岩石圈流变结构的一种新的应变率约束   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

魏荣强  臧绍先 《地球物理学报》2004,47(6):1029-1034

对目前存在的3种应变率约束条件（常应变率,常构造力,与应变率有关的构造力约束）进行了讨论,它们都不能真实地反映岩石圈内的应变率分布及实际观测.基于近几年GPS测量的研究结果,提出利用GPS实测应变率对岩石圈流变结构进行约束的新方法.对华北地区实际流变剖面的计算结果表明,本文方法克服了上述三种约束条件的不足,利用它所确定的岩石圈流变结构更为合理,在流变性质上较好地反映了与大地构造的对应关系,而且一定程度上反映岩石圈内各种状态参量及物质参量对流变结构的影响.同时还讨论了这种约束存在的问题.  相似文献   

Saturn’s tropospheric composition and clouds from Cassini/VIMS 4.6-5.1 μm nightside spectroscopy     

Leigh N. Fletcher  Kevin H. Baines  Adam P. Showman  Glenn S. Orton  C. Merlet 《Icarus》2011,214(2):510-533

The latitudinal variation of Saturn’s tropospheric composition (NH₃, PH₃ and AsH₃) and aerosol properties (cloud altitudes and opacities) are derived from Cassini/VIMS 4.6-5.1 μm thermal emission spectroscopy on the planet’s nightside (April 22, 2006). The gaseous and aerosol distributions are used to trace atmospheric circulation and chemistry within and below Saturn’s cloud decks (in the 1- to 4-bar region). Extensive testing of VIMS spectral models is used to assess and minimise the effects of degeneracies between retrieved variables and sensitivity to the choice of aerosol properties. Best fits indicate cloud opacity in two regimes: (a) a compact cloud deck centred in the 2.5-2.8 bar region, symmetric between the northern and southern hemispheres, with small-scale opacity variations responsible for numerous narrow light/dark axisymmetric lanes; and (b) a hemispherically asymmetric population of aerosols at pressures less than 1.4 bar (whose exact altitude and vertical structure is not constrained by nightside spectra) which is 1.5-2.0× more opaque in the summer hemisphere than in the north and shows an equatorial maximum between ±10° (planetocentric).Saturn’s NH₃ spatial variability shows significant enhancement by vertical advection within ±5° of the equator and in axisymmetric bands at 23-25°S and 42-47°N. The latter is consistent with extratropical upwelling in a dark band on the poleward side of the prograde jet at 41°N (planetocentric). PH₃ dominates the morphology of the VIMS spectrum, and high-altitude PH₃ at p < 1.3 bar has an equatorial maximum and a mid-latitude asymmetry (elevated in the summer hemisphere), whereas deep PH₃ is latitudinally-uniform with off-equatorial maxima near ±10°. The spatial distribution of AsH₃ shows similar off-equatorial maxima at ±7° with a global abundance of 2-3 ppb. VIMS appears to be sensitive to both (i) an upper tropospheric circulation (sensed by NH₃ and upper-tropospheric PH₃ and hazes) and (ii) a lower tropospheric circulation (sensed by deep PH₃, AsH₃ and the lower cloud deck).  相似文献   

南羌塘盆地中-新生代逆冲推覆构造样式及构造应力场特征          下载免费PDF全文

李正友薛灵文王世锋王 刚彭成名侯  芸段磊 《地质科学》2017,(3):783-800

新生代印度板块与欧亚板块的持续碰撞挤压,造成南羌塘地块向南逆冲于拉萨地块之上,并在南羌塘地块内部形成了一系列的由北往南的逆冲推覆构造。然而,到目前为止,我们对这些逆冲推覆构造及夹持其间的褶皱变形的结构组成、构造样式、形成时代以及缩短量分布等问题仍存在很大的争议。本文在详细的野外调查基础上,对赛布错-扎加藏布断裂（SZT）,多玛-其香错断裂（DQT）,隆鄂尼褶断带（LF）及南羌塘与中央隆起带分界的肖查卡-双湖断裂（XST）进行了几何学、运动学分析,建立了精细的构造框架。我们认为这些断裂为始新世以来形成的同时期的叠瓦状逆冲推覆;并通过野外褶皱形态,结合层面、节理面、断层面滑动矢量的分析,识别出南羌塘盆地4期构造应力场：1） 代表中特提斯俯冲碰撞阶段的近S-N 向的挤压;2） 中特提斯碰撞后,随着班公湖-怒江缝合带的形成,南羌塘地区构造应力场转为S-N 向的伸展;3） 新生代印度板块向欧亚板块俯冲碰撞,青藏高原进入陆内变形阶段,南羌塘盆地内表现为NE-SW 向的挤压,形成本文提及的一系列逆冲推覆构造;4） 随着高原的持续隆升,约14 Ma南北向裂谷开始活动,应力场转为NWW-SEE 向伸展,形成双湖裂谷系。  相似文献   

兰州-天水地区三维重力反演及其地质解释     

李渭娟  梁桂培  姚政生 《地震工程学报》1993,15(4):45-51

本文利用重力资料对兰州－天水地区的深部构造进行了研究。在计算中，采用Ｐａｒｋｅｒ－Ｏｌｄｅｎｂａｒｇ三维位场反演方法，反演前对重力资料进行了地形改和中新生低沉积层校正。根据反演结构，综合反演结果，综合分析了有关资料，认为该区为青藏块体过渡带，并且并且提出了陇中盆地为断块型构造盆地的新认识。  相似文献   

Assessing the performance of structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry and terrestrial LiDAR for reconstructing soil surface microtopography of naturally vegetated plots          下载免费PDF全文

Sayjro Kossi Nouwakpo  Mark A. Weltz  Kenneth McGwire 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(3):308-322

Soil microtopography is a property of critical importance in many earth surface processes but is often difficult to quantify. Advances in computer vision technologies have made image‐based three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction or Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) available to many scientists as a low cost alternative to laser‐based systems such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). While the performance of SfM at acquiring soil surface microtopography has been extensively compared to that of TLS on bare surfaces, little is known about the impact of vegetation on reconstruction performance. This article evaluates the performance of SfM and TLS technologies at reconstructing soil microtopography on 6 m × 2 m erosion plots with vegetation cover ranging from 0% to 77%. Results show that soil surface occlusion by vegetation was more pronounced with TLS compared to SfM, a consequence of the single viewpoint laser scanning strategy adopted in this study. On the bare soil surface, elevation values estimated with SfM were within 5 mm of those from TLS although long distance deformations were observed with the former technology. As vegetation cover increased, agreement between SfM and TLS slightly degraded but was significantly affected beyond 53% of ground cover. Detailed semivariogram analysis on meter‐square‐scale surface patches showed that TLS and SfM surfaces were very similar even on highly vegetated plots but with fine scale details and the dynamic elevation range smoothed out with SfM. Errors in the TLS data were mainly caused by the distance measurement function of the instrument especially at the fringe of occlusion regions where the laser beam intersected foreground and background features simultaneously. From this study, we conclude that a realistic approach to digitizing soil surface microtopography in field conditions can be implemented by combining strengths of the image‐based method (simplicity and effectiveness at reconstructing soil surface under sparse vegetation) with the high accuracy of TLS‐like technologies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

上海地区第四承压含水层沉积环境及结构特征     

吴建中  俞俊英  李晓  方志雷 《上海国土资源》2009,(1)

上海地区第四承压含水层是地下水开发利用的主要层次,对其沉积环境、成因、结构特征进行深入研究有利于更好地开展地下水资源开发利用及地质环境保护工作.本文在对上海地区大量钻孔资料深入分析的基础上,对第四承压含水层形成时期即早更新世中、晚期沉积环境及含水层的成因进行了深入剖析,对含水层结构特征进行了详细刻画,为三维地质结构的建立奠定了基础.  相似文献   

云南宝兴厂金多金属矿床成矿地质条件     

王绍明  涂国府 《云南地质》2009,28(4):374-379

矿区金、铜、钼矿化与碱性斑岩相关,向阳组碎屑岩是主要矿源层及赋矿地层,北东向响水断裂控矿,近东西向次级断裂及层间断裂为储（容）矿构造。多种条件耦合成矿。  相似文献   

南京下蜀土结构强度研究     

韩爱民  乔春元  丁长阳 《工程地质学报》2009,17(3):371-376

利用常规三轴试验,研究了南京下蜀土结构强度及其影响因素。结果表明,下蜀土存在明显的结构性。当应变小于屈服应变时,土体的结构强度迅速的发挥;当应变大于屈服应变时,土体结构发生破坏,结构强度逐渐降低;最终当各个结构单元重新排列稳定时,土体结构完全被破坏。讨论了围压和含水量对结构强度的影响,结果表明南京下蜀土土体的结构强度和围压无关,和含水量有良好的幂函数关系。结构强度与非饱和土中吸附强度有一定的关系,可以用结构强度代替吸力,从而简化非饱和土抗剪强度公式。   相似文献   

基于结构导向的梯度属性边缘检测技术   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

宋建国  孙永壮  任登振 《地球物理学报》2013,56(10):3561-3571

地震数据中的不连续性检测对于识别和刻画地下地质体边界具有重要意义.随着勘探目标向岩性油藏和复杂断块油藏的转变,解释人员需要对小断裂、微裂缝等微幅地质体边界信息进行精细刻画.常规边缘检测算子由于算法的局限性不能满足上述需求.本文通过引入能量归一化和沿层检测思想对常规检测算子进行改进,提出一种基于结构导向的梯度属性边缘检测技术.该技术通过结构张量估计得到局部地层区域的倾角和方位角,利用得到的倾角和方位角信息作为约束,使用二维边缘检测算子实现三维数据中的沿层不连续性检测.经过实际资料处理,并与结构导向方差属性对比分析,证实该方法在地层不连续性检测方面具有很好效果,检测得到的不连续性信息在细节上表现更丰富,可以作为地层横向差异和地质体边界识别的有力工具.  相似文献   

云南双江白水河金矿成矿地质特征     

张保龙  徐荣  李高良  李小宽  文杰 《云南地质》2012,(3):297-300

白水河金矿属断裂构造控制的热液蚀变型金矿床,金矿体产于新元古界澜沧群变质岩区多期断裂的次级分支断裂破碎带内。沿构造带有辉绿岩脉、石英斑岩脉、煌斑岩脉侵入,首次在临沧地区新元古界澜沧群变质岩区找到金矿。  相似文献