关于岩土工程类比法的研究   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19  

杨志法  尚彦军 《工程地质学报》1997,5(4):299-305

为了提高岩土工程类比法的应用水平, 有必要对工程类比法的理论依据、应用条件、可比性和可比度进行深入研究。本文还提出了可比度的概念和以影响因素分析为基础的可比度确定方法。在若干边坡工程的实际应用说明该方法可行。  相似文献   

菲尔德斯半岛潮间带生态系统中的食物网          下载免费PDF全文

杨宗岱  吴宝铃  黄凤鹏 《极地研究》1992,4(4):68-73

菲尔德斯半岛潮间带食物链是较简单的 ,一般说来在不利环境条件下的生物群落只有很少的消费者和较少的营养级。食物链中主要的生产者是大型底栖藻类 ,主要消费者是腹足类和石鳖 ,棘皮动物中的海胆与海星 ,甲壳动物 ,鱼和海鸟 ,海鸟和鱼占营养级的上层 ,草食软体动物位于中间营养级 ,大量的固着藻类 -叶状藻类、皮壳状藻类构成营养级的底层。观测实验表明 :(1 )海鸟和鱼类减少了草食性软体动物和肉食性螺类的数量 ;(2 )肉食性腹足类减少了草食性软体动物和固着无脊椎动物的数量 ;(3 )草食性软体动物减少了叶状藻类的数量并影响到皮壳状藻类的数量 ,在不清除消费者的实验中 ,皮壳状藻类显示出与其它固着生物竞争空间的优势。作者观察了并在本文中描述了异性底质与消费者对固着生物多样性的影响。壳状藻类在低潮带岩石表面占优势 ,其它的固着生物 (叶状藻类与固着无脊椎动物 )占据洞穴和狭缝。同质岩石表面固着生物的种类与数量低于异质性的岩石表面。清除岩石表面的消费者后叶状藻类与其它固着无脊椎动物的种数就超过皮壳状藻类  相似文献   

An extreme value analysis of the flow of Burbage Brook     

J. H. Barrett 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(3):151-165

An extreme value analysis of the flow of Burbage Brook is carried out by modelling peaks over a high threshold. The aims are to illustrate recently developed statistical techniques and to report on interesting features of the flow of the brook over a 58-year period. Peak flows are found to show marked seasonal variation and a downward trend. Then-year return level is estimated for various values ofn, and the reliability of the estimates is assessed.  相似文献   

12 600 years of lake level changes, changing sills, ephemeral lakes and Niagara Gorge erosion in the Niagara Peninsula and Eastern Lake Erie basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

James W. Pengelly  Keith J. Tinkler  William G. Parkins  Francine M. McCarthy 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1997,17(4):377-402

Over the last 12600 years, lake levels in the eastern Lake Erie basin have fluctuated dramatically, causing major changes in drainage patterns, flooding and draining ephemeral Lake Wainfleet several times and widening and narrowing the Niagara Gorge as the erosive effects of Niagara Falls waxed and waned. The control sill for Lake Erie levels was at first the Fort Erie/Buffalo sill, before the Lyell/Johnson sill in Niagara Falls took over due to isostatic rebound. This sill, in time, was eventually eroded by the recession of Niagara Falls and the Fort Erie/Buffalo sill regained control. The environmental picture is complicated by catastrophic outbursts from glacial Lake Agassiz and Lake Barlow-Ojibway, changes in outlet routes, isostatic rebound and climatic changes over the Great Lakes basins. Today, the flow of water into Lake Erie from the streams and rivers surrounding it only accounts for about 13% of the flow out of it, therefore, the importance of flow from the Upper Great Lakes, specifically the flow from Lake Huron, has a great effect on Lake Erie levels. While the changing control sills, Lyell/Johnson and Buffalo/Fort Erie would affect Lake Erie levels, overall they are mostly input driven by the amount of waters received from the Upper Great Lakes. Since Lake Erie's water level changes are so closely tied to Lake Huron's water level changes we have decided to use names assigned to Lake Huron such as the two Mattawa highstands and three Stanley lowstands rather than inflict a whole new set of names on the public. While the duration of each high and lowstand in Erie and Huron may not always be the same, they always happen within the same time frame. The datum elevations used for Lake Huron (175.8 m) and Lake Erie (173.3 m) are historically recorded averages. The Lake Erie levels proposed in this paper reflect Lake Hurons effects on Lake Erie and the levels occuring at the eastern end of the Erie Basin throughout the last 12600 years. All dates in this paper are uncorrected ¹⁴ C dates unless the date was obtained from shells, then the date has been corrected for hard-water effects. Also, all heights are given as modern day elevations and are not adjusted for isostatic rebound.  相似文献   

数字水准仪在高程控制测量中的应用     

张嵘  梁成武 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(6)

在测绘技术及仪器技术不断提升的同时,基础测绘以及工程测量等对于水准测量的精度要求也越来越高,数字水准仪运用到高程控制测量也具备了实现的可能性。本文针对实际工程中基本设计对测量精度的要求来探讨数字水准仪的测量精度和可靠性。  相似文献   

The influence of local winds and the southern North Sea on the level of the River Thames     

K. R. Thompson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,15(6)

Subtidal changes of the level of the River Thames are examined over the period September–October 1973. Almost 98% of the total subtidal variance can be accounted for by a spatial mode describing uniform changes of level at all tide gauges. This mode is due to changes of the level of the southern North Sea into which the River Thames flows. The remaining 2% of total variance can be almost completely described by a tilting of level. This tilting is partly due to a delay in the response of the river to elevation changes at the mouth and partly to the effect of local wind. The effect of local wind could cause the level at Greenwich to differ from that at Southend by as much as 35 cm.  相似文献   

Water-level fluctuations, emersion regimes, and variations of echinoid populations on a Caribbean reef flat     

John D. Cubit  Donald M. Windsor  Ricardo C. Thompson  Jeff M. Burgett 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1986,22(6)

This paper examines fluctuations in water level over a Caribbean reef flat at Punta Galeta, Panamá. In an analysis of approximately ten years of records, the mean diurnal range of the tides was 24·5 cm and varied <2 cm from year to year. Daily mean water levels varied erratically over a range of approximately 30 cm. Monthly mean water levels fluctuated seasonally over a range of about 10 cm and were consistently higher than those at the regional tidal reference station at Cristóbal. On days with more wave action, water levels at Galeta increased relative to those at Cristóbal, suggesting that waves were ‘pumping’ water onto the reef flat. The monthly mean water levels at the two sites were not correlated, indicating that tidal data from conventional stations in deeper water cannot be extrapolated to reef flats, except as estimates of minimum potential water levels.Most of the reef flat was within 6 cm vertical span just below mean lower low water. The highest elevations within this range were exposed above water level for an average of 918 hours per year, as compared with 144 hours per year at the lowest elevation. Most exposures lasted less than 10 hours, with a modal duration of 3–5 hours; however, exposures longer than 12 hours occurred at nearly all elevations in all years. Exposures of the reef flat were most frequent between February and June and between August and November, a pattern apparently caused by a combination of seasonal oscillations of regional sea levels, the annual pattern of the solstitial tides, and waves generated by seasonal trade winds.The fluctuations in water levels apparently affected the abundances of some species of sea urchins on the reef flat. Populations of Lytechinus variegatus and Diadema antillarum declined or disappeared from the reef flat during seasons of repeated subaerial exposures, but recolonized the habitat in periods of higher water levels. Although they are reported to suffer heavy mortality during emersion, Echinometra lucunter and E. viridis did not exhibit reductions in abundance that were synchronous with the seasonal exposures of the reef flat.  相似文献   

我国苏北建川潮汐盐沼有孔虫垂直分带的发现和特征     

尤坤元  陈才俊  吴小根  施丙文 《海洋学报》2002,24(1):59-64

通过三个断面加密有孔虫表层采样和精确高程测量,发现建川开敞型盐沼存在特征性盐沼有孔虫组合,这些组合与盐沼植被带相应,受高程控制,有明显的垂直分带,垂直带顶面即最高高潮位以上有孔虫突然消失.这个有孔虫垂直分布模式可高精度地恢复古海面(精度最高可达±5cm).该研究为我国高分辨恢复古海面提供了一个地区性的现代有孔虫标尺,同时该工作也填补了国外仅局限于研究隐蔽型海岸盐沼有孔虫垂直分带的不足.  相似文献   

台州湾海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度水平、富集规律及来源   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

江锦花 《海洋通报》2007,26(4):85-90

研究了台州湾海域海水和表层沉积物中15种多环芳烃(PAHs) 的浓度水平,评价了表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集规律,探讨其可能来源.结果表明,表层沉积物中 PAHs 的浓度范围为85.4～167.6 ng / g,平均值为138.62 ng/g,总多环芳烃的最大值是椒江码头.表层沉积物中二环、三环、四环、五环和六环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的百分含量平均值分别为7.8 %,42.1 %,33.3 %,9.6 % 和 7.2 %,三环多环芳烃的含量最高;表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集系数为 532.7～1 068.9,平均值为 807.5,单组分菲的富集系数最高为 122.7,最小的是苯并(a) 芘为 2.7;台州湾表层沉积物中的多环芳烃主要来源于燃煤污染,部分来源于石油烃类物质的直接污染.  相似文献   

海域油气勘查研究程度的优化分析     

王炳玉 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1994,14(4):89-94

本文运用系统论、控制论和信息论是分析解决海域油气的“勘查研究程度”问题，不仅阐述了“勘查研究程度”的本质，而且阐明一些新颖的反映“勘查研究程度”特征的概念。  相似文献