绿片岩三轴流变力学特性的研究(II):模型分析   总被引：29，自引：6，他引：29  

徐卫亚  杨圣奇  谢守益  邵建富  王义锋 《岩土力学》2005,26(5):693-698

首先,基于在岩石全自动流变伺服仪上得到的绿片岩三轴流变试验曲线,采用五元件线性粘弹性模型对表现为粘弹性流变特性的曲线进行了辨识,获得了绿片岩的粘弹性流变参数;然后,提出了一个新的非线性粘性元件,并将其与塑性体并联起来,得到一个新的非线性粘塑性体(NVPB),该体能充分反映岩石的加速流变特性:同时,将NVPB模型与五元件粘弹性模型串联起来,建立了一个新的岩石七元件非线性粘弹塑性流变模型。采用绿片岩加速流变全过程曲线,对提出的岩石七元件非线性粘弹塑性流变模型进行了辨识,得到了岩石七元件非线性粘弹塑性流变模型的材料参数。流变模型与试验结果的比较,显示了所建模型的正确性与合理性。  相似文献   

中国农业干旱脆弱性分区研究   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23       下载免费PDF全文

倪深海  顾颖  王会容 《水科学进展》2005,16(5):705-709

根据各地水资源的特点、农业受旱成灾的情况及水利设施抗旱能力,确定农业干旱脆弱性分区的原则和指标,构造层次分析模型。应用MapInfo6.0软件绘制了中国农业干旱脆弱性分区图,结果表明:在全国340个农业干旱脆弱性分区中,极严重脆弱区47个,严重脆弱区104个,一般脆弱区175个,轻度脆弱区14个。  相似文献   

地下水库调蓄能力综合评价的指标体系与模糊集方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

郑德凤  王本德  年廷凯 《水科学进展》2005,16(5):720-725

从维护生态平衡与水资源可持续开发利用的角度定义了地下水库的调蓄能力,提出地下水库调蓄能力综合评价的指标体系。并在模糊模式识别理论与模型的基础上,去除指标间的相关性,建立一种适合于对多指标体系的地下水库调蓄能力进行综合评价的多层模糊模式识别交叉迭代模型。实例应用表明,该模型具有能同时考虑定性与定量指标,又能将迭代结果与决策者经验知识相结合来确定多指标权重的优点,便于推广应用。  相似文献   

山东省伏期旱涝评定及其振荡特征分析     

李君  李淑玲 《山东气象》2005,25(3):5-7

利用山东省伏期降水量资料，用Z指数法划分山东伏期旱涝等级，评定伏期极端旱涝年，并与山东省全年、夏季降水的演变进行比较，发现伏期降水的阶段性特点比较明显，而干旱化趋势不明显，存在10年和2～3年的显著周期。  相似文献   

INTENSITY INDEX OF SOUTH CHINA SEA MONSOON AND ITS VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS     

吴尚森  梁建茵 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2002,8(1):1-9

According to the basic characteristics of the activities of summer monsoon in the South China Sea,Standardized index,Is,has been designed that integrates a dynamic factor(southwesterly component) and a thermodynamic factor(OLR) for the indication of summer monsoon in the South China Sea,With the index determined for individual months of June,July and August and the entire summertime from 1975 to 1999,specific months and years are indicated that are either strong or weak in monsoon intensity,The variation is studied for the patterns and Is‘s relationship is revealed with the onset of summer monsoon and the precipitation in Guang-dong province and China.The results show that there are quasi-10 and quasi-3-4 year cycles in the interannual variation of the monsooon over the past 25 years.When it has an early(late)onset,the summer monsoon is usually strong (weak),In the strong(weak)monsoon,years,precipitation tends to be more(less)in the first raining season of the year but normal or less(normal)in the second,in the province,but it would be more(less) in northeastern China and most parts of the northern china and south of the lower reaches of the Changjiang River and less(more)in the middle and lower reaches of the river,western part of northern China and western China.  相似文献   

紫外线模式预报方法的研究和试验   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

沈元芳  况石 《应用气象学报》2002,13(Z1):223-231

文章介绍了在T106全球谱模式中应用大气辐射传输模式预报紫外线辐射(UVR)的方法,给出了试验运行的结果.UVR强度的划分考虑了到达地表的UVR通量.参考国内、外紫外线(UV)预报服务的经验,制定了5个日光暴露的级别、相应的紫外线指数(UVI)及防护措施.1999年9月起,国家气象中心已在NOTES网上每月不定期地展示UVR预报的一些结果,2000年9月起,在Cray-C92业务操作系统上实施了连续的试验运行.  相似文献   

The influence of the coast on the dynamics of upwelling fronts: Part II. Numerical simulations     

Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot  Vincent Echevin 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2002,36(1-3)

We investigated the dynamics of upwelling fronts near a coast. This work was first motivated by laboratory experiments [Bouruet-Aubertot, Linden, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 2002] in which the front is produced by the adjustment of a buoyant fluid initially confined within a bottomless cylinder. It was shown that cyclonic eddies consisting of coastal waters are enhanced when the front is unstable near the coast (the outer vertical boundary). The purpose of this paper is to provide further insights into this process. We reproduced the experimental configuration using a three-dimensional model of the primitive equations. We first show that for coastal fronts more potential energy, in terms of the maximum available potential energy, is released than for open-ocean fronts. Therefore, waves of larger amplitude are generated during the adjustment and the mean flow that establishes has a higher kinetic energy in the former case. Then as baroclinic instability starts and wave crests reach the boundary, cyclonic eddies are enhanced as in the laboratory experiments and in a similar way. However, in contrast to the laboratory experiments, offshore advection of cyclonic eddies can occur in two stages, depending on the spatial organization of the baroclinic wave. When the baroclinic wave consists of the sum of different modes and is thus highly asymmetric, the offshore advection of cyclonic eddies occurs just after their enhancement at the boundary, as in the laboratory experiments. By contrast, when a single-mode baroclinic wave develops, neighboring cyclonic eddies first merge before being advected offshore. Very different behavior is observed for open-ocean fronts. First a mixed baroclinic–barotropic instability grows. Then the eddies transfer their energy to the mean flow and the barotropic and baroclinic instabilities start again. An excellent agreement is obtained with the main result obtained in the laboratory experiments: the ratio between growth rates of surface cyclonic and anticyclonic vorticity increases as the instability develops nearer to the coast.  相似文献   

可持续发展评估指标、方法及应用研究   总被引：31，自引：1，他引：31  

张志强  程国栋  徐中民 《冰川冻土》2002,24(4):344-360

可持续发展评估指标及方法研究是可持续发展定量评估研究的基础,是实施可持续发展管理的依据,是生态经济学与可持续发展研究的前沿领域和热点问题之一. 在概括介绍可持续发展评估的工具--指标/指数的概念和功能、国际上代表性可持续发展研究机构指标选取的原则的基础上,全面分析归纳了可持续发展指标(体系)的类型及其框架模式. 详细介绍了联合国可持续发展委员会(UNCSD)、经济合作与发展组织(OECD)、世界保护同盟(IUCN)、世界银行等国际上代表性机构的可持续发展系统性指标体系的最新研究进展,并分析了这些系统性指标体系的优缺点. 深入分析了国际上典型的社会发展类、经济发展类、生态环境类可持续发展指标(指数)的研究、开发与实际评估应用的情况. 最后,总结了当前可持续发展指标(体系)研究的特点与趋势.  相似文献   

Drought in Bulgaria and atmospheric synoptic conditions over Europe   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Liem Tran  C. Gregory Knight  Victoria Wesner 《GeoJournal》2002,57(3):149-157

Drought in Bulgaria is analyzed from the multiple viewpoints of statistical occurrence, spatial patterns, and synoptic conditions. A new index of drought, the SD (spatial-dryness) index, characterizes drought by both intensity and spatial extent. The occurrence of the SD index is analyzed using global gridded data sets. Examination of transitional probabilities of multiple months and years with drought occurrence suggests persistence is sufficiently frequent to be important for climate-related environmental planning. Finally, it is shown that specific seasonal synoptic patterns are associated with wet and dry conditions in Bulgaria. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Hydration and refractive indices of Holocene tephra glass in Hokkaido, Northern Japan     

Yugo Nakamura  Yoshinori Katayama  Kazuomi Hirakawa 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2002,114(3-4)

Refractive indices of incompletely hydrated tephra glasses vary widely. Thus, glass refractive index is not a practical indicator for identifying Holocene tephras. Hydration near the surface of tephra glass shards can be removed by either hydrofluoric acid treatment or annealing for 12 h at 400°C. The annealing procedure is a particularly reliable and simple way to dehydrate tephra glasses. Standard deviations (s) of refractive indices for glasses after 12 h annealing are small (s=0.0014–0.0018), in contrast with untreated glasses (s=0.0034–0.0405). The refractive indices of dehydrated tephra glasses are 0.006–0.014 lower than those of the untreated (hydrated) glasses. Using the 400°C 12-h annealing procedure, values for the refractive indices of eight Holocene tephras in Hokkaido were obtained. These refractive indices are useful indicators for identification and correlation of Holocene tephras.  相似文献