黄河三角洲互花米草整治对潮滩湿地防灾功效和沉积动力的影响     

高翔  王柯萌  武国相  梁丙臣  张树岩 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(6):1586-1596

互花米草作为黄河三角洲外来入侵物种, 2010年开始爆发式蔓延, 2020年面积最大时可超6 000 hm²,对潮间带生物多样性造成了严重影响。自2020年起,黄河三角洲自然保护区开始大规模的互花米草整治与盐地碱蓬生态修复工作。互花米草具有较强的消浪、缓流、促淤、固滩能力,短期内、大范围的植被去除,可能导致波流和沉积动力环境的突变。基于现场观测数据和考虑植被作用的浪、流、沙耦合数值模型,研究分析了互花米草整治和盐地碱蓬修复对黄河三角洲湿地动力过程的影响,重点关注风暴作用下黄河三角洲潮滩湿地的防灾减灾能力和沉积效应变化。研究结果表明,互花米草可有效抵御极端风暴潮,最大风暴潮位衰减率可达15 cm/km。互花米草整治将导致湿地防灾减灾能力显著下降,堤前风暴潮峰值可抬升10～30 cm,同时潮间带的泥沙捕集能力大幅下降。受限于植被密度、高度,盐地碱蓬完全修复后湿地衰减风暴潮、捕集泥沙的能力显著低于原互花米草湿地。研究建议,互花米草整治工程应考虑短期内植被去除导致的近岸风暴潮抬升、侵蚀加剧等潜在风险。  相似文献   

A new algorithm for estimating ground elevation and vegetation characteristics in coastal salt marshes from high-resolution UAV-based LiDAR point clouds     

Daniele Pinton  Alberto Canestrelli  Benjamin Wilkinson  Peter Ifju  Andrew Ortega 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(14):3687-3701

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杭州湾南岸互花米草生物海岸表层沉积物粒度分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李加林  杨晓平  童亿勤  张殿发 《地理与地理信息科学》2006,22(4):52-55

互花米草盐沼可显著改变潮滩的水动力条件、沉积特征和地貌演化过程。分析杭州湾南岸互花米草滩内外表层沉积物的粒度特征,互花米草生物海岸沉积物包括粘土质粉砂、粉砂、粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂4类,由东向西各断面草滩内、外沉积物中值粒径逐渐变粗,分选性变好;从低潮滩向高潮滩沉积物的中值粒径Φ值增大,分选性变差。互花米草滩外边界处形成沉积物中值粒径及分选系数的突变点。杭州湾南岸生物海岸表层沉积物以跃移质为主,悬移质次之,推移质最少;由海向岸悬移质、跃移质和推移质均有变细趋势。  相似文献   

Salt Marsh Dieback: An overview of recent events in the US     

Merryl Alber  Erick M. Swenson  Susan C. Adamowicz  Irving A. Mendelssohn 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

This paper provides an overview of the marsh dieback events that have been observed along the east and gulf coasts of the U.S. over the past decade. It is likely that some of the recently reported changes in marsh vegetation were affected by physical or biotic disturbances that are known to generate bare areas, such as overgrazing or wrack smothering. Other areas may be experiencing a state change such as that caused by long-term changes in sea level. However, sites in many areas are not readily explained by these causes and are considered to have experienced “sudden dieback.” In such cases, there are observations that the above-ground plant material thinned or browned or, in some cases, failed to re-emerge in the spring; the dieback occurred over a period of months and usually affected multiple sites within the area; and there is evidence that these events are transient (through successful transplants or natural regrowth/recovery), although some areas take years to recover. We explored the potential linkage of dieback with drought (as characterized by the Palmer Severity Drought Index), and found that there is evidence for an association in the southeast (GA and SC) and the Gulf (LA), but not in the mid-Atlantic (DE, VA) or northeast (ME, RI, CT). We also review the evidence for potential causes of sudden dieback, including changes in soil chemistry, fungal pathogens, top–down consumer controls, and multiple stressors. There is currently no single explanation that can be applied to recent dieback. We highlight the need for the development of improved diagnostics that will allow us to better classify dieback areas and provide evidence for (or against) potential causes.  相似文献   

互花米草对泉州湾盐沼表层沉积物输运的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王爱军  叶翔  黄财宾  陈坚  李东义 《台湾海峡》2010,29(1):66-72

海岸盐沼是海岸湿地系统的重要组成部分，具有很强的环境调节功能．互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）的引种对海岸盐沼的沉积动力产生很大影响．粒度分析结果表明，互花米草盐沼边缘与沉积物平均粒径为6．7φ的等值线分布一致．现场观测表明，互花米草对流速具有明显的阻滞作用，使得光滩流速明显大于互花米草内的流速；在互花米草滩内，随着离盐沼边缘距离、植被高度、植株直径的不同，涨落潮流速也表现出不同的变化趋势．粒径趋势分析结果显示，互花米草盐沼边缘的表层沉积物由光滩向盐沼内输运，潮水沟的存在对沉积物的输运格局具有显著影响．对比分析表明落潮后期的水动力条件控制着研究区内表层沉积物的净输运方向．  相似文献   

A cellular automata model for population expansion of Spartina alterniflora at Jiuduansha Shoals,Shanghai, China     

Hua-mei Huang  Li-quan ZhangYu-juan Guan  Dong-hui Wang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Biological invasion has received considerable attention recently because of increasing impacts on local ecosystems. Expansion of Spartina alterniflora, a non-native species, on the intertidal mudflats of Jiuduansha Shoals at the Yangtze River Estuary is a prime example of a spatially-structured invasion in a relatively simple habitat, for which strategic control efforts can be modeled and applied. Here, we developed a Cellular Automata (CA) model, in conjunction with Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, to simulate the expanding process of S. alterniflora for a period of 8 years after being introduced to the new shoals, and to study the interactions between spatial pattern and ecosystem processes for the saltmarsh vegetation. The results showed that the CA model could simulate the population dynamics of S. alterniflora and Phragmites australis on the Jiuduansha Shoals successfully. The results strongly support the hypothesis of space pre-emption as well as range expansion with simple advancing wave fronts for these two species. In the Yangtze River Estuary, the native species P. australis shares the same niche with the exotic species S. alterniflora. However, the range expansion rate of P. australis was much slower than that of S. alterniflora. With the accretion of the Jiuduansha Shoals due to the large quantity of sediments deposited by the Yangtze River, a rapid range expansion of S. alterniflora is predicted to last for a long period into future. This study indicated the potential for this approach to provide valuable insights into population and community ecology of invasive species, which could be very important for wetland biodiversity conservation and resource management in the Yangtze River Estuary and other such impacted areas.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamics and Associated Sediment Transport over Coastal Wetlands in Quanzhou Bay, China     

王爱军 《海洋工程》2011,25(1):59-72

Coastal salt marshes represent an important coastal wetland system. In order to understand the differences between boundary layer parameters of vegetated and unvegetated areas, as well as the mechanisms of sediment transport, several electromagnetic current meters (AEM HR, products of Alec Electronics Co. Ltd.) were deployed in coastal wetlands in Quanzhou Bay, China, to measure current velocity. During the low tide phase, the surficial sediment was collected at 10 m intervals. In situ measurements show that the current velocities on the bare flat were much higher than those in the Spartina alterniflora marsh. Current velocity also varied with distance from marsh edge and plant canopy height and diameter. Around 63% of the velocity profiles in the tidal creek can be described by a logarithmic equation. Over the bare flat and Spartina alterniflora marsh, a logarithmic profile almost occurs during the flood tide phase. Sediment analysis shows that mean grain size was 6.7 Φ along the marsh edge, and surface sediments were transported from bare flat to marsh; the tidal creeks may change this sediment transport pattern. The hydrodynamics at early flood tide and late ebb tide phases determined the net transport direction within the study area.  相似文献   

闽江河口湿地互花米草钾元素分布、积累与季节动态   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

章文龙  曾六福  张林海  曾从盛 《地理研究》2011,30(11):2076-2082

选取闽江河口湿地入侵植物互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）为研究对象,测定其各个构件生物量和钾元素含量季节变化,结果表明：互花米草地上部分各个构件钾元素含量从春季到冬季逐渐减少,除夏季外,其余季节绿茎和绿叶钾元素含量显著高于立枯部分（P〈0．05）,花仅出现在秋冬季节,且在秋季钾元素含量达到峰值（8...  相似文献   

浙江省三门湾北部潮滩互花米草遥感研究     

付雅晴  印萍  高飞  刘冬雁  曹轲  田元 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,52(1):134-144

浙江省三门湾地区潮滩互花米草扩散迅速,已成为潮滩主要植被类型,挤占滩涂生态空间,降低海湾纳潮量,引起滩涂淤长和水交换能力下降,互花米草入侵和扩散问题引起当地生态环境和海洋管理部门高度关注。本文利用Landsat和Sentinel-2系列卫星遥感数据,结合无人机摄影测量,对三门湾北部潮滩近20年来互花米草分布和变化进行分析,结果表明,近20年间三门湾北部潮滩互花米草快速扩张,面积由2000年的21.8 km²增加到2017年高峰值为38.6 km²,年扩展面积近1 km²,主要分布在宁海县的一市港、双盘涂、三山涂和象山县的蟹钳港等湾顶潮滩区。2017年后,部分互花米草生长的上部潮滩被改造为海水养殖池,总体上互花米草面积有所下降,到2020年4月份统计的互花米草面积为34.9 km²,但潮滩下部米草扩增趋势仍然持续。扩增主要为沿潮沟两侧及先斑块后连续的特征。高程、人类活动引起的水动力环境改变是互花米草面积变化的主要因素。  相似文献   

互花米草化学治理对天津附近海域水质和沉积物质量的影响     

王红  阚文静  谭晓璇  徐玉山  薄文杰  靳玉丹 《海洋通报》2022,(5)

互花米草作为入侵物种对潮间带滩涂和盐沼具有严重的生态危害,化学方法治理互花米草具有简便、快速、彻底和成本低等特点。但化学药剂存在一定毒性,可能会对周边环境带来一系列不利影响。然而,有关化学治理措施所带来环境影响的研究较少。本文基于2017年8－11月的调查数据,研究了天津市永定河河口附近滩涂互花米草化学治理对附近海域海水水质和潮间带沉积物产生的影响,对调查海域海水水质和沉积物质量进行了评价。调查与评价结果表明,无机氮、活性磷酸盐和化学需氧量（COD）为调查海域主要污染因子,硫化物为潮间带沉积物主要污染因子。施药后特征污染物草甘膦检测值高于本底值,所有站位均未检出磺酰脲类除草剂。综合来看,化学治理对附近海域海洋环境影响较小。  相似文献