高阻地块边缘或与逆冲推覆构造的滑脱面相交汇处;(4)清水河裂褶带内发育的高阻地块可能为晚古生代或早中生代发育在元古宙基底上的古隆起,为该区燕山期构造运动提供了深部大地电磁资料证据。  相似文献   

Effects of parasitism and environment on shell size of the South American intertidal mud snail Heleobia australis (Gastropoda)     

Pilar Alda  Nicolás Bonel  Néstor J. Cazzaniga  Sergio R. Martorelli 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of parasitism and certain environmental factors on the shell size of Heleobia australis (Hydrobiidae, Cochliopinae). We report sporocysts and metacercariae of Microphallus simillimus (Microphallidae, Trematoda) parasitizing the gonad and digestive gland of H. australis specimens from two sites of Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. The prevalence of infection was significantly higher (34.17% in winter and 68.14% in late spring) in snails from the outer estuary at Site 2 than in those from the inner estuary at Site 1 (5.88% and 4.71% respectively). The only known definitive host for this digenean is the white-backed stilt Himantopus melanurus (Recurvirostridae, Aves), most abundant in the estuary during winter. Parasitism by M. simillimus causes variations in the shell dimensions of H. australis, the shells of infected snails being narrower than those of uninfected snails. Snails from Site 2 were found in general to be significantly smaller than those at Site 1, possibly as a result of differences in environmental factors such as the degree of exposure to wave energy, the allocation of energy to reproduction rather than growth (induced by predation and/or parasitic castrators) and anthropogenic stressors.  相似文献   

Analysis of the FEBEX multi‐barrier system including thermoplasticity of unsaturated bentonite     

Fabrice Dupray  Bertrand François  Lyesse Laloui 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(4):399-422

Deep geological repository involving a multibarrier system constitutes one of the most promising options for isolating high‐level radioactive waste from the human environment. To certify the efficiency of waste isolation, it is essential to understand the behaviour of confining geomaterial under a variety of environmental conditions. To this end, results from a near‐to‐real experiment, the full‐scale engineered barriers in situ experiment, are studied by means of a thermo–hydro–mechanical finite element approach, including a consistent thermoplastic constitutive model for unsaturated soils. Laboratory tests are simulated to calibrate model parameters. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with sensor measurements and show the ability of the model to reproduce the main behavioural features of the system. The influence of the hysteretic and temperature‐dependent retention of water on the mechanical response is exhibited. Finally, those results are interpreted in the light of thermoplasticity of unsaturated soils, which reveals the highly coupled and non‐linear characters of the processes encountered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Scattering of elastic wave by a partially sealed cylindrical shell embedded in poroelastic medium     

Liu Gan‐Bin  Xie Kang‐He  Yao Hai‐lin 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(11):1109-1126

Scattering of an elastic wave by a cylindrical shell embedded in poroelastic medium is investigated theoretically with the assumption that the shell material is also a porous elastic medium. The porous medium is modellized via Biot's theory and the scattering by cylindrical shell is expressed by the definition of scattering matrix. The normal mode expansion technique is employed for analysing the scattering field, and the asymptotic solutions of displacements, stresses and pore pressure are derived. Two limiting cases‐scattering by a poroelastic cylinder in Biot medium and a elastic cylindrical shell in elastic medium are obtained from the general solutions. The dispersion curves of displacement amplitude at the interface of shell and medium is compared with the case of elastic shell. The scattering amplitude associated with the fast, slow and transverse waves are identified by numerical simulation. Furthermore, the influence of the poroelastic property of shell material on scattering amplitude is analysed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献