Bioavailability and Interaction of Si and P in a Coastal Saline Soil Amended with Pig Slurry     

Zhaoliang Song  Shengdao Shan  Zheyue Song 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(3):212-218

The effects of widely applied organic waste amendment on soil Si and P bioavailability and their interaction have rarely been investigated. The study examined bioavailability and interaction of Si and P in response to pig slurry (PS) amendment in a coastal saline (CS) soil. The final purposes of the study are to assess fertilizer Si and P needs and to ensure environmental quality. The results show that PS amendment can cause accumulation of bioavailable Si in surface soil (0–20 cm), and significantly improve both soil bioavailable P content and soil P lability through PS‐Si and P input, and by the input of PS‐organic matter (OM) and enhancing the complexation of OM with soil Si and P. As a result of the Si‐P competitive sorption, Si shows a more rapid increase in bioavailability than P at the preliminary stage of PS amendment. However, under the weakly alkaline conditions as a result of relatively long term PS amendment, the fixation capacity of Si by soil solid components increases causing a rapider decline of Si bioavailability than that of P.  相似文献   

The annual silica cycle of the North Pacific subtropical gyre     

Mark A. Brzezinski  Jeffrey W. KrauseMatthew J. Church  David M. KarlBinglin Li  Janice L. JonesBrett Updyke 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(10):988-1001

Silica cycling in the upper 175 m of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre was examined over a two year period (January 2008-December 2009) at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) station ALOHA. Silicic acid concentrations in surface waters ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 ??M, exhibiting no clear seasonal trends. Biogenic silica concentrations and silica production rates increased by an order of magnitude each summer following stratification of the upper 50 m reaching values of 157 nmol Si L⁻¹ and 81 nmol Si L⁻¹ d⁻¹, in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Sea surface height anomalies together with analyses of variability in isothermal surfaces at 150-175 m indicated that the summer periods of elevated biogenic silica were associated with anticyclonic mesoscale features during both years. Lithogenic silica concentrations increased in the spring during the known period of maximum atmospheric dust concentrations with maximum values of 36 nmol Si L⁻¹ in the upper 10 m. Dust deposition would enhance levels of dissolved iron in surface waters, but there was no response of diatom biomass or silica production to increases in near-surface ocean lithogenic silica concentrations suggesting iron sufficiency of diatom silica production rates.Low ambient silicic acid concentrations restricted silica production rates to an average of 43% of maximum potential rates. Si sufficiency only occurred during the summer period when diatom biomass was elevated suggesting that bloom diatoms are adapted to exploit low silicic acid concentrations. Annual silica production at HOT is estimated to be 63 mmol Si m⁻² a⁻¹ with summer blooms contributing 29% of the annual total. Diatoms are estimated to account for 3-7% of total phytoplankton primary productivity, but 9-20% of organic carbon export confirming past suggestions that diatoms are relatively minor contributors to primary productivity and autotrophic biomass, but important contributors to new and export production in oligotrophic open-ocean ecosystems.Annual silica production at HOT is nearly 4-fold lower than estimates at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site in the Sargasso Sea from the 1990s, but annual silica export at the base of the euphotic zone is similar between the two gyres indicating very different balances between silica production and its loss in surface waters. On a relative basis, BATS is a more productive system with respect to silica, where biogenic silica is recycled with high efficiency in surface waters; in contrast the NPSG is a lower productivity system with respect to silica, but where lower recycling efficiency leads to a much higher fraction of new silica production. The two gyres show contrasting long-term trends in diatom biomass as biogenic silica concentrations at HOT have been increasing since 1997, but they have been decreasing at BATS suggesting very different forcing of decadal trends in the contribution of diatoms in carbon cycling between these gyres. Combining the data from both gyres indicates that globally subtropical gyres produce 13 Tmol Si a⁻¹, which is only 51% of previous estimates reducing the contribution of subtropical gyres to 5-7% of global annual marine silica production.  相似文献   

Si含量对镍基合金氧化保护膜影响机制的研究     

初蕾  刘英才  梁丹维  尹衍升  王昕 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z1):291-294

本文对镍基合金中Si在弱氧化环境下表面氧化成膜特性进行了研究。利用XRD、SEM、EDS等检测手段对试样进行了检测分析,结果发现:合金表面氧化膜的形成动力学对镍基合金的Si含量非常敏感。当合金元素Si的含量较高时,由于连续的非晶SiO2膜在表层氧化铬与奥氏体基体之间的富集阻碍了Cr离子的向外扩散,导致在奥氏体区之上形成了较薄的氧化铬膜;共晶组织区域由于不会形成连续的SiO2非晶膜,仍然可以作为Cr离子的快速扩散通道,使得在该组织区域形成大量的脊状氧化物。奥氏体组织之上的氧化膜厚度与基体的Si含量成反比。  相似文献   

Petrological and Geochemical Constraints on the Protoliths of Serpentine‐Magnetite Ores in the Zhaoanzhuang Iron Deposit,Southern North China Craton     

MENG Jie  LI Houmin  LI Lixing  SANTOSH M.  SONG Zhe  YANG Xiuqing 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):627-665

The uncommon Mg-rich and Ti-poor Zhaoanzhuang serpentine-magnetite ores within Taihua Group of the North China Craton(NCC) remain unclear whether the protolith was sourced from ultramafic rocks or chemical sedimentary sequences. Here we present integrated petrographic and geochemical studies to characterize the protoliths and to gain insights on the ore-forming processes. Iron ores mainly contain low-Ti magnetite(TiO_2 ~0.1 wt%) and serpentine(Mg#=92.42–96.55), as well as residual olivine(Fo=89–90), orthopyroxene(En=89–90) and hornblende. Magnetite in the iron ores shows lower Al, Sc, Ti, Cr, Zn relative to that from ultramafic Fe-Ti-V iron ores, but similar to that from metamorphic chemical sedimentary iron deposit. In addition, interstitial minerals of dolomite, calcite, apatite and anhydrite are intergrown with magnetite and serpentine, revealing they were metamorphic, but not magmatic or late hydrothermal minerals. Wall rocks principally contain magnesian silicates of olivine(Fo=83–87), orthopyroxene(En=82–86), humite(Mg#=82–84) and hornblende [XMg=0.87–0.96]. Dolomite, apatite and anhydrite together with minor magnetite, thorianite(Th-rich oxide) and monazite(LREE-rich phosphate) are often seen as relicts or inclusions within magnesian silicates in the wall rocks, revealing that they were primary or earlier metamorphic minerals than magnesian silicates. And olivine exists as subhedral interstitial texture between hornblende, which shows later formation of olivine than hornblende and does not conform with sequence of magmatic crystallization. All these mineralogical features thus bias towards their metamorphic, rather than magmatic origin. The dominant chemical components of the iron ores are SiO_2(4.77–25.23 wt%), Fe_2O_3 T(32.9–80.39 wt%) and MgO(5.72–27.17 wt%) and uniformly, those of the wall rocks are also SiO_2(16.34–48.72 wt%), Mg O(16.71–33.97 wt%) and Fe_2O_3 T(6.98–30.92 wt%). The striking high Fe-Mg-Si contents reveal that protolith of the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit was more likely to be chemical sedimentary rocks. The distinct high-Mg feature and presence of abundant anhydrite possibly indicate it primarily precipitated in a confined seawater basin under an evaporitic environment. Besides, higher contents of Al, Ti, P, Th, U, Pb, REE relative to other Precambrian iron-rich chemical precipitates(BIF) suggest some clastic terrestrial materials were probably input. As a result, we think the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit had experienced the initial Fe-Mg-Si marine precipitation, followed by further Mg enrichment through marine evaporated process, subsequent high-grade metamorphism and late-stage hydrothermal fluid modification.  相似文献   

论地幔流体参与大水金矿成矿的可能性          下载免费PDF全文

代文军  陈耀宇 《甘肃地质》2014,23(4):13-22

通过对大水金矿时空分布及元素地球化学特征的分析研究,探讨了地幔流体参与大水金矿床成矿的可能性。大水金矿属于川甘陕＂金三角＂矿集区的一个组成部分,在时空分布上受深大断裂、壳幔混合源岩浆岩的控制,是西秦岭地区勘查发现的大型金矿床之一。研究表明,矿石及贯穿于整个成矿过程中的方解石脉的稀土配分模式总体具相对富集轻稀土的特征。流体包裹体显微测温显示矿床的成矿温度范围为105℃-400℃。包裹体（方解石）气相成分主要为CO2和H2O,液相成分中阳离子以K^＋为主,Na^＋次之;阴离子以SO4^2-为主,Cl^-次之。矿物黄铁矿的δ^34S为-1.8‰-＋4.1‰,平均值＋2.4‰,反映成矿流体中硫部分来源于地幔。热液方解石的碳、氢、氧同位素组成反映成矿流体既有来自地幔的流体,也有来自岩浆岩、地层的流体,还有明显大气降水的加入。硅化灰岩矿石及硅质岩矿石的硅同位素组成具深部或岩浆热液和热水来源的特点,其氧同位素组成具火成石英来源的特点。矿石铅与矿区岩石铅（灰岩和脉岩）的铅同位素组成比较相近,在铅同位素构造模式图及Δγ-Δβ成因分类图解中,铅属壳幔混合铅。综上可知,矿床在成矿作用过程中存在地幔流体活动。  相似文献   

辽宁鞍本地区沉积变质型富铁矿的成因：Fe、Si、O、S同位素证据   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李延河  张增杰  侯可军  段超  万德芳  胡古月 《地质学报》2014,88(12):2351-2372

辽宁鞍本地区是我国最重要的鞍山式沉积变质型(BIF)铁矿矿集区,弓长岭铁矿是我国唯一的由鞍山式贫铁矿经后期热液改造形成的大型磁铁富矿.本文在前人工作基础上,对比研究了鞍本地区贫铁矿、富铁矿和蚀变围岩的铁、硅、氧、硫同位素组成特征和空间变化规律,结合磁铁富矿的地质特征,对成矿流体的性质、来源、成矿作用和富矿成矿机制提出了新的认识.指出鞍本地区富铁矿的成矿作用与辽东地区古元古代造山运动结束后(1.85 Ga)地壳抬升引发的非造山岩浆侵入和热液活动有关,成矿溶液由大气降水演化形成,而非变质热液或混合岩化热液;成矿溶液淋滤了辽河群蒸发盐地层中富13C碳酸盐、富34S石膏、CH4等成矿物质,成矿溶液具偏酸性弱还原特征;铁质活化再富集是鞍本地区富铁矿形成的重要机制,成矿溶液与贫铁矿及围岩反应使铁质以Fe2+形式活化迁移.温度降低、氧逸度升高或与大气降水混合是溶液中Fe2+氧化形成磁铁矿沉淀的主要原因;在Fe2+被氧化形成磁铁矿的同时,成矿溶液中的CH4被氧化形成石墨,与磁铁矿一起沉淀下来,形成含石墨磁铁富矿;溶液中SO42-被还原形成富34S黄铁矿.  相似文献   

钠、硅及钠硅互作提高梭梭抗旱性的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

康建军  王锁民  杨自辉 《中国沙漠》2012,32(3):793-800

采用盆栽试验,施用不同浓度NaCl、H2SiO3及NaCl＋H2SiO3对培育梭梭（Haloxylon a mmodendron）的生长、生理变化及抗逆性方面进行了研究。结果表明,0.3 g·kg-1 NaCl、0.2 g·kg-1 H2SiO3或0.3 g·kg-1 NaCl+0.1 g·kg-1 H2SiO3互作施用均能显著促进梭梭的生长并提高其抗旱性。单施NaCl时,0.3 g·kg-1 NaCl处理培育的梭梭株高、冠幅和鲜重与对照相比分别增加了42%、91%和62%,其主茎直径、主根直径和主根长分别增加了40%、39%和23%。单施H2SiO3时,0.2 g·kg-1 H2SiO3处理培育的梭梭株高、冠幅、鲜重与对照相比分别增加了36%、45%和27%,其主茎直径、主根直径和主根长分别增加了23%、23%和20%。与施用0.3 g·kg-1 NaCl处理相比,0.3 g·kg-1 NaCl+0.1 g·kg-1 H2SiO3互作处理梭梭株高、冠幅、鲜重和主根长分别增加了9%、10%、17%和12%;与施用0.1 g·kg-1 H2SiO3处理相比,0.3 g·kg-1 NaCl+0.1 g·kg-1 H2SiO3互作处理梭梭株高、冠幅和鲜重分别增加了28%、76%和68%,其主茎直径、主根直径和主根长分别增加了30%、32%和27%。这表明适量水平的NaCl+H2SiO3互作施用要比单独施用NaCl或H2SiO3能更有效地促进梭梭的生长并提高其抗旱性。  相似文献   

An X-ray excited optical luminescence study of a zoned quartz crystal from an emerald-bearing quartz vein,Hiddenite, North Carolina,USA     

Astrid Jürgensen  Alan J. Anderson  Tsun-Kong Sham 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2009,36(4):207-216

The optical luminescence excited with synchrotron radiation along a preferential orientation of a quartz crystal has been investigated. It is found that the crystal is composed of two distinct regions, only one of which luminesces upon X-ray excitation. This luminescence is generally uniform and exhibits emission bands in the blue (470 nm with a shoulder at 522 nm) and in the UV (340 nm) regions of the spectrum. The branching ratio for the intensity of these bands is sensitive to the excitation energy across the Si K-edge. XANES spectra collected by partial luminescence yield (PLY) suggest that both emission bands originate from the de-excitation of Si atoms in the quartz. The possible defect sites within the crystal structure that could account for the observed luminescence are investigated and discussed. Additional experiments are proposed to verify this assignment of the optical emission bands.  相似文献   

闽西南马坑式铁矿成矿结构面特征及找矿意义     

王森  张达  吴淦国  易锦俊  李兴俭  宇腾达  白昱  高孝巧 《地质力学学报》2018,24(2):199-211

马坑式铁矿位于闽西南晚古生代坳陷盆地内,是福建省境内最主要的矽卡岩型铁-多金属矿床。矿体主要受岩性界面及构造结构面控制,尤以硅钙面控矿作用显著。马坑式铁矿主矿体定位于林地组（C₁l）石英砂岩与经畲—栖霞组（C₂j—P₂q）碳酸盐岩的岩性界面（硅钙面）。通过对马坑式铁矿硅钙面的基本特征进行分析,划分了五类主要的成矿结构面类型:林地组与经畲组—栖霞组、经畲组—栖霞组与文笔山组、经畲—栖霞组内部碎屑岩与灰岩、经畲组—栖霞组与花岗岩类以及推覆（滑脱）界面。研究认为马坑式铁矿主矿体受不同的物理化学岩性界面（硅钙面）控制,这种界面在构造活动及流体参与过程中容易形成扩容空间,构成成矿地球化学障,有利于成矿物质的沉淀富集。在以上认识基础上,建立了以硅钙面为主要成矿作用标志的马坑式铁矿成矿模式,认为运用硅钙面控矿理论指导闽西南地区找矿预测的具有重要的找矿指导意义。   相似文献   

Heating-induced phase transformation in zeolite brewsterite: new 4- and 5-coordinated (Si,Al) sites     

A. Alberti  M. Sacerdoti  S. Quartieri  G. Vezzalini 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1999,26(3):181-186

The dehydration-rehydration processes and phase transformations of brewsterite (space group P2₁/m, ideal formula (Sr,Ba)Al₂Si₆O₁₆·5H₂O) were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction on two samples heated in an evacuated capillary for 24 h at 280°C and 330°C, respectively, and then cooled to room temperature. After the data collection, the capillary of the crystal heated at 280°C was broken, the sample was kept at room conditions for one month, and diffraction data were recollected. Brewsterite heated in vacuum at 280°C shows a strong decrease of the unit cell volume (about 10%) and the statistical breaking of the T1-O7-T2 bridge of the 4-ring of the 4²5⁴ PBU. T1 cation, in 31% of cases, migrates to a new tetrahedral site, which shares three vertices with the previously occupied one; the fourth vertex is on the mirror plane, and joins two adjacent layers. T2 cation, in 20% of cases, migrates to a new site, which is characterized by a 5-fold coordination. This coordination polyhedron shares three vertices with the previously occupied tetrahedron; the fourth vertex is on the mirror plane, and joins two adjacent layers; the fifth one is unshared. The formation of these new T-O-T bridges prevents the re-expansion and rehydration of the heated brewsterite; as a consequence, the crystal brought back to room conditions does not show any noticeable structural difference with respect to that heated at 280°C. The exchangeable cations, which occupy only one extraframework site in the untreated brewsterite, spread over several sites. The sample heated at 330°C shows a further decrease in the unit cell volume of about 2% with respect to the sample heated at 280°C, and an increase in the migration percentage of T1 and T2 cations to the new sites. Received: 11 November 1997 / Revised, accepted: 26 June 1998  相似文献