Diel tuning of photosynthetic systems in ice algae at Saroma-ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shimpei Aikawa  Hiroshi Hattori  Yasushi Gomi  Kentaro Watanabe  Sakae Kudoh  Yasuhiro Kashino  Kazuhiko Satoh 《Polar Science》2009,3(1):57-72

Ice algae are the major primary producers in seasonally ice-covered oceans during the cold season. Diurnal change in solar radiation is inevitable for ice algae, even beneath seasonal sea ice in lower-latitude regions. In this work, we focused on the photosynthetic response of ice algae under diurnally changing irradiance in Saroma-ko Lagoon, Japan. Photosynthetic properties were assessed by pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. The species composition remained almost the same throughout the investigation. The maximum electron transport rate (rETR_max), which indicates the capacity of photosynthetic electron transport, increased from sunrise until around noon and decreased toward sunset, with no sign of the afternoon depression commonly observed in other photosynthetic organisms. The level of non-photochemical quenching, which indicates photoprotection activity by dissipating excess light energy via thermal processes, changed with diurnal variations in irradiance. The pigment composition appeared constant, except for xanthophyll cycle pigments, which changed irrespective of irradiance. These results indicate that ice algae tune their photosynthetic system harmonically to achieve efficient photosynthesis under diurnally changing irradiance, while avoiding damage to photosystems. This regulation system may be essential for productive photosynthesis in ice algae.  相似文献   

The use of statistical methods to separate natural background and anthropogenic concentrations of trace elements in radio-chronologically selected surface sediments of the Venice Lagoon     

S.E. Apitz  C. Cantaluppi 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(3):402-414

A new method has been developed that predicts the natural background concentrations of microelements of interest in sediments using the concentrations of various components present in the sample. This is done by developing multiple linear regressions using a dataset which has been selected, using radiochronological dating and statistical methods, to reflect the concentration distributions of natural levels of a large number of sediment constituents. This method is demonstrated in Venice Lagoon, using data generated in a lagoon-wide sampling effort. A quantitative assessment is carried out of the variability of natural background levels at the lagoon scale for the main inorganic microelements, and distribution maps of the background and anthropogenic concentrations of a selected metal (Ni) in sediments at the lagoon scale are presented. With sufficient data, this method can be applied in other areas, allowing for a site-specific separation of natural background and anthropogenic levels of microconstituents in sediments, providing insights into regional geochemistry and aiding in the risk-based management of coastal sediments.  相似文献   

Acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker of exposure to neurotoxic compounds in the clam Tapes philippinarum from the Lagoon of Venice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Matozzo V  Tomei A  Marin MG 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(12):1686-1693

Measurement of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is widely used as a biomarker of exposure to neurotoxic compounds in aquatic environments. In the present study, AChE activity was monitored in the clam Tapes philippinarum in the Lagoon of Venice, with the aim of evaluating the possible exposure of animals to neurotoxic compounds. Two sampling strategies were followed. In the first case, temporal and spatial variations of AChE activity were measured in clams collected seasonally (from October 2003 to June 2004) in 3 sites of the Lagoon: Campalto (site 1), near a sewage treatment plant, Marghera (site 2), a highly polluted area, and Poveglia (site 3), a reference site. The condition index (CI) of clams was also calculated. In the second case, AChE activity was measured in clams collected at the end of seasonal samplings in 12 sites located throughout the Lagoon: areas licensed for clam farming (sites 5 to 11), nearby canals characterised by waste waters from agricultural areas (sites 4, 12, 13, 14), and a reference site outside the Lagoon (site 15). Results revealed a significant reduction in AChE activity in clams from Marghera in October, January and April, indicating their probable exposure to neurotoxic compounds originating in the industrial zone of Porto Marghera. A seasonal trend in AChE activity was also observed, enzyme activity being higher in January and lower in June. Clams from Campalto generally had higher CI values than those from Marghera and Poveglia. However, no particular correlation between AChE activity and CI was found. Lastly, marked differences in AChE activity were recorded when comparing enzyme activity of clams from various sites in the Lagoon of Venice with those of clams collected at site 15. Significant reductions in AChE activity were observed in animals collected in both nearby canals and licensed areas, indicating the homogeneous spatial distribution of potentially neurotoxic compounds throughout the Lagoon. It is probable that sediment mobilisation caused by clam harvesting and the passage of shipping plays an important role in resuspension of persistent contaminants having neurotoxic activity.  相似文献   

Étude de la variation spatio-temporelle des paramètres physico-chimiques caractérisant la qualité des eaux d'une lagune côtière et ses zonations écologiques : cas de Moulay Bousselham,Maroc     

Hanane Labbardi  Omar Ettahiri  Said Lazar  Zakia Massik  Said El Antri 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(5):505-514

Our interest is related to the hydrological characteristics of the Moulay Bousselham lagoon. Water samples were taken monthly from July 2001 to June 2002 in 15 stations distributed along the lagoon. The various measured hydrological parameters (temperature, salinity, suspended matter, chlorophyll a) showed significant monthly variations ($p<0.001$), whereas spatially among all sampled stations, only the salinity showed significant variations. The variability analysis approached by the analysis of the normalized principal components combined with discriminate analysis showed very small inter-stations variability. Its percentage is 11% and 9% of the total variance during high and low tide, respectively. To cite this article: H. Labbardi et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献   

First evidence of altered vitellogenin-like protein levels in clam Tapes philippinarum and in cockle Cerastoderma glaucum from the Lagoon of Venice     

Valerio Matozzo  Maria Gabriella Marin   《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,55(10-12):494

Possible xenoestrogenic effects were investigated, for the first time, in two bivalve species from the Lagoon of Venice (Italy): the clam Tapes philippinarum and the cockle Cerastoderma glaucum. Bivalves were collected far from their reproductive phase at the very early stage of gametogenesis (January), and in the pre-spawning period (June) in six sites. Vitellogenin (Vg)-like proteins (a biomarker of exposure to estrogenic compounds) were measured by the alkali-labile phosphate method (ALP), in both haemolymph and digestive gland from males and females (when it was possible to distinguish sex by microscopic observation of gonadal tissue). Haemolymph calcium concentrations (a parameter considered closely related to the presence of Vg-like proteins) and the bivalve condition index (CI) were also measured. In both seasons, bivalves collected at Campalto (near a sewage treatment plant) and Marghera (a highly contaminated area) had higher Vg-like protein levels, particularly in haemolymph, than animals from the other sampling sites. Interestingly, CI had high values in these polluted sites. In June only, Vg-like proteins and Ca²⁺ levels in haemolymph exhibited similar trends in both bivalve species at most sampling sites. The responsiveness of bivalves to environmental xenoestrogens was higher in June, allowing better discrimination among sites. The present study demonstrates that animals from highly polluted areas have increased Vg-like protein levels. As endocrine disruption due to exposure to estrogenic compounds may cause fertility reduction, alterations in the sex ratio, and a decrease in reproductive rate, a condition of potential risk for bivalve populations in estuarine areas is highlighted.  相似文献   

Evaluating Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) data for seagrass mapping in Indian River Lagoon,FL     

Hyun Jung Cho  Igor Ogashawara  Deepak Mishra  Joseph White  Andrew Kamerosky  Lori Morris 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2014,51(2):120-138

Differentiation between benthic habitats, particularly seagrass and macroalgae, using satellite data is complicated because of water column effects plus the presence of chlorophyll-a in both seagrass and algae that result in similar spectral patterns. Hyperspectral imager for the coastal ocean data over the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA, was used to develop two benthic classification models, Slope_RED and Slope_NIR. Their performance was compared with iterative self-organizing data analysis technique and spectral angle mapping classification methods. The slope models provided greater overall accuracies (63–64%) and were able to distinguish between seagrass and macroalgae substrates more accurately compared to the results obtained using the other classifications methods.  相似文献   

自然和人类活动作用下月湖沉积物有机质来源及其演变   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵宁  杨旸  高建华  刘毅飞  蔡廷禄  贾建军 《地球化学》2014,(4):365-374

潟湖海湾可以保存环境演化和人类活动的良好记录,碳氮元素含量及同位素特征可用来有效地反演这些演化。对位于山东半岛的月湖柱状样和沿岸表层样总有机碳、总氮、稳定碳氮同位素的分析表明,陆源物质对月湖沉积物和有机质的贡献很小,其沉积物中有机质的主要来源是维管植物大叶藻和各种海洋藻类。在2002年前大约140 a的沉积历史中,大叶藻对沉积物有机质的贡献比例呈上升趋势,其中在约1930年和1980年有两次明显的上升,前者可能因为种群的快速繁育,后者则可能是1979年口门筑坝后由于湾内环境恶化,大叶藻开始大量死亡的表现。月湖海洋藻类的有机碳埋藏通量在沉积记录中保持相对稳定,而大叶藻则增加了一倍,但两者都有一定程度的波动。研究结果表明自然环境演变（如沙嘴生长、口门缩小）和人类活动（如筑坝、修筑虾池）对月湖生态环境及有机碳埋藏的影响在沉积物中有清晰的记录。  相似文献   

When plenty is not enough: an assessment of the white stumpnose (Rhabdosargus globiceps) fishery of Saldanha Bay,South Africa     

D Parker  SE Kerwath  TF Næsje  CJ Arendse  FJ Keulder-Stenevik  K Hutchings 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(2):153-166

White stumpnose Rhabdosargus globiceps is the main target of the linefishery in Saldanha Bay. Increased fishing pressure over the last three decades, particularly by the recreational sector, has led to concerns regarding sustainability of the local white stumpnose stock. The fishery was exceptionally productive between 2006 and 2008, with an estimated annual catch of 141.2 tonnes (t). Only 3% of boat outings surveyed were commercial boats targeting white stumpnose, yet this sector accounted for 39.3 t (31%) of the average annual catch. The recreational boat sector accounted for most of the catch (70.0 t), and the recreational shore sector the least (31.9 t). Commercial boat catch per unit effort (CPUE; 3.7 fish angler^–1 h^–1) was more than 10 times that of recreational boats (0.3 fish angler^–1 h^–1). White stumpnose catch length-frequency differed significantly (p < 0.01) between the fishing sectors, with the commercial sector retaining larger fish (34.7 cm [SD 5.9]) than the recreational boat (33.9 cm [SD 5.9]) and shore (30.4 cm [SD 5.8]) sectors. A decline in commercial CPUE (2000–2015) of approximately 40% and a concomitant severe decline (>95%) in survey data for juvenile white stumpnose CPUE (2007–2016) indicate that the current rate of exploitation is not sustainable. Recovery of the white stumpnose stock will require a decrease in fishing mortality. Possible management regulations include sector-specific effort limitations, extending the ‘no take’ marine protected area, reducing the recreational-sector bag limit to 5 fish person^–1 day^–1, implementing a commercial-sector bag limit, and increasing the minimum size limit to 30 cm TL.  相似文献   

Database of the Project “Sistema Lagunare Veneziano”     

Marani  A.  Benvenuto  F.  Cerasuolo  M. 《Natural Hazards》1999,20(2-3):311-321

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海南东部小海潟湖沉积物地球化学特征及对古台风活动的指示     

游爱华  薛积彬  谢露华  程嵘  魏志强  钟巍 《湖泊科学》2019,31(6):1758-1769

为探讨海南东部历史时期的气候环境变化,2015年于海南岛东海岸小海潟湖中采集了一根长73 cm的柱状样(XH15-02),在年代学(210Pb和AMS14C)测试的基础上,开展了多环境代用指标(总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、有机碳稳定同位素、干密度等)的测试和分析.结果表明,XH15-02柱状样TOC与TN含量有很好的相关性,C/N比值在10.41～23.33之间变化,有机碳稳定同位素(δ13Corg)值在-25.14‰～-23.29‰之间.通过对多气候环境代用指标的分析,以及与历史文献资料和其他自然代用指标的综合比对,认为XH15-02孔岩芯沉积记录了研究区过去1100多年来较为丰富的气候环境、台风活动以及人类活动影响等信息.近千年来,小海潟湖沉积有机物主要以陆源输入为主,据估算该岩芯有机碳陆生来源约占47.00%～73.43%,但在不同时期变化幅度较大,该陆源有机碳含量变化可能主要反映了历史时期海南东部地区的干湿变化历史;自1850年以来,XH15-02孔岩芯沉积通量的显著增加与当地人口的快速增长历史一致,反映了研究区近二百年来可能受到的人类对自然界的开发活动影响强烈;多个具有显著偏正δ13Corg记录的时期同史料记载以及周边区域地质记录中的"大风"、"海溢"、"风暴"等事件发生时间较为相近,可能揭示了历史时期的台风或高海平面事件,进而认为小海潟湖沉积在重建历史时期海南地区台风活动等方面具有很大潜力.  相似文献