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31.
Because total UV(TUV) in the UV-A region is 100 times higher than in the UV-B region,UV-A is a considerable component when calculating erythemal UV(EUV) and UV-index.The ratio of EUV to TUV in the UV-A value [EUV(A)/TUV(A)]is investigated to convert the EUV(A) from TUV(A) for broadband observation. The representative value of EUV(A)/TUV(A),from the simulation study,is 6.9 × 10-4,changing from 6.1 × 10-4to 7.0 × 10-4as aerosol optical depth,total ozone and solar zenith angle change. By adopting the observational data of EUV(B) and TUV(A) from UV-biometer measurements at Yonsei University [(37.57?N,126.95?E),84 m above sea level],the EUV irradiance increases to 15% of EUV(B) due to the consideration of EUV(A) from the data of TUV(A) observation. Compared to the total EUV observed from the Brewer spectrophotometer at the same site,the EUV(B) from the UV-biometer observes only 95% of total EUV,and its underestimation is caused by neglecting the effect of UV-A. However,the sum of EUV(B) and EUV(A) [EUV(A+B)] from two UV-biometers is 10% larger than the EUV from the Brewer spectrophotometer because of the spectral overlap effect in the range 320–340nm. The correction factor for the overlap effect adjusts 8% of total EUV. 相似文献
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We evaluated the effects of red and blue light on the repair of UV-B radiation-induced damage in tetraspores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm. Tetraspores of C. ocellatus were treated with different UV-B radiation levels(0,36,72,108,144 and 180 J/m2),and thereafter subjected to PAR,darkness,or red or blue light during a 2-h repair stage,each day for 48 days. The diameters and cellular contents of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers(CPDs),chlorophyll a(Chl a),phycoerythrin,and UV-B-absorbing mycosporinelike amino acids(MAAs) contents of the tetraspores were determined. Our results show that low doses of UV-B radiation(36 and 72 J/m 2) promoted the growth of C. ocellatus; however,increased UV-B radiation gradually reduced the C. ocellatus growth(greater than 72 J/m2). The MAAs(palythine and asterina-330) in C. ocellatus were detected and analyzed by LC/MS. Our results suggest that moderate red light could induce the growth of this alga in aquaculture. In addition,photorepair was inhibited by red light,so there may be some other DNA repair mechanism activated by red light. Blue light promoted the activity of DNA photolyase,greatly improving remediation efficiency. Red and blue lights were found to reduce the capacity of C. ocellatus to form MAAs. Therefore,PAR,red light,and blue light play different roles during the repair processes for damage induced by UV-B radiation. 相似文献
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云南高原湖泊有色可溶性有机物和颗粒物光谱吸收特性 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3
云南高原湖泊是我国湖泊分布最密集的五大湖群之一,不但湖泊数量众多而且类型多样.由于湖泊所处位置海拔较高,容易受只益增强UV-B辐射影响.通过对云南高原34个湖泊有色可溶性有机物和颗粒物吸收测定,分析其光谱吸收特性及对总吸收的贡献,有利于深刻理解紫外辐射在高原湖泊内衰减.不同湖泊间CDOM吸收差异明显,其大小与水体营养盐状况相关,CDOM吸收系数与水体总氮存在显著正相关.增加背景项的指数函数模型能最好模拟CDOM光谱吸收.除在浮游植物浓度非常高的杞麓湖、听湖、星云湖,颗粒物吸收系数在675nm附近存在一个吸收蜂外,其它湖泊总颗粒物光谱吸收大致随波长的增加吸收系数逐渐降低,呈现非色素颗粒物光谱吸收特征,整体上颗粒物吸收以非色素颗粒物为主.CDOM对总吸收的贡献主要集中在600nm以下波长,尤其是400nm以下的紫外波段,其在紫外波段(350-400nm)的贡献明显要大于光合有效辐射波段(400-700nm)(ANOVA,P<0.001).特别对于透明度SD≥1.0的清澈型湖泊,CDOM吸收对紫外辐射衰减的贡献更大,其吸收很大程度上决定了紫外辐射的影响深度. 相似文献
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UV-B辐射对指状许水蚤效应的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探讨UV-B辐射增强对海洋生态系统的影响,通过实验生态学的方法,研究了UV-B辐射对指状许水蚤(Schmacheria inopinus,Burckhardt)雌雄成体的致死率、摄食率和滤水率的影响。结果表明,在实验所设定的辐射剂量下,指状许水蚤雄性成体对UV-B辐射的致死率明显高于雌性成体的致死率;UV-B辐射对雄性成体的24h的半数致死剂量(24h.LD50)为5.77kJ/m2,而对雌性成体48h的半数致死剂量(48h.LD50)为5.04kJ/m2。在较低剂量下(0~1.728kJ/m2),UV-B辐射对雌雄成体的摄食率(F)和滤水率(G)都有明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
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UV-B辐射增强对壶状臂尾轮虫摄食的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了UV-B辐射条件下壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionusurceus)对6株海洋微藻:小球藻(Chlorellasp.)、绿色巴夫藻(Pavlovauiridis)、扁藻(Tetraselmischuii)、球等鞭金藻8701(IsochrysisgalbanaPark8701)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetocerosmuelleri)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschiaclostertum)的室内摄食实验。结果表明,UV-B辐射增强对壶状臂尾轮虫的摄食有显著的抑制作用。与对照组相比,壶状臂尾轮虫对给定饵料单胞藻的滤水率和摄食率都随UV-B辐射剂量的增大而显著减小(P<0.05)。而且壶状臂尾轮虫对每一种饵料单胞藻的滤水率和摄食率是不相同的,这说明壶状臂尾轮虫对饵料单胞藻是有选择性的。 相似文献
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探讨UV-B辐射对海带幼孢子体的影响,运用实验生态学的方法,研究了高(93.6 J·m-2·d-1)、中(46.8 J·m-2·d-1 )、低(11.7 J·m-2·d-1)3个剂量的UV-B辐射对海带幼孢子体生长和生理状况的影响.辐射处理期间(第2～10天),3个辐射剂量处理组的海带幼孢子体体长和体重的相对增长率显著低于对照组(0 J·m-2·d-1);第6～10天期间,低剂量处理组和高剂量处理组的叶绿素a(Chl-a)含量与对照组相比呈现出完全相反的变化趋势,前者显著高于对照组,后者显著低于对照组;中、高剂量处理组的ATP酶活性在整个实验期间均显著低于对照组,而低剂量组与对照组无显著差异.氮(N)、磷(P)元素缺乏与中剂量UV-B联合作用条件下的海带幼孢子体体长、体重相对增长率与中剂量单独处理组无显著差异;辐射处理初期(第2～4天),N、P缺乏与中剂量UV-B辐射共同处理组的ATP酶活性明显高于单独辐射处理组,后期(第10天)则显著低于单独辐射处理组;N、P元素缺乏加剧了中剂量UV-B辐射对海带幼孢子体Chl-a含量的影响效应,N、P缺乏与中剂量UV-B辐射共同处理组的Chl-a含量显著低于中剂量UV-B辐射处理组.在高剂量UV-B辐射处理的同时,附加一定强度的光合有效辐射(photosynthetically active radiation,PAR,400～700 nm)能在一定程度上减轻UV-B辐射对海带幼孢子体生长和生理状况的影响程度. 相似文献
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研究了不同辐照强度的UV-B辐射对绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis Tseng)生长、光合色素和两种抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明,(1)低强度辐射处理的绿色巴夫藻在正常培养后生长有所恢复,经辐照强度为2μW/cm2的UV-B处理的藻在培养第10天的吸光度与对照接近,大于6μW/cm2的UV-B处理的藻基本无法恢复生长;(2)处理组叶绿素a(Chla)含量均低于对照,且随辐射强度的增大不断下降,辐照强度为12μW/cm2处理组比对照下降了85.20%;(3)类胡萝卜素(CAR)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均随辐射强度的增大先升高后下降,最高含量分别比对照提高了38.55%和49.41%;(4)过氧化物酶(POD)活性随辐射强度的增大不断升高,辐照强度为12μW/cm2处理组是对照的7.98倍。UV-B辐射对绿色巴夫藻生长产生了明显的抑制作用,CAR,SOD和POD可能在绿色巴夫藻抵抗UV-B辐射中起着保护作用。 相似文献
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多环芳烃对3种赤潮微藻类胡萝卜素含量的影响及其对UV-B辐射的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
评价UV-B辐射增强对海洋生态系统的影响,通过实验生态学的方法,研究3种多环芳烃——菲、芘和蒽对3种赤潮微藻——赤潮异弯藻、塔玛亚历山大藻和中肋骨条藻类胡萝卜素含量的影响。结果表明:低浓度的菲、芘和蒽处理使3种赤潮微藻的类胡萝卜素含量有所提高,而高浓度处理则降低藻细胞内的类胡萝卜素含量。菲、芘和蒽处理对赤潮异弯藻类胡萝卜素含量的96 h半抑制剂量分别为0.098,0.124和0.139 mg.L-1,对中肋骨条藻的96 h半抑制剂量分别为0.120,0.147和0.155 mg.L-1,对塔玛亚历山大藻的96 h半抑制剂量分别为0.128,0.153和0.162 mg.L-1。在菲、芘和蒽处理的同时,附加辐射剂量为0.3 J.m-2的UV-B辐射处理,3种赤潮微藻的类胡萝卜素含量显著降低。 相似文献
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