Modeling stresses on satellites due to nonsynchronous rotation and orbital eccentricity using gravitational potential theory     

John Wahr  Zane A. Selvans  Amy C. Barr  Michelle M. Selvans 《Icarus》2009,200(1):188-206

The tidal stress at the surface of a satellite is derived from the gravitational potential of the satellite's parent planet, assuming that the satellite is fully differentiated into a silicate core, a global subsurface ocean, and a decoupled, viscoelastic lithospheric shell. We consider two types of time variability for the tidal force acting on the shell: one caused by the satellite's eccentric orbit within the planet's gravitational field (diurnal tides), and one due to nonsynchronous rotation (NSR) of the shell relative to the satellite's core, which is presumed to be tidally locked. In calculating surface stresses, this method allows the Love numbers h and ?, describing the satellite's tidal response, to be specified independently; it allows the use of frequency-dependent viscoelastic rheologies (e.g. a Maxwell solid); and its mathematical form is amenable to the inclusion of stresses due to individual tides. The lithosphere can respond to NSR forcing either viscously or elastically depending on the value of the parameter , where μ and η are the shear modulus and viscosity of the shell respectively, and ω is the NSR forcing frequency. Δ is proportional to the ratio of the forcing period to the viscous relaxation time. When Δ?1 the response is nearly fluid; when Δ?1 it is nearly elastic. In the elastic case, tensile stresses due to NSR on Europa can be as large as ∼3.3 MPa, which dominate the ∼50 kPa stresses predicted to result from Europa's diurnal tides. The faster the viscous relaxation the smaller the NSR stresses, such that diurnal stresses dominate when Δ?100. Given the uncertainty in current estimates of the NSR period and of the viscosity of Europa's ice shell, it is unclear which tide should be dominant. For Europa, tidal stresses are relatively insensitive both to the rheological structure beneath the ice layer and to the thickness of the icy shell. The phase shift between the tidal potential and the resulting stresses increases with Δ. This shift can displace the NSR stresses longitudinally by as much as 45° in the direction opposite of the satellite's rotation.  相似文献   

Tidal torques: a critical review of some techniques     

Michael Efroimsky  James G. Williams 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2009,104(3):257-289

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应用地球物理方法建立刚体地球章动序列     

张捍卫  吕志平 《测绘学院学报》1996,(1)

本文介绍了建立刚体地球章动序列的地球物理方法。依据固体潮的理论，建立了一个新的刚体地球章动序列，章动项的系数截断到０．０００１ｍａｓ，在考虑二阶效应的情况下，一共包括了３０４项。  相似文献   

山东半岛海岸地貌与波浪、潮汐特征的关系     

崔金瑞  夏东兴 《海洋科学进展》1992,(3)

本文通过山东半岛海岸地貌类型与沿岸波浪、潮汐发生学关系的对比分析,引入浪潮作用指数 K,K=2.5×(H/R),H 为平均波高,R 为平均潮差.K>1时,海岸地貌演变的动力以波浪作用为主,海岸极少发育潮汐叉道和落潮三角洲,但连岛坝发育较好;K<1时,海岸地貌演变的水动力以潮汐作用为主,落潮三角洲、潮汐叉道较发育;K 值接近于1时,发育潟湖等过渡海岸地貌类型.  相似文献   

渤海开边界潮汐的伴随法反演   总被引：22，自引：3，他引：22  

吕咸青  方国洪 《海洋与湖沼》2002,33(2):113-120

潮汐潮流数值模拟中的一个主要难点在于开边界条件的确定。本文采用伴随法 ,由渤海沿岸 1 9个验潮站的潮汐调和常数来反演渤海海域的开边界条件 ,以实现渤海潮波的数值模拟。计算所得调和常数与实测值之差的绝对平均值 :m1 潮波振幅差为 1 4cm ,迟角差为5 0°;M2 潮波振幅差为 2 4cm ,迟角差为 5 0°。数值模拟结果正确地反映了渤海m1 和M2 潮波的基本特征  相似文献   

The response of the subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica, to tidal and atmospheric pressure forcing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anja Wendt  Reinhard Dietrich  Jens Wendt  Mathias Fritsche  Valery Lukin  Alexander Yuskevich  rey Kokhanov  Anton Senatorov  Kazuo Shibuya  Koichiro Doi 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,161(1):41-49

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Propagation of tides in the Mandovi-Zuari estuarine network     

S. R. Shetye  A. D. Gouveia  S. Y. Singbal  C. G. Naik  D. Sundar  G. S. Michael  G. Nampoothiri 《Journal of Earth System Science》1995,104(4):667-682

Located in Goa on the west coast of India and joining the Arabian Sea, the Mandovi and the Zuari are two estuaries, each about 50 km long, connected by a narrow canal. A number of small rivers join the two estuaries, forming a network of channels, whose cross-sectional area decreases rapidly in the upstream direction. They receive large freshwater influx during the southwest monsoon and little during the rest of the year. During April (dry season) and August (wet season) 1993, the water level and salinity at 15 locations in the network were monitored for 3 days to determine characteristics of tidal propagation in the network. Analysis of the data shows that the speed of propagation of both the diurnal and the semi-diurnal tide through the main channels of the network is approximately 6 m/s. Amplitudes of these tides in the channels remain unchanged over a distance of about 40 km from the mouth and then decay rapidly upstream over the next 10 km. The undamped propagation is a consequence of the balance between geometric amplification, due to decrease in the cross-sectional area in the upstream direction, and frictional dissipation. The rapid decay near the upstream end of the channels appears to result primarily from freshwater influx.  相似文献   

Long-term ferry-ADCP observations of tidal currents in the Marsdiep inlet   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

Maarten Cornelis Buijsman  Herman Ridderinkhof 《Journal of Sea Research》2007,57(4):237-256

A unique, five-year long data set of ferry-mounted ADCP measurements in the Marsdiep inlet, the Netherlands, obtained between 1998 and 2003, is presented. A least-squares harmonic analysis was applied to the water transport, (depth-averaged) currents, and water level to study the contribution of the tides. With 144 tidal constituents, maximally 98% of the variance in the water transport and streamwise currents is explained by the tides, whereas for the stream-normal currents this is maximally 50%. The most important constituent is the semi-diurnal M₂ constituent, which is modulated by the second-largest S₂ constituent (about 27% of M₂). Compound and overtides, such as 2MS₂, 2MN₂, M₄, and M₆, are important in the inlet. Due to interaction of M₂ with its quarter-diurnal overtide M₄, the tidal asymmetry in the southern two thirds of the inlet is flood dominant. The amplitudes of all non-astronomic constituents are largest during spring tides, strongly distorting the water level and velocity curves. The M₂ water transport is 40° ahead in phase compared to the M₂ water level, reflecting the progressive character of the tidal wave in the inlet. The currents are strongly rectilinear and they are sheared vertically and horizontally, with the highest currents at the surface above the deepest part of the inlet. During spring tides, near-surface currents can be as large as 1.8 m s^− 1. Due to the relative importance of inertia compared to friction, the M₂ currents near the centre (surface) lag maximal 20° (3°) in phase with the currents near the sides (bottom). The tidal-mean currents are directed into the basin in the shallower channel to the south and out of the basin in the deeper channel to the north.  相似文献   

A proof that tidal heating in a synchronous rotation is always larger than in an asymptotic nonsynchronous rotation state     

B. Levrard 《Icarus》2008,193(2):641-643

In a recent paper, Wisdom [Wisdom, J., 2008. Icarus, 193, 637-640] derived concise expressions for the rate of tidal dissipation in a synchronously rotating body for arbitrary orbital eccentricity and obliquity. He provided numerical evidence than the derived rate is always larger than in an asymptotic nonsynchronous rotation state at any obliquity and eccentricity. Here, I present a simple mathematical proof of this conclusion and show that this result still holds for any spin-orbit resonance.  相似文献   

Tidal evolution of Dysnomia, satellite of the dwarf planet Eris     

Richard Greenberg  Rory Barnes 《Icarus》2008,194(2):847-849

The past tidal evolution of the satellite Dysnomia of the dwarf planet Eris can be inferred from the current physical and orbital properties of the system. Preliminary considerations, which assumed a circular orbit for the satellite, suggested that the satellite formed close to the planet, perhaps as a result of a giant impact, and that it is thus unlikely that smaller satellites lie further out. However, if the satellite's orbit is eccentric, even if the eccentricity is very small, a qualitatively different past tidal evolution may be indicated. Early in the Solar System's history, the satellite may have been on a highly eccentric orbit much farther from the planet than it is now, suggestive of a capture origin. Additional satellites farther out cannot be ruled out.  相似文献