The erosion rates of cohesive sediments in Venice lagoon,Italy     

Carl L. Amos  G. Umgiesser  C. Ferrarin  C.E.L. Thompson  R.J.S. Whitehouse  T.F. Sutherland  A. Bergamasco 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

The stability of cohesive sediments from Venice lagoon has been measured in situ using the benthic flume Sea Carousel. Twenty four stations were occupied during summertime, and a sub-set of 13 stations was re-occupied during the following winter. Erosion thresholds and first-order erosion rates were estimated and showed a distinct difference between inter-tidal and sub-tidal stations. The higher values for inter-tidal stations are the result of exposure that influences consolidation, density, and organic adhesion. The thresholds for each state of sediment motion are well established. However, the rate of erosion once the erosion threshold has been exceeded has been poorly treated. This is because normally a time-series of sediment concentration (C) and bed shear stress (τ₀(t)) is used to define threshold stress or cohesion (τ_crit,z) and erosion rate (E). Whilst solution of the onset of erosion, τ_crit,0, is often reported, the evaluation of the erosion threshold variation through the process of erosion (eroded depth) is usually omitted or not estimated. This usually leads to assumptions on the strength profile of the bed which invariably has no credibility within the topmost mm of the bed where most erosion takes place. It is possible to extract this information from a time-series through the addition of a step in data processing. This paper describes how this is done, and the impact of this on the accuracy of estimates of the excess stress (τ₀(t)–τ_crit,z) on E.  相似文献   

Coastal landslides and swelling clays at Røsnæs,Denmark     

Dr. D. B. Prior 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):45-48

Prior, D. B., 1973: Coastal landslides and swelling clays at Røsnæs, Denmark. Geografisk Tidsskrift, 72: 45–48. København, September 30, 1973.

The landslide morphology of the Røsnæs area has been examined and materials involved in active landsliding analysed.  相似文献   

Modeling uncertainty of moving objects on road networks via space–time prisms     

Bart Kuijpers 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1095-1117

Moving objects produce trajectories, which are typically observed in a finite sample of time‐stamped locations. Between sample points, we are uncertain about the moving objects's location. When we assume extra information about an object, for instance, a (possibly location‐dependent) speed limit, we can use space–time prisms to model the uncertainty of an object's location.

Until now, space–time prisms have been studied for unconstrained movement in the 2D plane. In this paper, we study space–time prisms for objects that are constrained to travel on a road network. Movement on a road network can be viewed as essentially one‐dimensional. We describe the geometry of a space–time prism on a road network and give an algorithm to compute and visualize space–time prisms. For experiments and illustration, we have implemented this algorithm in MATHEMATICA.

Furthermore, we study the alibi query, which asks whether two moving objects could have possibly met or not. This comes down to deciding if the chains of space–time prisms produced by these moving objects intersect. We give an efficient algorithm to answer the alibi query for moving objects on a road network. This algorithm also determines where and when two moving objects may have met.  相似文献   

多源遥感技术在汶川震后高精度数字高程模型重建中的精度分析     

沈强  乔学军  王琪  杜瑞林  谭凯 《地球物理学进展》2013,28(4)

汶川地震后,震中地区地表形态遭到很大破坏.在该地区开展科学研究急需高精度数字高程模型支持,重建震区数字高程模型十分必要.本文以高精度重建该地区数字高程模型为目标,综合ALOS PRISM获取的三轨立体像对、ALOS PALSAR雷达影像和欧空局发布的汶川地震ENVISAT雷达影像等资料,采用光学遥感立体测图技术、InSAR技术,并融合已有全球数字高程模型,研究建立覆盖此地区15m分辨率的数字高程模型.在利用中国地壳运动监测网络和陆态网络工程项目实测的GPS数据进行高程精度分析后表明:ALOS PRISM DEM精度优于10 m(95％置信度);ALOS PALSAR DEM精度优于10 m(95％置信度),而ENVSAT ASAR DEM在平原、丘陵地区精度优于20 m(95％置信度).研究证明:ALOS PRISM能进行高精度的地形测量,ALOS PALSAR在山区仍可获得高精度数字高程模型,ENVISAT ASAR在平原地区的精度较高.因此融合光学、雷达遥感技术完全满足获取高精度、高分辨率震区数字高程模型的需要,这为在困难地区建立高精度数字高程模型提供了一个很好的途径.  相似文献   

Heavy metal pollution and assessment in the tidal flat sediments of Haizhou Bay,China     

Rui Zhang  Li Zhou  Fan Zhang  Yingjun Ding  Jinrong Gao  Jing Chen  Hongqiang Yan  Wei Shao 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

The heavy metal inventory and the ecological risk of the tidal flat sediments in Haizhou Bay were investigated. Results show that the average concentrations of heavy metals in the surface sediments exceeded the environment background values of Jiangsu Province coastal soil, suggesting that the surface sediments were mainly polluted by heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn). In addition, the profiles of heavy metals fluxes can reflect the socio-economic development of Lianyungang City, and heavy metals inputs were attributed to anthropogenic activities. Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were mainly present in the non-bioavailable residual form in surface sediments, whereas Cd and Mn were predominantly in the highly mobile acid soluble and reducible fractions. The ecological risk of the polluted sediments stemmed mainly from Cd and Pb. According to the Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), however, the adverse biological effects caused by the heavy metals occasionally occurred in tidal flat.  相似文献   

Bio‐geomorphic effects on tidal channel evolution: impact of vegetation establishment and tidal prism change     

Wouter Vandenbruwaene  Tjeerd J. Bouma  Patrick Meire  Stijn Temmerman 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(2):122-132

The long‐term (10–100 years) evolution of tidal channels is generally considered to interact with the bio‐geomorphic evolution of the surrounding intertidal platform. Here we studied how the geometric properties of tidal channels (channel drainage density and channel width) change as (1) vegetation establishes on an initially bare intertidal platform and (2) sediment accretion on the intertidal platform leads to a reduction in the tidal prism (i.e. water volume that during a tidal cycle floods to and drains back from the intertidal platform). Based on a time series of aerial photographs and digital elevation models, we derived the channel geometric properties at different time steps during the evolution from an initially low‐elevated bare tidal flat towards a high‐elevated vegetated marsh. We found that vegetation establishment causes a marked increase in channel drainage density. This is explained as the friction exerted by patches of pioneer vegetation concentrates the flow in between the vegetation patches and promotes there the erosion of channels. Once vegetation has established, continued sediment accretion and tidal prism reduction do not result in significant further changes in channel drainage density and in channel widths. We hypothesize that this is explained by a partitioning of the tidal flow between concentrated channel flow, as long as the vegetation is not submerged, and more homogeneous sheet flow as the vegetation is deeply submerged. Hence, a reduction of the tidal prism due to sediment accretion on the intertidal platform, reduces especially the volume of sheet flow (which does not affect channel geometry), while the concentrated channel flow (i.e. the landscape forming volume of water) is not much affected by the tidal prism reduction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Comparative study on two methods for calculating the gravitational potential of a prism     

Jiancheng Han  Wenbin Shen 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(1):60-64

The determination of the gravitational potential of a prism plays an important role in physical geodesy and geophysics. However, there are few literatures that provide accurate approaches for determining the gravitational potential of a prism. Discrete element method can be used to determine the gravitational potential of a prism, and can approximate the true gravitational potential values with sufficient accuracy (the smaller each element is, the more accurate the result is). Although Nagy’s approach provided a closed expression, one does not know whether it is valid, due to the fact that this approach has not been confirmed in literatures. In this paper, a study on the comparison of Nagy’s approach with discrete element method is presented. The results show that Nagy’s formulas for determining the gravitational potential of a prism are valid in the domain both inside and outside the prism.  相似文献   

利用全站仪测量地形要素顶部特征点的方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范玖国  王全全  周志斌  张广兴  姜元军 《测绘科学》2011,36(2):221-223

本文主要研究了全站仪在三维数字地形图测绘中的应用,获得三维地形图要素的底部特征点相当简单,关键是地形要素顶部特征点利用全站仪是怎样获取的,本文通过几种方法和对应的实测数据对这方面问题进行了研究和分析,最后得出全站仪测量三维数字地形图可行性.  相似文献   

基于无棱镜全站仪城市信息数据的获取     

李建武 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(4):221-222

依据无棱镜全站仪的结构、功能和原理,结合现代信息数据获取需求,对其应用方法和技术进行了应用研究,提出了无棱镜全站仪的作业方法和应用领域。  相似文献   

A tracer study in an Alaskan gravel beach and its implications on the persistence of the Exxon Valdez oil   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Li H  Boufadel MC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(6):1261-1269

Despite great efforts including bioremediation, the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spills persist in many gravel beaches in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. To explore this mystery, a lithium tracer study was conducted along two transects on one of these beaches. The tracer injections and transports were successfully simulated using the 2-dimensional numerical model MARUN. The tracer stayed much longer in the oil-persisting, right transect (facing landwand) than in the clean, left transect. If the tracer is approximately regarded as oils, oils in the upper layer would have more opportunities to enter the lower layer in the right transect than in the left one. This may qualitatively explain the oil persistence within the right transect. When the tracer is regarded as nutrients, the long stay of nutrients within the right transect implies that the oil persistence along the right transect was not due to the lack of nutrients during the bioremediation.  相似文献