山东半岛沿岸泻湖粘土矿物及其来源     

张军  孙晓霞 《海洋科学》2002,26(6):5-9

对山东半岛沿岸7个泻湖的表层沉积物中的细颗粒成分中的粘土矿物进行了定性和半定量分析，并描述了矿物特征，发现粘土矿物的百分含量判别很大，其中蒙皂石的含量在地域上由西向东规则递减。泻湖与海水的交换状况对粘土组分有相当的影响，不久前封闭的泻湖的粘土矿物成分与未封闭的泻湖不同，显示了物源、物源成分的搬运距离及水体交换等因素的明显影响，表明了泻湖沉积物与环境动力及物源有密切关系。  相似文献   

山东荣成砂坝潟湖下第四纪淡水资源     

李从先  王锡国 《海洋科学》1991,(4)

荣成沿岸砂坝-泻湖沉积体系之下、更新世沉积扇之中存在淡水资源。这对严重缺水的荣成沿岸有重要意义。冲积扇形成于第四纪冰期低海面时,冰后期海面上升使之部分地淹没,之后近岸水域演化为砂坝泻当湖。冲积扇的根部和中部是淡水的补给区,前缘以隔水层与上覆的海水和砂坝泻湖沉积隔开,保护淡水不受污染。山丘海岸具有类似条件的地区均有富存这种淡水的可能性。这为寻找沿岸地下淡水指出了新的方向。  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial changes of macroalgae and phytoplankton in a Mediterranean coastal area: the Venice lagoon as a case study   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Sfriso A  Facca C  Ghetti PF 《Marine environmental research》2003,56(5):617-636

Since the late 1980s the lagoon of Venice, a shallow Mediterranean coastal area, has experienced strong environmental changes. Macroalgae, which were the predominant primary producers of the lagoon, reduced markedly, but neither phytoplankton nor seagrasses replaced them. Temporal and spatial changes in macroalgal standing crop (SC) and phytoplankton concentration were investigated between 1987 and 1998. Maps of macroalgal SC show a marked declining trend. Biomass in fresh weight decreased from: 558 ktonnes in 1987, to 85 ktonnes in 1993 and to 8.7 ktonnes in 1998. As a whole, the biomass in 1998 was only 1.6% of the biomass recorded in 1987. Similarly the macroalgal net (NPP) and gross (GPP) primary production decreased from ca. 1502 and 9721 ktonnes year(-1) to ca. 44 and 229 ktonnes year(-1), respectively. In the early 1990s the clam Tapes philippinarum Adams & Reeve and seagrasses, especially Zostera marina Linnaeus, colonised the bottoms free of macroalgae, but the development of intense clam-fishing activities prevented both phytoplankton blooms and seagrass spreading. Maps of chlorophyll a drawn according to data collected in parallel to macroalgal standing crop show unchanged concentrations. Macroalgae changes are enhanced by comparing annual trends in four areas of the central lagoon during 1989-1992 and 1998-1999. In those areas phytoplankton also decreased significantly. Marked changes of some environmental variables strongly associated with the primary production were recorded both during the lagoon mapping and in the areas studied on a yearly basis.  相似文献   

Limnological studies of Amarga Lagoon,Chile: A saline lake in Patagonian South America     

Hugo Campos  Doris Soto  Oscar Parra  Wladimir Steffen  Gloria Aguero 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(4):301-314

Amarga Lagoon, lat. 50°29 S and long. 73°45 S, it is located at the Torres del Paine National Park, Chile. The physical, chemical, and biological features of the lake were studied. According to salinity, the lake is mesosaline. Sodium and chloride were the dominant ions. Nitrogen was potentially limiting for phytoplankton growth. One Cyanophyceae species andArtemia were the predominant species in the plankton.Artemia provided abundant food for flamingoes.  相似文献   

Simulating the mobile barrier (MOSE) operation in the Venice Lagoon, Italy: global sea level rise and its implication for navigation     

Georg Umgiesser  Bruno Matticchio 《Ocean Dynamics》2006,56(3-4):320-332

Three years of mobile barrier operations have been simulated with a hydrodynamic model to check the efficiency of the barriers in defending the city of Venice from flooding. The simulations have been carried out in the actual situation and with a sea-level rise of 30 and 50 cm. Moreover, the interference of the barrier operations with the ship traffic has been studied. It is found that without a security increment for the forecasted water levels, the mobile barriers cannot defend completely Venice from flooding due to the uncertainty in the forecast. With a security increment of 10 cm, the barriers work well in actual conditions but still cannot avoid flooding with a global sea-level rise. The interference with the ship traffic is acceptable under actual conditions but becomes prohibitive with a sea-level rise of 50 cm, when nearly two-thirds of the ship passages are blocked or delayed.  相似文献   

An evolutionary model for sabkha development on the north coast of the UAE   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Al-Farraj   《Journal of Arid Environments》2005,63(4):740-755

The north coast of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) provides a typical example of coastal sabkha (supratidal flat) formation. Various stages of sabkha development can be recognized along this coast. This paper combines previous studies of sabkha environment with the results of field investigation of sabkha geomorphology, sedimentology, and stratigraphy on the north coast of UAE, to formulate a model of sabkha evolution.The model has six stages in the evolution of coastal sabkhas following the early Holocene sea-level rise. These are: Stage 1: sea-level rise results in the formation of an embayment. Stage 2: involves subsequent spit development and progradation across the bay as a result of sediment availability. Stage 3: coincident with spit evolution is the development of a khor (tidal inlet) with or without mangrove. Channel depth of Khors varies from 4 to 6 m. Stage 4: sediment accumulates in the khor reducing the khor depth, turning it into a lagoon. There are three sub-stages of the lagoon stage. (a) With lagoon depths of 1–2 m, (b) with lagoon depths 0.5 m or less, (c) when the lagoon floor is exposed at low tide. Stage 5: is sabkha formation; development occurs in two sub-stages. In the first the sabkha is immature and flooded during rain storms and spring tides (0.1 m above present sea-level). Later the sabkha is only flooded after rainstorms, when it reaches an elevation of about 1 m or more above present sea-level. Stage 6: in sabkha development is the coastal plain, which results when large sabkhas are linked together.  相似文献   

The attenuation of tidal and subtidal oscillations in the Patos Lagoon estuary     

E. H. L. Fernandes  I. Mariño-Tapia  K. R. Dyer  O. O. Möller 《Ocean Dynamics》2004,54(3-4):348-359

The single, long and narrow channel that usually connects choked coastal lagoons to the ocean can serve as a natural hydraulic low-pass filter that reduces or eliminates tidal and subtidal effects inside the lagoon. This study proposes an alternative method of estimating the attenuation of the tidal and subtidal oscillations throughout the Patos Lagoon estuary. The attenuation is estimated for conditions of contrasting river runoff and weather (summer and winter). A high-pass/low-pass filter (fast fourier transformation technique – FFT) is applied to time series of sea-surface elevation (SSE) measured at the mouth of the Patos Lagoon. The resulting high-frequency (tidal) and low-frequency (subtidal) signals are used in independent simulations to force the TELEMAC-2D model. Attenuation of the tidal and subtidal signals throughout the estuary is estimated by applying cross-spectral analysis between the model-generated SSE time series at different locations throughout the estuary and the filtered SSE time series measured at the mouth. Results from the proposed method suggest that: (1) the low-frequency (subtidal) oscillations are less attenuated and propagate further than the high-frequency (tidal) oscillations in the Patos Lagoon estuary; (2) the filtering capability of the Patos Lagoon estuary is expected to follow a seasonal pattern, although further investigations on an interannual time scale are recommended in order to confirm this hypothesis; (3) the influence of the oceanic boundary processes on the SSE dynamics of the lagoon is restricted to the lower estuary. Further inland, the local forcing generated by the wind and freshwater input is likely to be the main forcing effect controlling the dynamics of the system. The proposed method proved to be an efficient and alternative way of estimating the attenuation of energy in the tidal and subtidal bands throughout the access channel of a choked coastal lagoon located in an area of reduced tidal influence.Responsible Editor: Iris Grabemann  相似文献   

Distribution and nature of organic matter in recent sediments of Lake Nokoué, Benin (West Africa)     

F. Gadel  H. Texier 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1986,22(6)

The distribution and nature of organic matter clearly identify the principle sectors of the lagoon which vary according to hydrological and sedimentological conditions. The central area frequently includes coarse ancient fluviatile sediments. The rare organic matter there offers aliphatic and nitrogenous characters which may be derived from both the origin of organic matter (algae and meiofauna) and the level of oxygenation prevailing during deposition. In the southern sector, highly oxygenated conditions resulting from sea currents generated by the Cotonou outlet could cause the elimination of labile compounds, and hence be responsible for the high degradation state of organic matter. In the western sector, still water conditions allow fine sediments to be deposited. This frequently leads to the accumulation of organic matter showing such reducing conditions that they allow the integration of sulphur in humic compounds and a decrease of their solubility. In the northern area, the contribution of terrestrial material supplied by the Ouémé and Sô rivers is clearly indicated by the low average percentages of hydrolyzable fraction, C/N ratios ranging between 9 and 15, while H/C and N/C ratios are low in humic acids.  相似文献   

Impact of vertical structure on water mass circulation in a tropical lagoon (Ebrié, Ivory Coast)     

Isabelle Brenon  Olivier Audouin  Nicolas Pouvreau  Jean-Christophe Maurin 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2009,55(1-2):47

A one-dimensional vertical model has been developed to simulate the water mass circulation along the vertical structure in all deep coastal areas. The model has hydrodynamic and transport components solved using finite difference scheme. The one-dimensional vertical model results are coupled to the vertically averaged two-dimensional model results at each point of a horizontal grid. A theoretical salinity profile is introduced for each vertically integrated value obtained from the 2DH model results. A viscosity profile, simulating a viscosity value close to zero at the surface and with large viscosity gradients, is applied along the water column. The model is applied to the Vridi channel, connecting the Ebrié lagoon to the sea (Ivory Coast).The response of the Ebrié lagoon is studied in terms of inflow and outflow of water in the system through the Vridi channel. Due to the abrupt variation of the surface slope, vertical velocities along the water column show an anticlockwise spiral from bottom to surface during a tidal cycle. Due to the bottom friction and to the vertical viscosity profile, velocities decrease from surface to bottom. However, the freshwater inflow slows down the tidal propagation during the flood and causes the surface velocity to be smaller than the bottom velocity at mid-tide. Close to the bottom, velocities follow an anticlockwise movement due to the tidal propagation. At the water surface, velocities follow only an alternative movement of either ebb or flood, along the channel direction. No cross shore velocities can develop at the surface in the channel.  相似文献   

Diatom response to mid-Holocene climate change in Lago di Massaciuccoli (Tuscany,Italy)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Aldo Marchetto  Daniele Colombaroli  Willy Tinner 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(1):235-245

A sedimentary sequence from the Mediterranean coastal basin of Lago di Massaciuccoli (Tuscany, Italy) was analyzed for diatoms, covering two periods over the past ca. 7,000 years. The site was selected because it is situated in a sensitive position at the limit between Mediterranean and Central European climates and biomes. Our focus is on the impact of accelerated human activity during the recent past (water uptake in the catchment, sand extraction, wastewater discharge) and on a phase of evident change between 6,600 and 5,400 cal. BP. The diatom record suggests fresh-water conditions and rather high lake levels until ca. 6,000 years ago. The subsequent shift towards brackish conditions peaked at around 5,500 cal. BP. We relate this shift to a pervasive change towards a drier climate that has been observed elsewhere in the Mediterranean and Northern African regions, and stands in contrast to the shift towards a cooler and more humid climate in the nearby Alps (200–350 km distant) and in central Europe. Pollen and charcoal records from a previous study on the same sedimentary sequence were used to gain additional insights about the causes of the changes in the diatom assemblages and apply numerical methods to search for common trends and correlations.  相似文献