蓄水后向家坝库区鱼类物种、分类和功能多样性变化     

熊飞  张伟  翟东东  刘红艳  陈元元  段辛斌  田辉伍  陈大庆 《湖泊科学》2024,36(1):200-212

为了解向家坝水电工程对金沙江下游鱼类多样性的影响,基于2016—2018年邵女坪(库首)、绥江(库中)和桧溪(库尾)3个江段的鱼类群落调查数据,分析了向家坝库区鱼类物种、分类和功能多样性空间格局,结合蓄水前(2011年)和蓄水初期(2015年)的资料,探讨了蓄水后向家坝库区不同维度鱼类多样性的变化趋势。向家坝库区各江段以广适性的瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)和静水性的(Hemiculter leucisculus)占优势,两者的数量百分比分别为30.15%±14.82%和13.91%±11.16%。非度量多维尺度分析显示,蓄水后向家坝库区库首邵女坪和库中绥江鱼类群落差异最小,库首邵女坪和库尾桧溪鱼类群落差异最大;库中绥江在蓄水前、蓄水初期和2016—2018年3个时期的鱼类群落差异均较大,表明蓄水后绥江江段鱼类群落经历了剧烈变化。库区不同江段鱼类Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均表现为:桧溪>邵女坪>绥江,鱼类分类多样性指数和分类差异指数均表现为:桧溪>绥江>邵女坪。库区鱼类摄食、运动和繁殖等不同维度的功能多样性(功能丰富度、功能均匀度、功能离散度)空间格局不同,但总体上库中绥江鱼类功能丰富度最高,功能均匀度最低。与蓄水前相比,绥江江段鱼类物种、分类多样性呈下降趋势,鱼类功能丰富度和均匀度也有下降趋势。蓄水后绥江江段鱼类群落主要功能性状发生了明显变化,如蓄水前以下位口、纺锤形体型鱼类占优势,蓄水后以端位口、侧扁形体型鱼类占优势。不同维度多样性指数侧重于鱼类多样性的不同方面,结合多种指数分析有利于更全面地了解鱼类群落对环境变化和外界干扰的响应。研究结果有助于深入了解水电工程建设对金沙江下游鱼类多样性的影响,为鱼类多样性保护提供依据,也可为长江“十年禁渔”效果评估提供本底资料。  相似文献   

Soil physico-chemical properties affecting the distribution of biological soil crusts along an environmental transect at Zapotitlán drylands, Mexico     

V. Rivera-Aguilar  H. Godínez-Alvarez  R. Moreno-Torres  S. Rodríguez-Zaragoza 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(11):1023-1028

The composition of cyanobacteria, mosses, and lichens of biological soil crusts were correlated with soil characteristics and sun exposure along an environmental transect. The study was conducted in Zapotitlán drylands, a locality within the Tehuacán–Cuicatlán Valley, central Mexico, where a great variety of environments for crust development exist due to landscape fragmentation. Data were analyzed with redundancy and Sorensen analysis. Soil crusts consisted of different combinations of cyanobacteria (7 species), mosses (19 species), and lichens (8 species). The relative frequencies of these groups were positively correlated with soil apparent density and lichens were also positively correlated with soil pH. However, there were no significant correlations with sun exposure.  相似文献   

辽宁沿海湿地生物多样性评价研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

朱京海  刘伟玲  胡远满  王炜 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(1):27-31

辽宁沿海湿地资源对辽宁沿海经济带生物多样性保护具有重要意义。在辽宁沿海经济带战略环评中,根据科学性、代表性和实用性的原则,提出了生物多样性评价的4个指标,即物种丰富度、生态系统类型多样性、物种特有性和外来物种入侵度。建立了沿海湿地生物多样性评价指标体系,并对沿海湿地生物多样性进行了评价。评价结果表明:辽宁沿海6地市及其4个国家级自然保护区的生物多样性丰富。该项研究为辽宁沿海经济带的战略开发决策提供了科学的生物多样性保护措施和建议。  相似文献   

Competition Between Littoral Cladocerans Macrothrix triserialis and Alona rectangula (Cladocera) in Relation to Algal Food Level and Inoculation Density     

S. Nandini  Gloria Muro‐Cruz  S. S. S. Sarma 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2002,30(1):16-23

We studied the relative competitive abilities of littoral cladocerans M.triserialis and A. rectangula using green algal food at two levels (0.5 · 10⁶ and 2 · 10⁶ cells mL⁻¹ of Chlorella) under five different inoculation ratios. Both the cladoceran species were influenced by food availability and mutual competitive pressure. Macrothrix could withstand competition better under conditions of lower food availability while Alona grew better, despite competition, when more Chlorella was available. Population growth rates (r) ranged from 0.022…0.070 for Alona and from 0.024…0.075 for Macrothrix. There was a significant impact of the inoculation ratio on the maximal population density reached by either test species. Food concentration had a significant influence on the peak population density reached only for Alona rectangula. Data on the body sizes of M. triserialis and A. rectangula showed that there was a higher somatic growth with increasing food availability and decreased competitive pressure in both the test species. In Macrothrix, food concentration and the competition from Alona through different initial inoculation densities had a significant impact on the body size. At the lower food concentration, the body size was significantly smaller when the inoculation density was lowest (highest competitive pressure). The body size of Alona, on the other hand, was not affected by the competition but was significantly higher under conditions of greater food availability. These results have been discussed in light of different theories of competition.  相似文献   

UAV for mapping shrubland vegetation: Does fusion of spectral and vertical information derived from a single sensor increase the classification accuracy?     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2019

High quality data on plant species occurrence count among the essential data sources for ecological research and conservation purposes. Ecologically valuable small grain mosaics of heterogeneous shrub and herbaceous formations however pose a challenging environment for creating such species occurrence maps. Remote sensing can be useful for such purposes, it however faces several challenges, especially the need of ultra high spatial resolution (centimeters) data and distinguishing between plant species or genera. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are capable of producing data with sufficient resolution; their use for identification of plant species is however still largely unexplored. A fusion of spectral data with LiDAR-derived vertical information can improve the classification accuracy, such a solution is however costly. A cheaper alternative of vertical data acquisition can be represented by the use of the structure-from-motion photogrammetry (SfM) utilizing the images taken for (multi/hyper)spectral analysis. We investigated the use of such a fusion of UAV-borne multispectral and SfM-derived vertical information acquired from a single sensor for classification of shrubland vegetation at species level and compared its accuracy with that derived from multispectral information only. Multispectral images were acquired using Tetracam Micro-MCA6 camera in the west of Czechia in a shrubland landscape protected within the NATURA 2000 network. Using (i) multispectral imagery only and (ii) multispectral-SfM fusion, we classified the vegetation into six classes representing four woody plant species and two meadow types. Our results prove that the multispectral-SfM fusion performs significantly better than multispectral only (88.2% overall accuracy, 85.2% mean producer’s accuracy and 85.7% mean user’s accuracy for fusion instead of 73.3%, 75.1% and 63.7%, respectively, for multispectral). We concluded that the fusion of multispectral and SfM information acquired from a single UAV sensor is a viable method for shrub species mapping.  相似文献   

样线法在北方基岩性海岛植被调查中的应用效果评价 ——以北长山岛为例          下载免费PDF全文

孙昕雨  张丽婷  张莹  刘祥宇  孙嘉蔚  宋帅 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(9):62-68

植被是海岛生态系统的重要组成部分。由于海岛陆地环境与大陆的差异性，现有的陆域植被调查方法不能完全适用于海岛植被。亟须结合现有成熟的陆地植被调查方法，选取不同类型的海岛，对调查方法中的关键环节进行实地测试，积累数据进行统计分析，以得到适用于海岛特殊地理环境海岛植被调查技术方法。文章针对植被调查中的样线法，以北长山岛两种不同面积的调查区域为例，对比分析不同样线设置方法，明确在该岛屿何种坡向、坡位，何种类型植物群落中设置样线，以及设置多长的样线才能够较为完整地代表该调查区域的植物物种丰富度，同时降低大量的调查时间，最终确定最优的海岛样线设置原则，为海岛植被群落调查中样线的有效选择提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Defining and observing stages of climate-mediated range shifts in marine systems     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

Climate change is transforming the structure of biological communities through the geographic extension and contraction of species’ ranges. Range edges are naturally dynamic, and shifts in the location of range edges occur at different rates and are driven by different mechanisms. This leads to challenges when seeking to generalize responses among taxa and across systems. We focus on warming-related range shifts in marine systems to describe extensions and contractions as stages. Range extensions occur as a sequence of (1) arrival, (2) population increase, and (3) persistence. By contrast, range contractions occur progressively as (1) performance decline, (2) population decrease and (3) local extinction. This stage-based framework can be broadly applied to geographic shifts in any species, life-history stage, or population subset. Ideally the probability of transitioning through progressive range shift stages could be estimated from empirical understanding of the various factors influencing range shift rates. Nevertheless, abundance and occupancy data at the spatial resolution required to quantify range shifts are often unavailable and we suggest the pragmatic solution of considering observations of range shifts within a confidence framework incorporating the type, amount and quality of data. We use case studies to illustrate how diverse evidence sources can be used to stage range extensions and contractions and assign confidence that an observed range shift stage has been reached. We then evaluate the utility of trait-based risk (invasion) and vulnerability (extinction) frameworks for application in a range shift context and find inadequacies, indicating an important area for development. We further consider factors that influence rates of extension and contraction of range edges in marine habitats. Finally, we suggest approaches required to increase our capacity to observe and predict geographic range shifts under climate change.  相似文献   

皖江滩地杨树抑螺防病林下植物多样性分析     

孙银银  王雷宏  黄成林 《湿地科学与管理》2012,8(3):4-7

以时空互代的方法,对皖江段滩地不同林龄的杨树人工林林下植物多样性进行了调查。结果表明:①杨树人工林林下以草本植物为主,居于前4位的优势科分别是菊科(9种)、禾本科(6种)、豆科(5种)、蓼科(5种),优势种以萝藦、菱叶鹿藿、无辣蓼、葎草为主。木本植物有桑科桑树、蔷薇科野蔷薇;②滩地造林后,林下植物的丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数均高于无林滩地上以芦苇为主的群落;③随着人工林林龄的增加,多样性指数表现出了先降低后上升的趋势,3年生的人工林丰富度(S)、多样性指数(D,H′)最高,20年生的人工林均匀度指数最高。滩地造林后植物多样性有一定程度增加,但成林后植物多样性又逐年减少。  相似文献   

What makes a species synurbic?     

Robert A. Francis  Michael A. Chadwick 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):514-521

The term ‘synurbic’ is sometimes used within the more recent urban ecology literature to refer to a species that colonises or is found within urban ecosystems, but this is too simplistic an interpretation. We consider that the term should be reserved for species populations that have higher densities in urban compared to rural areas, as a quantifiable measure of preferential urban association. This paper clarifies the terms ‘synurbic’ and ‘synurbization’ and considers some of the problems of defining ‘urban’, before detailing some of the positive responses exhibited by urban species that may lead to synurbic populations. It may be particularly important to determine whether responses drive directional selection leading to adaptation and genetic differentiation, or are within the range of expected phenotypic plasticity, and observed responses are discussed within this context. Further investigation of species response to urban environments, including the frequency and significance of adaptation, will be important for understanding the emergence of synurbic populations and their implications for urban biodiversity and management. We hope that the terms defined here will form the basis for comparative studies of urban species.  相似文献   

Use of CART analysis to differentiate pollen of red pine (Pinus resinosa) and jack pine (P. banksiana) in New England     

Andrew M. Barton  Andrea M. Nurse  Sarah W. Hardy 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(1):18-23

The identification of fossil pollen at the generic rather than species level is hampering progress in understanding the biogeography and dynamics of paleo-vegetation. We used CART analysis to facilitate the differentiation of fossil pollen of Pinus banksiana and Pinusresinosa, which are morphologically similar and nearly always combined in paleoecological studies. The CART model, using four of the ten morphological traits measured, exhibited a high level of correct identification for pollen of each of the species and shows promise as a tool for increasing the detail of paleoecological records and inferences.  相似文献