Algorithms for Lunar Flash Video Search, Measurement, and Archiving     

Wesley Swift  Robert Suggs  Bill Cooke 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2008,102(1-4):299-303

Lunar meteoroid impact flashes provide a method to estimate the flux of the large meteoroid flux and thus their hazard to spacecraft. Although meteoroid impacts on the Moon have been detected using video methods for over a decade, the difficulty of manually searching hours of video for the rare, extremely brief impact flashes has discouraged the technique’s systematic implementation. A prototype has been developed for the purpose of automatically searching lunar video records for impact flashes, eliminating false detections, editing the returned possible flashes, and archiving and documenting the results. Several utilities for measurement, analysis, and location of the flashes on the moon included in the program are demonstrated. Application of the program to a year’s worth of lunar observations is discussed along with examples of impact flashes.  相似文献   

Experimental and numerical analyses of vibrations induced by high-speed trains on the Córdoba–Málaga line     

P. Galvín  J. Domínguez 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009

This paper has two main purposes. One is to present and analyse soil and structural vibration data obtained experimentally during certification testing of the high-speed train line between Córdoba and Málaga (Spain) that was opened on December 2007. The second is to show the capabilities of a three-dimensional boundary element method (BEM)/finite element method (FEM) numerical approach for the analysis of train induced vibrations. The model can represent local soil conditions, discontinuities such as underpasses, as well as structures placed next to the rail track. Vibrations in those structures can be computed taking into account, in a rigorous way, dynamic soil–structure interaction and local soil properties. Experimental and numerical results at several points near the track are compared. Results for an overhead contact support structure are also evaluated. The comparison of numerically predicted and recorded results shows that the model is reliable for predicting the amplitude of vibrations produced in the soil and nearby structures by high-speed trains.  相似文献   

Inverse analysis of stochastic moment equations for transient flow in randomly heterogeneous media     

Monica Riva  Alberto Guadagnini  Shlomo P. Neuman  Emanuela Bianchi Janetti  Bwalya Malama 《Advances in water resources》2009

We present a nonlinear stochastic inverse algorithm that allows conditioning estimates of transient hydraulic heads, fluxes and their associated uncertainty on information about hydraulic conductivity (K) and hydraulic head (h  ) data collected in a randomly heterogeneous confined aquifer. Our algorithm is based on Laplace-transformed recursive finite-element approximations of exact nonlocal first and second conditional stochastic moment equations of transient flow. It makes it possible to estimate jointly spatial variations in natural log-conductivity (Y=lnK)$(Y=\ln K)$, the parameters of its underlying variogram, and the variance–covariance of these estimates. Log-conductivity is parameterized geostatistically based on measured values at discrete locations and unknown values at discrete “pilot points”. Whereas prior values of Y at pilot point are obtained by generalized kriging, posterior estimates at pilot points are obtained through a maximum likelihood fit of computed and measured transient heads. These posterior estimates are then projected onto the computational grid by kriging. Optionally, the maximum likelihood function may include a regularization term reflecting prior information about Y. The relative weight assigned to this term is evaluated separately from other model parameters to avoid bias and instability. We illustrate and explore our algorithm by means of a synthetic example involving a pumping well. We find that whereas Y and h can be reproduced quite well with parameters estimated on the basis of zero-order mean flow equations, all model quality criteria identify the second-order results as being superior to zero-order results. Identifying the weight of the regularization term and variogram parameters can be done with much lesser ambiguity based on second- than on zero-order results. A second-order model is required to compute predictive error variances of hydraulic head (and flux) a posteriori. Conditioning the inversion jointly on conductivity and hydraulic head data results in lesser predictive uncertainty than conditioning on conductivity or head data alone.  相似文献   

含激电效应的CSAMT一维正演研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

岳安平  底青云  王妙月  石昆法 《地球物理学报》2009,52(7):1937-1946

地电体对频率域电磁波激发源的响应为电磁感应和激电效应的综合响应.传统CSAMT法进行数据正反演时认为大地介质电阻率是与频率无关的实数,而实际上因为激电效应,地下可极化体的电阻率是一个与频率相关的复数.为推进二者总体响应研究,并扩展激电法的应用范围,同时提高电磁法勘探的精度,本文基于Dias模型,以复电阻率代替不考虑地电体极化效应的直流电阻率,对CSAMT场源一维层状模型进行了正演模拟,为提取CSAMT信号中所含激电信息提供理论基础.结果表明,考虑激电参数后,视电阻率及相位响应曲线出现明显异常（包括远场、过渡场、近场）;极化前后振幅比值异常峰值、相位差值异常峰值可直观体现激电异常;异常峰值与极化层层厚、埋深以及电阻率变化有连续的对应关系.认为从频率域电磁法信号中提取激电信息有乐观的前景.  相似文献   

瞬变电磁探测系统(CASTEM)试验对比——安徽颖上大王庄铁矿          下载免费PDF全文

武欣  薛国强  陈卫营  吴凯  齐林  刘富波  方广有 《地球物理学报》2016,59(12):4448-4456

为推进国产电磁勘探设备的高端化进程,自主研发了CASTEM瞬变电磁系统.在前期系统开发、测试及集成基础上,开展野外试验研究,以检验CASTEM系统的稳定性及探测能力.选择已取得显著勘探成果的安徽颖上县大王庄铁矿进行试验,试验内容包括大功率发射机性能、接收系统噪声性能、实测响应曲线和反演效果,并与国际高端瞬变电磁仪在上述几方面进行了对比.试验结果表明CASTEM系统的各项指标性能稳定、可靠,已达到国际先进水平;探测成果与高端瞬变电磁仪器探测成果以及钻孔资料相吻合,表明CASTEM系统可以用于深部勘探.  相似文献   

复频率参数完全匹配层吸收边界在瞬变电磁法正演中的应用   总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李展辉  黄清华 《地球物理学报》2014,57(4):1292-1299

本文将复频率参数完全匹配层（Complex Frequency Shifted Perfectly Matched Layer,CFS-PML）吸收边界应用到瞬变电磁法（Transient Electromagnetic,TEM）三维正演中,以替代传统的狄利克雷边界条件,使用时域有限差分法（Finite-difference time-domain,FDTD）进行空间离散和时间步进.本文给出了扩散场在CFS-PML内部的平面波解,分析了常规PML在TEM正演中失效的原因,并给出了CFS-PML在TEM正演中参数设置准则.最后分别使用全空间和半空间模型进行有效性检验.全空间检验结果表明,使用CFS-PML的解在我们正演的所有延迟时间内均与理论解吻合得非常好,而使用狄利克雷边界的解可与理论解偏离一个量级以上.半空间检验结果表明,CFS-PML亦明显优于狄利克雷边界,然而CFS-PML对空气中的场吸收甚微,相对误差依然会随着延迟时间缓慢增加,正演时需要根据误差容忍度设计适当的模型.  相似文献   

瞬变电磁快速成像解释系统研究   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

郭文波  李貅  薛国强  宋建平  顾林生 《地球物理学报》2005,48(6):1400-1405

为了提高瞬变电磁测深法对地探测的垂向分辨能力,文中研究了磁偶源瞬变电磁法快速成像的方法.详细讨论了电磁波与地震波在介质中的传播规律,分析了磁偶源瞬变电磁场在远区的响应特性.根据磁偶源瞬变电磁场与反射地震波的传播规律的相似性,提出了TEM资料拟地震快速成像解释的思路.理论模型正、反演计算结果表明方法理论是可行的,野外实测资料处理结果进一步说明了该方法是有效的.  相似文献   

从瞬变电磁场到波场的优化算法   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李貅  薛国强  宋建平  郭文波  武军杰 《地球物理学报》2005,48(5):1185-1190

在波场的正变换中,保证瞬变电磁场的计算精度的同时,应用两步最优化算法,成功地控制和减少了积分系数个数和离散数字积分的采样点个数,解决了在波场反变换式中,由于积分系数过多而产生的欠定方程组的问题,同时改善了第一类算子方程的不适定性.在波场反变换中,将正则化算法用于逆变换过程的计算中,通过采用偏差原理和Newton迭代格式选出最优的正则化参数,使得反变换所得到的波场稳定、可靠.通过对数值计算结果与已知波场函数对比,证明了该方法的有效性和实用性.  相似文献   

Evaluation and mapping of Dead Sea coastal aquifers salinity using Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) resistivity measurements     

Michael G. Ezersky  Amos Frumkin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2017,349(1):1-11

Evaporite karst has intensively developed recently along the Dead Sea (DS) coastal area in Israel and Jordan. It takes place in very saline groundwater dissolving buried salt layers, causing collapse of the surface. In this paper, groundwater salinity throughout the DS coastal area is investigated using the Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) method. Twenty-eight TEM soundings along the DS coastal area were carried out close to observation boreholes to calibrate resistivity–salinity relationships. Groundwater electrical conductivity was measured in these boreholes, and its salinity was analyzed at the laboratory by the Geological Survey of Israel (GSI). Quantitative relationships between bulk resistivity (ρ_x), water resistivity (ρ_w) and chloride concentration (C_cl) were derived in the resistivity range less than 1.0 Ω·m that enabled to evaluate the salinity of the aquifer in in situ conditions. Average values of the effective porosity of sandy sediments, φ_e = 0.32, and of silty ones, φ_e = 0.44, were used to generate the corresponding Archie equations. The study has shown that a DS aquifer with bulk resistivity in the range of 0.55–1.0 Ω·m contains in pores brine with 50–110 g_chloride/l of (22–50% of that in saturated conditions, respectively), i.e. it keeps the potential to dissolve up to 114–174 g/l of salt.  相似文献   

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of the transient shallow water flows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Haifei Liu  Jian Guo Zhou  Richard Burrows 《Advances in water resources》2010

A two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) is presented for transient shallow water flows. The model is based on the shallow water equations coupled with the large eddy simulation model. In order to obtain accurate results efficiently, a multi-block lattice scheme is applied at the area where a local finer grid is needed for strong change in physical variables. The model is verified by applying to five cases with transient processes: (a) a tidal wave over steps; (b) a perturbation over a submerged hump; (c) partial dam break flow; (d) circular dam break flow; (e) interaction between a dam break surge and four square cylinders. The objectives of this study are to validate the two-dimensional LBM in transient flow simulation and provide the detailed transient processes in shallow water flows.  相似文献