西北太平洋热带气旋和台风活动若干气候问题的研究   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

陈光华  黄荣辉 《地球科学进展》2006,21(6):610-616

热带气旋和台风是严重的突发性自然灾害之一。近20年来，对热带气旋和台风活动的气候学研究成为台风领域的一个重要研究方向，并取得了显著的研究进展。通过对西北太平洋热带气旋和台风活动的季节、年际和年代际时间尺度变化的研究回顾，揭示了造成热带气旋和台风活动不同时间尺度变化的主要影响机制，其中包括低频振荡、季风槽和西传赤道波动、ENSO和QBO现象等，这些系统主要通过改变西北太平洋上空的环流，而影响到西北太平洋热带气旋活动以及登陆我国台风的不同时间尺度变化。还在西北太平洋海域热带气旋和台风活动的气候学研究进展和作者最新的研究成果的基础上，展望了该领域的研究前景，并提出当前此研究领域中一些亟需研究的科学问题，主要包括了季风槽区能量交换、不同海域动力过程、赤道波动演变，以及热带气旋的季节和更长时间尺度的预测。  相似文献   

鄱阳湖流域综合管理的探索   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

胡振鹏 《气象与减灾研究》2006,29(2):1-7

在介绍鄱阳湖流域背景和综合管理机构职能,以及相应地方法规的完善和流域总体发展规划编制的基础上,系统地阐述了近20a来流域综合管理的内容与措施,并就取得的成效进行了科学的分析和研究。研究结果认为,近20a来,尤其是进入21世纪以来,针对鄱阳湖流域生态环境恶化与资源开发利用中存在的问题,江西省积极动员各方面的力量,根据《江西省山江湖开发治理总体规划纲要》要求和“五年发展规划”的具体部署,坚持既要金山银山,更要绿水青山;坚持实施可持续发展战略要注重社会、经济和生态环境协调发展,流域管理要注重系统性和综合性,以及以先进技术为依托、因地制宜、试点先行的科学原则,把流域作为一个互相联系的生态经济系统,以开放促开发,治山、治江、治湖和治穷有机结合,持续开展了大规模的保护环境、治理山水、建设美好江西的山江湖开发治理工程的建设和实践,为流域综合治理和区域可持续发展进行了富有成效的探索,取得了可喜的成效。  相似文献   

中国构造地貌学的回顾与展望   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

史兴民  杜忠潮 《地震工程学报》2006,28(3):280-284

构造地貌学已经从经验科学迅速发展为高技术武装的现代科学。本文在分析相关文献的基础上,论述了构造地貌学的特点、研究内容、研究方法,回顾了在中国的研究进展,最后提出了构造地貌学今后的研究动向。  相似文献   

关于美中基础地理信息产品及其分发模式的思考     

顾纳  周星  刘丽芬  吴剑锋 《北京测绘》2003,(4):6-9

作为当今经济和科技最发达的国家,美国在基础地理信息产品建设和分发服务方面是代表世界最先进水平的国家之一,其丰富的基础地理信息系列产品、优秀的网络分发服务系统、完善的数据共享和更新策略等都值得我们学习和借鉴。本文介绍了美国基础地理信息产品的种类、发展及其分发服务模式,并根据我国的实际情况,在相关方面提出了几点建议。  相似文献   

New evidence for age variation and scale effects of permeabilities of young oceanic crust from borehole thermal and pressure measurements     

Keir Becker  Earl E. Davis 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,210(3-4):499-508

In 1996, long-term sealed-hole hydrological observatories with subseafloor temperature and pressure sensors were installed in four cased holes drilled by the Ocean Drilling Program into sedimented young oceanic crust east of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Data recovered over a year later showed that all four holes displayed temperature profiles indicative of vertical fluid flow immediately prior to their being sealed. Warm water was being produced from basement in two cases, and cool ocean bottom water was being drawn into basement at the others. Linear flow rates of 60–200 m/h were estimated from the perturbation of the temperature profiles relative to undisturbed geothermal gradients at the sites. The pressure differentials driving the flow were also measured at the time of the observatory installations, allowing estimates of permeabilities of the upper crustal sections penetrated by the holes. Estimated permeabilities vary systematically with age, ranging from about 10⁻¹⁰ m² in the youngest site (0.9 Ma) to 10⁻¹² m² in the oldest site (3.6 Ma), confirming an apparent reduction of permeability with age determined with packer experiments at three of the same sites. Combined with other estimates of permeabilities in the same holes using methods with different scales of investigation, the new permeability estimates also provide evidence for a significant scale dependence of permeability in the upper oceanic crust.  相似文献   

The closing of a seaway: ocean water masses and global climate change     

Caroline H. Lear  Yair Rosenthal  James D. Wright 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,210(3-4):425-436

The Late Neogene witnessed various major paleoceanographic changes that culminated in intense Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG). The cause and effects of these changes are still debated. We use a multiproxy approach to determine the relative timing of the closure of the Panama gateway, changes in Atlantic circulation, global cooling and ice sheet growth. Benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca records from a Pacific and an Atlantic Site have been produced and are interpreted in terms of bottom water temperatures. These Mg-temperature records are combined with published benthic δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O and erosion records to reconstruct the flow of proto-North Atlantic Deep Water (proto-NADW) over the past 12 Ma. The results suggest that between 12.5 and 10.5 Ma, and again between about 8.5 and 6 Ma, a nutrient-depleted water mass that was colder (by 1–2°C) and fresher than the intervening deep water mass filled the Atlantic basin. This proto-NADW became warmer (by 1°C) and saltier between 6 and 5 Ma, coincident with the restriction of surface water flow through the Central American Seaway. The Mg-temperature records define a subsequent global cooling trend of 3.5°C between 5 Ma and today. Early NHG in the late Miocene was perhaps related to the formation of the relatively cold, fresh proto-NADW. The formation of the warmer and saltier proto-NADW in the early Pliocene may have initially limited Northern Hemisphere ice growth. However, the increased moisture released at high northern latitudes associated with formation of ‘warm’ proto-NADW, coupled with the global temperature decrease of deep (and hence polar surface) waters, likely helped initiate the intense NHG of the Plio–Pleistocene.  相似文献   

西部大开发战略背景下的地区工业化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾刚  纪慰华 《世界地理研究》2003,12(2):74-78,60

目前，阻碍西部地区工业化的主要问题包括：(1)土地、劳动力、基础设施等要素条件差；(2)离经济核心区距离远；(3)生态保护压力大，产业进入门槛高；(4)所有制结构不太适合市场经济发展的要求；(5)政策等软环境有待进一步改善。西部大开发战略为西部地区工业化提供了历史性机遇。首先，植树种草的生态环境政策迫使农民从乡村走进城市；其次，中央政府向西部地区转移支付的资金支持增多；第三，东西部人员交流逐渐增多；第四，对外开放程度提高。因此，应该扩大开放度，注意投资多元化建设，提高基础设施建设规划的针对性，重点支持第三方物流发展，规范市场，大力发展劳动密集型工业，以推动我国西部地区工业化进程。  相似文献   

A Catalogue of Earthquakes With Moment Magnitude of the Center-Southern Asia Test Area of the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program     

Yang Zhixian  Zhang PeizhenInstitute of Crustal Dynamics  SSB  Beijing  China Institute of Geology  SSB  Beijing  China 《中国地震研究》1998,(1)

We compile a regional catalogue of earthquakes with moment magnitude of the Center-Southern Asia test area(20°-35°N,85°-105°E)for the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program(GSHAP).There are significant inhomogeneous and uncompleted data,and n uniformity of earthquake magnitudes in this test area because this region is situated on the boundaries of many countries,such as China,India,Nepal,Vietnam,etc.We establish a relationship between Gutenberg surface-wave magnitude and IASPEI surface-wave magnitude,which can be used for conversion of different magnitude scales into moment magnitude for this catalogue.A catalogue of events with Mw≥6.0 of this test area is given at the end of this paper.  相似文献   

90年代国际岩石圈计划研究进展     

王军芝  聂高众 《地球科学进展》1998,13(1):27-33

概要地介绍了90年代国际岩石圈计划及其下属任务组和工作委员会的活动情况和研究进展,并报道了可能被纳入该计划的新研究项目。  相似文献   

《中国21世纪议程气象行动计划》简介     

陈新强  郑国光  周天军 《地球科学进展》1998,13(3):306-311

阐述了《中国21世纪议程气象行动计划》制定的背景及其对国家可持续发展的重要意义,在此基础上,扼要地介绍了《中国21世纪议程气象行动计划》的主要内容,包括气象可持续发展的战略与对策、防灾减灾、保护气候和大气环境、气候资源开发利用、人工影响天气、科技与教育、政策法规、社会参与和国际合作等。  相似文献