大鹏湾潮流数值计算   总被引：2，自引：8，他引：2  

王学昌  娄安刚  孟伟  郑丙辉  王增田 《海洋科学》2001,25(12):37-40

应用分步杂交方法建立了大鹏湾边界潮流数值模型，并对其进行了模拟计算，重现了该区域潮波及潮流的分布规律，并根据实测资料对其进行了验证，从而可系统地了解这一海区的潮波系统及潮流场等海洋要素的分布情况。  相似文献   

大亚湾沉积物中重金属元素背景值研究     

张银英 《热带海洋学报》1991,(3)

根据大亚湾的自然条件认为,大亚湾沉积物的物质来源是其周围集水区的岩石风化壳,并计算了其风化壳中重金属元素的平均丰度值;又根据沉积物的粒度和深层沉积物重金属元素的含量资料,列方程计算出湾内沉积物中重金属元素的平均含量,根据这两组数据,确定该区域内重金属元素的平均背景值。再通过粒度关系,计算得出大亚湾内各站沉积物中重金属元素的背景值。应用此结果和大亚湾沉积物重金属元素实测结果,计算了由人为影响带入沉积物中的重金属元素含量,了解其受污染的程度。  相似文献   

珠江口沉积物酸挥发性硫化物与重金属生物毒性的研究     

杨永强  陈繁荣  张德荣  张凌  吕莹 《热带海洋学报》2006,25(3):72-78

研究了2003年10月采于珠江口5个站位的沉积物剖面酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同时提取的重金属(SEM:Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd,Ni)。其中,站位1、2位于中滩,其沉积物的AVS含量变化范围较小,为0.25—4.06μmol.g-1;站位3、4位于西滩,其沉积物的AVS含量变化范围较大,为0—26.09μmol.g-1。中滩和西滩沉积物的AVS含量均随深度增加。西滩表层沉积物的AVS含量接近于零,这可能与该水域较强的底层流和沉积物的再悬浮作用有关。站位5位于珠江口外侧,其表层沉积物的AVS含量相对较高,且垂向变化较小,可能是还原性沉积物间歇性再悬浮后重新沉积的结果。站位1、2和5沉积物中同时提取的重金属含量大体在0.95±0.2μmol.g-1范围内,随深度增加略呈下降趋势;而西滩沉积物重金属含量相对较高,为1.43—2.42μmol.g-1,且在一定深度范围内随深度增加呈明显下降的趋势,表明珠江口西滩沉积物中的重金属污染有加重的趋势。对AVS/SEM摩尔比值和单个金属的毒性效应研究显示,珠江口内尤其是西滩的表层沉积物存在重金属污染,对其中生活的底栖生物具有潜在的毒性效应。  相似文献   

How tides and river flows determine estuarine bathymetries     

D. Prandle 《Progress in Oceanography》2004,61(1):1-26

For strongly tidal, funnel-shaped estuaries, we examine how tides and river flows determine size and shape. We also consider how long it takes for bathymetric adjustment, both to determine whether present-day bathymetry reflects prevailing forcing and how rapidly changes might occur under future forcing scenarios.Starting with the assumption of a 'synchronous' estuary (i.e., where the sea surface slope resulting from the axial gradient in phase of tidal elevation significantly exceeds the gradient in tidal amplitude ), an expression is derived for the slope of the sea bed. Thence, by integration we derive expressions for the axial depth profile and estuarine length, L, as a function of and D, the prescribed depth at the mouth. Calculated values of L are broadly consistent with observations. The synchronous estuary approach enables a number of dynamical parameters to be directly calculated and conveniently illustrated as functions of and D, namely: current amplitude Û, ratio of friction to inertia terms, estuarine length, stratification, saline intrusion length, flushing time, mean suspended sediment concentration and sediment in-fill times.Four separate derivations for the length of saline intrusion, L_I, all indicate a dependency on (U_o is the residual river flow velocity and f is the bed friction coefficient). Likely bathymetries for `mixed' estuaries can be delineated by mapping, against and D, the conditions L<sub>I</sub>/L<1,E<sub>X</sub>/L<1 (E<sub>X</sub> is the tidal excursion) alongside the Simpson-Hunter criteria D/U<sup>3</sup><50 m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>3</sup>. This zone encompasses 24 out of 25 `randomly' selected UK estuaries.However, the length of saline intrusion in a funnel-shaped estuary is also sensitive to axial location. Observations suggest that this location corresponds to a minimum in landward intrusion of salt. By combining the derived expressions for L and L_I with this latter criterion, an expression is derived relating D_i, the depth at the centre of the intrusion, to the corresponding value of U_o. This expression indicates U_o is always close to 1 cm s⁻¹, as commonly observed. Converting from U_o to river flow, Q, provides a morphological expression linking estuarine depth to Q (with a small dependence on side slope gradients).These dynamical solutions are coupled with further generalised theory related to depth and time-mean, suspended sediment concentrations (as functions of and D). Then, by assuming the transport of fine marine sediments approximates that of a dissolved tracer, the rate of estuarine supply can be determined by combining these derived mean concentrations with estimates of flushing time, F_T, based on L_I. By further assuming that all such sediments are deposited, minimum times for these deposition rates to in-fill estuaries are determined. These times range from a decade for the shortest, shallowest estuaries to upwards of millennia in longer, deeper estuaries with smaller tidal ranges.  相似文献   

Simulating a heavy metal spill under estuarine conditions: Effects on the clam Scrobicularia plana     

E. García-Luque  T. A. DelValls  C. Casado-Martínez  J. M. Forja  A. Gmez-Parra 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):671

We describe the effect of heavy metals Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu on the induction of methallothioneins on the clam Scrobicularia plana along a salinity gradient simulated under laboratory conditions. The clams were exposed to constant heavy metal concentrations in a dynamic estuary simulator during a 15-day assay to investigate possible induction of metal-binding proteins in them. The concentration of heavy metals in water was analysed. Clams were analysed for methallothionein concentrations. The speciation of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu along the salinity gradient was modelled. Zn showed the highest concentrations and its prevalent species was the free ion. Intersite differences have been observed in methallothionein concentration and related to the salinity gradient. It seems that synthesis of methallothioneins is the result of physiological forces acting in concert with the changes in the chemical speciation of metals, owing to the trace metals uptake is controlled by means of an interaction of physiology and physicochemistry.  相似文献   

渤海湾表层沉积物重金属与污染评价   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

秦延文  苏一兵  郑丙辉  张雷  万峻 《海洋科学》2007,31(12):28-33

用原子吸收法测定了渤海湾表层沉积物中重金属的含量,同时用2种评价方法对该海域底质环境进行了评价。结果表明:沉积物中汞、锌含量平均值超过标准,其余项目未发现超标;其分布特征由于受沿岸不同污染源的污染影响,重金属污染物难以形成一定规律的分布状态。同时该海域底质环境质量总指数已达到污染程度和很强的生态危害,其中主要污染元素是Hg,已达重污染,并形成极强的生态危害。  相似文献   

Trichodesmium erythraeum (Ehrenberg) bloom along the southwest coast of India (Arabian Sea) and its impact on trace metal concentrations in seawater     

Anoop A. Krishnan  P.K. Krishnakumar  M. Rajagopalan 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):641-646

The incidence of a large scale Trichodesmium erythraeum bloom along the southwest coast of India (Arabian Sea) observed in May 2005 is reported. Around 4802 filaments of T. erythraeum ml⁻¹ seawater was observed and a colony consisted of 3.6 × 10⁵ cells. The bloom was predominant off Suratkal (12° 59′N and 74° 31′E) with a depth of about 47 m, covering an area of 7 km in length and 2 km width. The concentrations of Zinc, Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Nickel and Cobalt were determined in samples collected from the bloom and non-bloom sites using stripping voltammetry. The observed hydrographical and meteorological parameters were found to be favorable for the bloom. The concentrations of Zinc, Cadmium and Nickel were found to be higher at bloom stations, while the concentrations of Lead, Copper and Cobalt were found to be very low at bloom stations. Elevated concentrations of Cadmium and Cobalt were observed at Valappad mainly due to the decomposition of detrital material produced in the bloom. Statistically significant differences (P > 0.01) in metal concentrations between the bloom and non-bloom stations were not observed except for Copper. Metals such as Lead, Copper and Cobalt were removed from the seawater at all places where bloom was observed. Cadmium was found to be slowly released during the decaying process of the bloom.  相似文献   

厦门港潮汐水流及浑水悬沙整体模型设计     

徐啸 《台湾海峡》1995,(2)

厦门港潮汐水流及浑水悬沙整体物理模型于1989年建成后，已进行了不少有意义的试验研究工作，取得较好效果。本文主要介绍模型的设计思想、相似准则、浑水悬沙相似理论的探讨、模型设计方法以及模型沙的选择等。  相似文献   

上海潮滩沉积物重金属的动力学累积特征   总被引：65，自引：3，他引：65  

许世远  陶静  陈振楼  陈中原  吕全荣 《海洋与湖沼》1997,28(5):509-515

１９９３年７－８月，在上海长江口南岸和杭州湾北岸淤泥质潮滩不同地貌部位，采集表层沉积物和柱状沉积物样品，采用筛析法，离心法、火焰原子吸收法，＾２１０Ｐｂ法等分别对沉积物粒度、重金属总量，不同粒级重金属含量以及沉积速率等进行了和测定。结果表明，潮滩沉积物重金属的空间分布格局并不受沿岸排污的直接影响，而与沉积动力作用密切相关。在水动力条件较弱的淤涨岸段和高潮滩部位，伴随着细颗粒起泥沙的大量堆积，Ｃｕ，  相似文献   

渤海的环流、潮余流及其对沉积物分布的影响   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

赵保仁  庄国文  曹德明  雷方辉 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(5):466-473

阐明渤海环流和潮余流的分布特征及其与沉积物输运之间的关系。本文根据８０年代以来的实测海流资料得到：辽东湾的环流是顺时针向的；黄河三角洲外海存在着一支流向东北偏北向流，与辽东湾西部的东北向海流相接；渤海湾内的环流北部为反时针向，南部为顺时针向回转的双环结构。上述环流趋势与渤海沉积物分布相一致。渤海沿岸主要入海河流的特征矿物分布正在上述环流存在的最好佐证。文中进一步讨论了潮余流分布特征及其对渤海环流的  相似文献