全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3778篇 |
免费 | 380篇 |
国内免费 | 338篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 263篇 |
大气科学 | 405篇 |
地球物理 | 1298篇 |
地质学 | 752篇 |
海洋学 | 1050篇 |
天文学 | 108篇 |
综合类 | 76篇 |
自然地理 | 544篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 37篇 |
2021年 | 69篇 |
2020年 | 98篇 |
2019年 | 119篇 |
2018年 | 73篇 |
2017年 | 138篇 |
2016年 | 132篇 |
2015年 | 135篇 |
2014年 | 156篇 |
2013年 | 267篇 |
2012年 | 107篇 |
2011年 | 184篇 |
2010年 | 112篇 |
2009年 | 211篇 |
2008年 | 308篇 |
2007年 | 295篇 |
2006年 | 189篇 |
2005年 | 196篇 |
2004年 | 153篇 |
2003年 | 182篇 |
2002年 | 176篇 |
2001年 | 130篇 |
2000年 | 144篇 |
1999年 | 124篇 |
1998年 | 96篇 |
1997年 | 113篇 |
1996年 | 77篇 |
1995年 | 58篇 |
1994年 | 50篇 |
1993年 | 65篇 |
1992年 | 48篇 |
1991年 | 36篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 31篇 |
1988年 | 31篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4496条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
On the explicit determination of stability constants for linearized geodetic boundary value problems
The theory of GBVPs provide the basis to the approximate methods used to compute global gravity models. A standard approximation
procedure is least squares, which implicitly assumes that data, e.g. gravity disturbance and gravity anomaly, are given functions
in L
2(S). We know that solutions in these cases exist, but uniqueness (and coerciveness which implies stability of the numerical
solutions) is the real problem. Conditions of uniqueness for the linearized fixed boundary and Molodensky problems are studied
in detail. They depend on the geometry of the boundary; however, the case of linearized fixed boundary BVP puts practically
no constraint on the surface S, while the linearized Molodensky BVP requires the previous knowledge of very low harmonics,
for instance up to degree 25, if we want the telluroid to be free to have inclinations up to 60°. 相似文献
992.
993.
In a world facing rapid environmental changes, anticipating their impacts on biodiversity is of utmost relevance. Remotely-sensed Ecosystem Functional Attributes (EFAs) are promising predictors for Species Distribution Models (SDMs) by offering an early and integrative response of vegetation performance to environmental drivers. Species of high conservation concern would benefit the most from a better ability to anticipate changes in habitat suitability. Here we illustrate how yearly projections from SDMs based on EFAs could reveal short-term changes in potential habitat suitability, anticipating mid-term shifts predicted by climate-change-scenario models. We fitted two sets of SDMs for 41 plant species of conservation concern in the Iberian Peninsula: one calibrated with climate variables for baseline conditions and projected under two climate-change-scenarios (future conditions); and the other calibrated with EFAs for 2001 and projected annually from 2001 to 2013. Range shifts predicted by climate-based models for future conditions were compared to the 2001–2013 trends from EFAs-based models. Projections of EFAs-based models estimated changes (mostly contractions) in habitat suitability that anticipated, for the majority (up to 64%) of species, the mid-term shifts projected by traditional climate-change-scenario forecasting, and showed greater agreement with the business-as-usual scenario than with the sustainable-development one. This study shows how satellite-derived EFAs can be used as meaningful essential biodiversity variables in SDMs to provide early-warnings of range shifts and predictions of short-term fluctuations in suitable conditions for multiple species. 相似文献
994.
针对卫星导航用户观测数据模拟具有高精度、高采样率、强实时性的要求,该文在研究卫星导航定位系统工作原理的基础上,建立了卫星导航用户观测数据实时模拟系统。详细论述了卫星导航用户观测数据模拟的原理、流程及所用到的数学模型。考虑到观测数据模拟的时间约束特性,将模拟系统划分为非实时层、弱实时层和强实时层3层结构,并采用多线程的处理方法。模拟算例结果表明:该系统具有正确性和可靠性,满足强实时性要求,适用于卫星导航用户观测数据模拟。 相似文献
995.
Sean C. Ahearn Achara Simcharoen Glenn Xavier James L.D. Smith 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(5):867-883
Computational Movement Analysis focuses on the characterization of the trajectory of individuals across space and time. Various analytic techniques, including but not limited to random walks, Brownian motion models, and step selection functions have been used for modeling movement. These fall under the rubric of signal models which are divided into deterministic and stochastic models. The difficulty of applying these models to the movement of dynamic objects (e.g. animals, humans, vehicles) is that the spatiotemporal signal produced by their trajectories a complex composite that is influenced by the Geography through which they move (i.e. the network or the physiography of the terrain), their behavioral state (i.e. hungry, going to work, shopping, tourism, etc.), and their interactions with other individuals. This signal reflects multiple scales of behavior from the local choices to the global objectives that drive movement. In this research, we propose a stochastic simulation model that incorporates contextual factors (i.e. environmental conditions) that affect local choices along its movement trajectory. We show how actual global positioning systems observations can be used to parameterize movement and validate movement models and argue that incorporating context is essential in modeling movement. 相似文献
996.
适于窄线三维地震资料的面炮方法 总被引:4,自引:6,他引:4
用小孔径波动方程叠前深度偏移完成大面积数据的成像,不仅总的计算量较大,而且成像畸变较严重。为了进行大孔径波动方程叠前深度偏移,必须将实际的小孔径资料合成大孔径资料,并解决大孔径资料的成像方法。AMO等合成孔径方法,数据合成方式简单,但成像方法是近似的且较复杂。面炮方法从理论上讲数据合成方法较简单,成像方法是精确的且较简单,但其应用适用于远道振幅比近道弱很多的情况。在窄线三维地震资料情况,其联络测线方向不易满足面炮应用条件。针对这种情况,本文将最小二乘原理应用于波场成像,提出适用窄线三维地震资料的面炮方法。为了解三维波动方程叠前深度偏移的面炮方法解决复杂油气藏的可行性、所需计算资源和成像效果,我们利用大庆SW地区三维地震资料进行了实验研究。通过研究,我们获得了面炮方法的实际效果,获得了所需计算资源的测试数据。对实际效果的分析对比表明,面炮方法是一种三维波动方程叠前深度偏移的快速方法,有较好应用前景。 相似文献
997.
998.
G. G. Katul R. Leuning J. Kim O. T. Denmead A. Miyata Y. Harazono 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,98(1):103-125
Source/sink strengths and vertical fluxdistributions of carbon dioxide within and above arice canopy were modelled using measured meanconcentration profiles collected during aninternational rice experiment in Okayama, Japan (IREX96). The model utilizes an Eulerian higher-orderclosure approach that permits coupling of scalar andmomentum transport within vegetation to infer sourcesand sinks from mean scalar concentration profiles; theso-called `inverse problem'. To compute the requiredvelocity statistics, a Eulerian second-order closuremodel was considered. The model well reproducedmeasured first and second moment velocity statisticsinside the canopy. Using these modelled velocitystatistics, scalar fluxes within and above the canopywere computed and compared with CO2eddy-correlation measurements above the canopy. Goodagreement was obtained between model calculations offluxes at the top of the canopy and measurements. Close to the ground, the model predicted higherrespiratory fluxes when the paddy was drained comparedto when it was flooded. This is consistent with thefloodwater providing a barrier to diffusion ofCO2 from the soil to the atmosphere. TheEulerian sources and flux calculations were alsocompared to source and flux distributions estimatedindependently using a Lagrangian Localized Near Fieldtheory, the first study to make such a comparison.Some differences in source distributions werepredicted by these analyses. Despite this, thecalculated fluxes by the two approaches compared wellprovided a closure constant, accounting for theinfluence of `near-field' sources in the Eulerian fluxtransport term, was given a value of 1.5 instead ofthe value of 8 found in laboratory studies. 相似文献
999.
Aloys Borgers Frank Hofman Maarten Ponjé Harry Timmermans 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2001,3(4):347-367
None of the currently developed activity-based models of transport demand explicitly models task allocation among household
members. To fill this gap, the present paper suggests to complement activity-based models of activity scheduling with a context-dependent
model of task allocation. That is, it is assumed that the allocation of tasks within households is partly based on such contextual
variables as the amount of time a member has to spend on mandatory activities and car availability. In particular, the paper
advocates a conjoint-based approach, based on an assignment task as opposed to the traditional ranking, rating or choice response
formats. By definition, an assignment task involves a combinatorial explosion of choice alternatives, implying that additional
operational decisions to estimate the context-dependent model are required. This study presents the results of various numerical
experiments, conducted to better understand the impacts of those decisions on the degree of bias in the parameter estimates
of the choice model. The results of these simulations indicate that under particular assumptions, the development and estimation
of a conjoint-based, context-dependent model of task allocation within households is feasible.
Received: March 1999 / Accepted: June 2001 相似文献
1000.
绝对重力测量值的改正 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
从实用角度出发,研究了在中国重力基本网2000(CGBN2000)精度要求下,仪器误差、潮汐引力、气压、极移和地下水变化等影响因素的计算公式和存在的问题,给出了一组便于实际测量应用的计算公式;同时对潮汐因子的取值、海潮模型的选取、非构造因素中地下水活动等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献