The role of research networks for science-policy collaboration in coastal areas     

T.A. Stojanovic  I. Ball  R.C. Ballinger  G. Lymbery  W. Dodds   《Marine Policy》2009,33(6):901

This paper reviews the approach taken by several UK coastal partnerships in developing research strategies and programmes. It reports on the status of these research initiatives and describes how the co-ordination and communication of scientific research have been approached through active partnerships with universities and the wider research community. Results of semi-structured interviews are followed by in-depth case studies of research networks on the Sefton Coast (focusing on coastal morphology) and the Severn Estuary (focusing on coastal change and climate change impacts). The results reveal the constraints and opportunities that exist in bringing together a variety of knowledge holders in the coastal zone. The paper identifies key elements of these initiatives and highlights lessons that can be applied to the development of other research initiatives in order to achieve science supported, ecosystem-based management.  相似文献   

Flandrian sea-level changes in the Fenland. II: Tendencies of sea-level movement,altitudinal changes,and local and regional factors     

Ian Shennan 《第四纪科学杂志》1986,1(2):155-179

Stratigraphic, micropalaeontologic and radiocarbon data show that since c. 6500 BP the Fenland has been influenced by 7 periods of positive sea-level tendencies and by 6 periods of negative sea-level tendencies. Despite the numerous problems associated with the reconstruction of past altitudes of sea level the periods of positive sea-level tendencies were clearly characterised by a rise in sea level, the development of transgressive overlaps and a landward movement of the coastline. The periods of negative sea-level tendencies were characterised by the development of regressive overlaps, a seaward movement of the coastline and a reduced or negative rate of sea-level rise. The various altitudinal errors do not permit the incontrovertible distinction of periods of falling sea levels. All changes within the Fenland were not synchronous and local factors influenced the exact nature of each sea-level indicator. Dominant regional and local factors have been identified for different areas and different time periods. The chronological and spatial characteristics of the sequences within the Fenland are best explained by a palaeocoastline without supratidal barriers controlling sedimentation. The data indicate an average crustal subsidence in the Fenland of 0.9m/1000 years since c. 6500 BP and the pattern of positive and negative tendencies of sea-level movement is also seen in the chronologies for north west England and north east Scotland.  相似文献   

Estimating the dispersion of biostratigraphic events in the subsurface by graphic correlation: an example from the Late Jurassic of the Wessex Basin, UK     

David H. Melnyk  John Athersuch  David G. Smith 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1992,9(6)

The strikingly cyclic character of digitally filtered gamma ray logs from the Oxfordian to Portlandian interval of the Wessex Basin, onshore United Kingdom, facilitates high resolution log correlation over considerable distances, allowing the systematic calibration of biostratigraphic with lithostratigraphic data through graphic correlation. This involves the systematic cross-plotting of biostratigraphic events, based on samples taken from cuttings and sidewall cores, from a set of wells to produce a composite standard. Initially the standard is a single well, chosen for maximum thickness and completeness. Biostratigraphic events are added to by drawing lines of correlation and projecting the data points onto the composite standard. The scatter of biostratigraphic events is generally such that a line of correlation cannot be drawn with confidence from the biostratigraphic data alone. Independent lines of correlation are established between wells by first matching cycles (? parasequences) on digitally filtered gamma ray traces and using these as a framework for adding biostratigraphic events to the composite standard. This has advantages over the conventional approach in that the effects of outliers in the data are minimized and hiatuses and subtle changes in rock accumulation rates become apparent. By adding all the biostratigraphic events from all wells to the composite standard a range chart is produced depicting the scatter or dispersion of all biostratigraphic events relative to the log based cycles. The end result is an integrated stratigraphy in which biostratigraphic events are calibrated against rock events giving a measure of dispersion, and hence confidence, for each biostratigraphic event.  相似文献   

Making modelling count - increasing the contribution of shelf-seas community and ecosystem models to policy development and management     

《Marine Policy》2015

Marine legislation is becoming more complex and marine ecosystem-based management is specified in national and regional legislative frameworks. Shelf-seas community and ecosystem models (hereafter termed ecosystem models) are central to the delivery of ecosystem-based management, but there is limited uptake and use of model products by decision makers in Europe and the UK in comparison with other countries. In this study, the challenges to the uptake and use of ecosystem models in support of marine environmental management are assessed using the UK capability as an example. The UK has a broad capability in marine ecosystem modelling, with at least 14 different models that support management, but few examples exist of ecosystem modelling that underpin policy or management decisions. To improve understanding of policy and management issues that can be addressed using ecosystem models, a workshop was convened that brought together advisors, assessors, biologists, social scientists, economists, modellers, statisticians, policy makers, and funders. Some policy requirements were identified that can be addressed without further model development including: attribution of environmental change to underlying drivers, integration of models and observations to develop more efficient monitoring programmes, assessment of indicator performance for different management goals, and the costs and benefit of legislation. Multi-model ensembles are being developed in cases where many models exist, but model structures are very diverse making a standardised approach of combining outputs a significant challenge, and there is a need for new methodologies for describing, analysing, and visualising uncertainties. A stronger link to social and economic systems is needed to increase the range of policy-related questions that can be addressed. It is also important to improve communication between policy and modelling communities so that there is a shared understanding of the strengths and limitations of ecosystem models.  相似文献   

Not in my back yard! Sports stadia location and the property market     

Larissa E Davies 《Area》2005,37(3):268-276

In recent years sports stadia have been built in the UK, not only for their intended sporting purpose but with the twin aim of stimulating economic and physical regeneration. However, proposals to locate stadia in urban areas often prompt a negative reaction from local communities, fearing a decline in property prices. This paper will use a case study of the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff and the City of Manchester Stadium to illustrate that in contrast to this widely held belief, sports stadia can actually enhance the value of residential property. Furthermore, it will argue that stadia also contribute indirectly to property value through the creation of pride, confidence and enhanced image of an area.  相似文献   

'Muddy glee': rounding out the picture of women and physical geography fieldwork     

Louise Bracken  Emma Mawdsley 《Area》2004,36(3):280-286

Fieldwork in geography has come under close scrutiny from feminist and postcolonial scholars in recent years. In relation to physical geography, commentators have pointed to a range of practices and images (notably the 'heroic', masculinist 'ideal') that have acted to deter and exclude women, from undergraduates to senior academics. For some, fieldwork is one of the key sites of gender discrimination for women in physical geography. This paper starts from a position of agreement with many of these critiques, but also seeks to 'reclaim' some more positive accounts and perspectives on the subject. In doing so, it aims to critique and disrupt the dominant image of physical geography fieldwork as essentially a masculinist endeavour, and encourage a wider view of the challenges and pleasures of fieldwork for women in physical geography.  相似文献   

New estimates of future changes in extreme rainfall across the UK using regional climate model integrations. 1. Assessment of control climate     

H.J. Fowler  M. Ekstrm  C.G. Kilsby  P.D. Jones 《Journal of Hydrology》2005,300(1-4):212-233

Widespread major flood events in both the UK and Europe over the last decade have focussed attention on perceived increases in rainfall intensities. The changing magnitude of such events may have significant impacts upon many sectors, particularly those associated with flooding, water resources and the insurance industry. Here, two methods are used to assess the performance of the HadRM3H model in the simulation of UK extreme rainfall: regional frequency analysis and individual grid box analysis. Both methods use L-moments to derive extreme value distributions of rainfall for 1-, 2-, 5- and 10-day events for both observed data from 204 sites across the UK (1961–1990) and gridded 50 km by 50 km data from the control climate integration of HadRM3H. Despite differences in spatial resolution between the observed and modelled data, HadRM3H provides a good representation of extreme rainfall at return periods of up to 50 years in most parts of the UK. Although the east–west rainfall gradient tends to be exaggerated, leading to some overestimation of extremes in high elevation western areas and an underestimation in eastern ‘rain shadowed’ regions, this suggests that the regional climate model will also have skill in predicting how rainfall extremes might change under enhanced greenhouse conditions.  相似文献   

Challenging assumptions of future coastal habitat development around the UK     

Julian D. Orford  John Pethick 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(13):1625-1642

One habitat management requirement forced by 21st century relative sea‐level rise (RSLR), will be the need to re‐comprehend the dimensions of long‐term transgressive behaviour of coastal systems being forced by such RSLR. Fresh approaches to the conceptual modelling and subsequent implementation of new coastal and peri‐marine habitats will be required. There is concern that existing approaches to forecasting coastal systems development (and by implication their associated scarce coastal habitats) over the next century depend on a certain premise of orderly spatial succession of habitats. This assumption is shown to be questionable given the possible future rates of RSLR, magnitude of shoreline retreat and the lack of coastal sediment to maintain the protective morphologies to low‐energy coastal habitats. Of these issues, sediment deficiency is regarded as one of the major problem for future habitat development. Examples of contemporary behaviour of UK coasts show evidence of coastal sediment starvation resulting from relatively stable RSLR, anthropogenic sealing of coastal sources, and intercepted coastal sediment pathways, which together force segmentation of coastal systems. From these examples key principles are deduced which may prejudice the existence of future habitats: accelerated future sediment demand due to RSLR may not be met by supply and, if short‐ to medium‐term hold‐the‐line policies predominate, long‐term strategies for managed realignment and habitat enhancement may prove impossible goals. Methods of contemporary sediment husbandry may help sustain some habitats in place but otherwise, instead of integrated coastal organization, managers may need to consider coastal breakdown, segmentation and habitat reduction as the basis of 21st century coastal evolution and planning. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

THE MERGER OF THE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOCIETY AND THE REMOTE SENSING SOCIETY     

R. P. Kirby 《The Photogrammetric Record》2003,18(101):59-74

The attempts by A. S. Macdonald in the late 1980s and by J. A. Allan in the mid-1990s to integrate the UK societies and professional organisations within the spatial science field are described. The Photogrammetric Society, noting a long-term decline in its membership, set up an internal working group in 1997 to consider the future of the Society. A lengthy questionnaire to all individual members produced a 57% response and mandatory support for renewed action on greater inter-society cooperation.
A further effort to produce a wide amalgamation of bodies in the UK spatial science field on the Macdonald/Allan models failed for lack of support nationally. As a smaller step, perhaps to be extended later, a merger with the Remote Sensing Society was eventually agreed. The subsequent lengthy and delicate negotiations necessary to bring about a successful merger between these two mature, independently minded learned societies are described. The two societies were formally merged on 1st April 2001.
The author was a member of both the Photogrammetric and the Remote Sensing Societies and chaired the External Affairs Committee of the Photogrammetric Society preceding the merger.  相似文献   

History of the Photogrammetric Society     

P. Lamboit 《The Photogrammetric Record》2002,17(100):601-614

The Photogrammetric Society was formed in 1952. The Council of the Society considered that the twentieth anniversary was a good point at which to record the events which led to its formation and the significant occasions and decisions which have taken place since 1952. Consequently, Paul Lamboit was invited to compile this History. He has placed the birth and development of the society within the national and international photogrammetric context and his record of the deliberations which took place between 1947 and 1952 will be of particular interest to historians of our subject.
This account was first published in a limited edition in 1971. Sufficient interest has since been expressed to prompt a wider circulation through publication in the Photogrammetric Record .
The author served the Society continuously in several official capacities from 1953 to 1969 and he was elected to Honorary Membership in 1969.  相似文献