An optimized use of limited ground based topographic data for river applications     

Mohamed Jaballah  Benoit Camenen  André Paquier  Magali Jodeau 《国际泥沙研究》2019,34(3):216-225

A prime requirement for hydrological applications,such as sediment budgeting or numerical modelling,is that produced Digital Terrain Models(DTMs)accurately represent the shape of landforms,especially for river reaches where data are not homogeneous.DTM error is a function of data point measurement accuracy and density and also of the field survey strategy when limited amounts of data will be acquired.This paper aims to advance the importance of the field survey strategy for the specific,but common cases,where only limited topographic data will be available.This methodology is based on the idea that any feature can be properly described by a set of cross sections and breaklines describing both main and secondary directions of the flow.Then,a longitudinal linear interpolation can be applied to the defined homogeneous zones.This morphologically oriented(MO)method that includes data acquisition strategy and interpolation,was validated using a reference DTM derived from LiDAR measurements.An estimation of the uncertainties also is suggested based on the distance of the nearest point and the local slope using a geographically weighted regression.The proposed MO method is typically applicable to Alpine river reaches characterized by multiple channels that may always be underwater and not navigable such as an alternate bar system with secondary and transverse channels.  相似文献   

基于地缘影响力模型的大国地缘政治博弈——以钓鱼岛问题背景下的中美博弈为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘大庆  李长军  张宏  顾雨濛  刘海涛  陈姮 《地理科学》2019,39(10):1663-1671

大国地缘政治博弈事关国家安全,影响世界格局。通过对地理要素的综合考量构建了地缘影响力模型,并基于博弈论建立了钓鱼岛问题大国地缘政治博弈树,对中美博弈过程进行了分析。最后针对钓鱼岛问题4种博弈走势提出了战略应对参考建议。研究结果表明：①在中国大陆主导时,各国保持合作将共赢,一旦动武,若美俄地缘战略决策指数不高,形势对中国大陆不利。②当美国地缘战略决策指数较小,俄罗斯较大时,是解决钓鱼岛问题的战略良机。③中国台湾是中国解决钓鱼岛问题的重要影响因素,要灵活把握与处理。④ 在4种战略博弈形势下,均存在中美战略博弈的纳什均衡,但美国、日本和中国台湾有一定概率铤而走险,要保持警惕并做好战略应对。⑤ 博弈分析结果较为客观的反映了钓鱼岛问题的多种战略走向,并与当前相关大国关于钓鱼岛问题的战略基本吻合,印证了地缘影响力模型对地理要素量化的可行性以及大国地缘政治博弈分析方法的合理性。  相似文献   

Potential of texture from SAR tomographic images for forest aboveground biomass estimation     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) texture has been demonstrated to have the potential to improve forest biomass estimation using backscatter. However, forests are 3D objects with a vertical structure. The strong penetration of SAR signals means that each pixel contains the contributions of all the scatterers inside the forest canopy, especially for the P-band. Consequently, the traditional texture derived from SAR images is affected by forest vertical heterogeneity, although the influence on texture-based biomass estimation has not yet been explicitly explored. To separate and explore the influence of forest vertical heterogeneity, we introduced the SAR tomography technique into the traditional texture analysis, aiming to explore whether TomoSAR could improve the performance of texture-based aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation and whether texture plus tomographic backscatter could further improve the TomoSAR-based AGB estimation. Based on the P-band TomoSAR dataset from TropiSAR 2009 at two different sites, the results show that ground backscatter variance dominated the texture features of the original SAR image and reduced the biomass estimation accuracy. The texture from upper vegetation layers presented a stronger correlation with forest biomass. Texture successfully improved tomographic backscatter-based biomass estimation, and the texture from upper vegetation layers made AGB models much more transferable between different sites. In addition, the correlation between texture indices varied greatly among different tomographic heights. The texture from the 10 to 30 m layers was able to provide more independent information than the other layers and the original images, which helped to improve the backscatter-based AGB estimation.  相似文献   

Multispectral radiometric characterization of coffee rust epidemic in different irrigation management systems     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br.) is one of the most prominent diseases in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and causes serious damage to the crop. The pathogen incubation period may be long for about 30 days and 10% incidence of rust may result in 3 times more disease few days after the signals of rust appear in the leaves, even in the absence of new infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of coffee crop monitoring under different irrigation systems by orbital radiometry, exploring the spectral signature and spectral, spatial and temporal pattern of rust incidence in the coffee field. The study was carried out in four areas of coffee plantations in Carmo do Rio Claro, Minas Geris, Brazil, between August 2012 and December 2014, under self-propelled, drip, center pivot irrigation systems and rainfed system. Fifteen Landsat-7/ETM + and Landsat-8/OLI-TIRS images were used, trying to establish a better sequence of images between in situ data of rust incidence in the coffee leaves and coffee leaf growth evaluated by sample meshes in the field along the time. Space-time disease incidence distribution maps, Pearson correlation and reflectance spectral signatures were used to evaluate coffee rust progress in the different irrigation fields. The highest coffee rust incidence occurred in August and corresponded to the values of lower NIR reflectance for all evaluated areas, independently of the irrigation management system. In the visible, SWIR-1 and SWIR-2 spectral regions, there were higher reflectance values in the rainfed area when compared to irrigated areas in rainy periods. There was a greater spectral and temporal variation of rust in the center pivot irrigation system when compared to the other irrigation management systems, presenting high values ​​of average incidence of rust above 30% in the periods close to the harvest period, from June to August 2013 and 2014. The high incidence of rust associated with coffee fruit harvest probably led to a reduction in plant leaf growth in center pivot and rainfed fields. There was a negative correlation between near infrared and rust in the self-propelled and center pivot management systems. High coffee rust incidence values mainly in center pivot and rainfed coffee fields determined reduction in the average reflectance of NIR and green and increase reflectance in red, SWIR-1 and SWIR-2 when compared to periods with lower rust in the coffee fields.  相似文献   

基于人工神经网络的台风浪高快速计算方法     

周水华  洪晓  梁昌霞  江丽芳 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(4):25-33

采用2010—2017年南海5个浮标波高观测资料和中国气象局热带气旋最佳路径集中的热带气旋参数, 基于前馈型误差反向传播(Forward Feedback Back Propagation, FFBP)神经网络(Artificial Neural Network, ANN)方法, 分别建立了各浮标站的台风浪高快速计算模型。研究显示, 基于热带气旋中心坐标、中心最低气压、近中心最大风速、热带气旋中心与浮标之间的距离和方位4个参数建立的神经网络模型经反复训练后, 模型输出结果可以很好地拟合观测数据, 各浮标有效波高计算值与观测值的均方根误差小于0.3m, 平均相对误差为5.78%~7.23%, 相关系数大于0.9, 属高度相关。独立测试结果显示, “山竹”( 国际编号: 1822)影响期间有效波高最大值的神经网络模型预报结果与观测值基本吻合, 相对误差为-31.06%~0.98%, 但计算的最大值出现时间和观测情况不完全一致。该计算方法可应用于热带气旋影响期间的有效波高最大值计算, 因而在海洋工程领域和海洋预报领域具有应用前景。  相似文献   

1979-2018年间山东半岛沿海台风浪危险性分布的数值模拟研究     

王宁  侯一筠  李水清  莫冬雪  刘泽  李健 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(4):861-868

台风浪灾害在山东半岛沿海时常发生,对人类生命财产和基础设施构成很大威胁,因此,对山东半岛海域台风浪的危险性分析具有重要的现实意义。本研究使用ADCIRC+SWAN耦合数值模式采用Holland模型风场与NCEP再分析风场组合的风场驱动,对1979—2018年36次台风过境期间的海浪过程进行了模拟。以台风过境时最大有效波高及历时频数作为危险性评价指标,给出了山东半岛近岸台风浪强度等级分布、历时频数分布以及危险性指数分布。研究结果显示,山东半岛北部为台风浪低危险区,台风浪强度等级低且历时短;南部二级强度（有效波高范围为1.3—2.5m）以上台风浪发生较为频繁,危险性高于北部;东部台风浪强度可以达到四级（有效波高4m以上）,危险性最高。  相似文献   

Effect of reciprocating and unidirectional airflow on primary conversion of a pentagonal Backward Bent Duct Buoy     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

An Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device can output energy through reciprocating or unidirectional airflow. The unidirectional airflow is helpful to utilize a simple and high-efficiency unidirectional air turbine. The pentagonal BBDB proposed by us based on OWC principle can be regarded as a floating Oscillating Body and its Power Take-Off (PTO) consists of a chamber, a water column, a turbine and a generator. The Capture Width Ratio (CWR) of the pentagonal BBDB model with the reciprocating and unidirectional airflow was studied in this paper. The wave flume test results indicate the mean CWR of the pentagonal BBDB model with reciprocating airflow can reach up to 121.91% and the mean CWR of the model with unidirectional airflow could reach 100.94% during the whole wave cycle in regular waves. For irregular waves, the mean CWR of the model with the unidirectional airflow is as high as 62.83% during the whole wave cycle. Hopefully, the combination of the pentagonal BBDB with the check valve to output power during the air exhalation and conventional high-efficiency unidirectional turbine will improve the total efficiency of the BBDB.  相似文献   

Rogue waves during Typhoon Trami in the East China Sea     

JIANG Xingjie  GUAN Changlong  WANG Daolong 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(6):1817-1836

As concluded from physical theory and laboratory experiment,it is widely accepted that nonlinearities of sea state play an important role in the formation of rogue waves;however,the sea states and corresponding nonlinearities of real-world rogue wave events remain poorly understood.Three rogue waves were recorded by a directional buoy located in the East China Sea during Typhoon Trami in August 2013.This study used the WAVEWATCHⅢmodel to simulate the sea state conditions pertaining to when and where those rogue waves were observed,based on which a comprehensive and full-scale analysis was performed.From the perspectives of wind and wave fields,wave system tracking,High-Order Spectral method simulation,and some characteristic sea state parameters,we concluded that the rogue waves occurred in sea states dominated by second-order nonlinearities.Moreover,third-order modulational instabilities were suppressed in these events because of the developed or fully developed sea state determined by the typhoon wave system.The method adopted in this study can provide comprehensive and full-scale analysis of rogue waves in the real world.The case studied in this paper is not considered unique,and rules could be found and confirmed in relation to other typhoon sea states through the application of our proposed method.  相似文献   

资源三号卫星影像无控制区域网平差   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

孙钰珊  张力  许彪  张勇 《遥感学报》2019,23(2):205-214

国产高分辨率光学卫星影像的无地面控制精准定位是实现境外大范围区域或大规模遥感应用和中小比例尺测图的前提。针对资源三号卫星(ZY-3)影像的几何特点,以航空摄影测量中约束问题最优化方法"交替趋近法"和基于RFM的最小二乘平差为基础,提出了一种易于并行化、高效的高分辨率光学卫星影像无控制联合区域网平差方法GISIBA(GCP-Independent Satellite Imagery Block Adjustment),通过构建"平均值"虚拟控制点来解决无控制区域网平差中的"秩亏"问题,便于分析无控制区域网平差结果与影像数据的覆盖次数及时相之间的关系。首先,交替趋近法被用来实现并行处理平台基础上的待平差未知数初值的解算、中等尺度以上粗差的自动检测与剔除,并根据计算结果赋予所有未知数一定的先验权值;然后,通过最小二乘法实现大型法方程矩阵的解算,获得满足高精度影像产品生产制作需求的高精度定向参数;最后,利用多组典型区域的ZY-3影像数据试验验证了该方法的精度和实际性能。结果表明,无控制区域网平差达到了优于6.0 m/5.0 m的平面/高程精度,所提方法为全球地理信息资源建设工程、国产光学卫星影像高精度影像产品生产提供了技术保障。  相似文献   

线性光谱混合模型的适用观测尺度分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

宋江涛  潘军  邢立新  蒋立军  孙也涵  张雪峰  仲伟敬  范博文 《遥感学报》2019,23(2):262-279

线性光谱混合模型是目前应用最广泛的光谱混合模型,但由于遥感观测多分辨率的特点,模型的适用性会受到尺度效应的影响。为探索该模型在不同观测尺度下的适用程度,本文从地物辐射原理出发,通过理论推导微面元辐射通量表达式,得出地物辐射通量除了与端元反射率和面积比有关外,也与天顶角存在显著的非线性关系。因此,在线性光谱混合模型和微面元辐射通量的基础上,推导了更具普适性的积分线性光谱混合模型的表达式,再采用数值模拟的方法,计算了两模型的相对差值Δρ,结果表明Δρ的大小仅与探测单元的半瞬时视场角β有关,并通过实测光谱实验对上述推论进行了验证。研究表明,当β13°时,Δρ较小,线性光谱混合模型是积分线性光谱混合模型的一种近似表达形式,β完全可作为确定线性光谱混合模型适用观测尺度的关键依据,并且该模型的适用程度随β的增大而降低。  相似文献