新疆艾维尔沟煤变质作用研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张慧  李小彦  汪程生 《新疆地质》1993,(3)

新疆艾维尔沟矿区是侏罗纪天山褶皱带中的一个小型山间含煤盆地。多项煤变质指标的分析结果表明:该区煤级在横向上分带明显,垂向上煤级突变,煤岩组份中出现热变显微组份,煤晶核指标(La/Lc)大于1,矿区广泛发育热液石英脉和方解石脉,煤层围岩也具有中低温热液蚀变现象。所有这些特征都充分表明,艾维尔沟的煤变质属区域热变质类型。推测其附加热源位于该煤盆地西部,地下水热液的对流为主要热传导方式。矿区及其外围的构造、地层结构、地势、水文等条件均有利于地下水热液循环。  相似文献   

地下水浮力对建筑工程设计施工的影响     

朱宝宏 《云南地质》2006,25(1):76-79

地下水的浮力对结构设计和施工有不容忽视的影响。结构抗浮验算与地下水的性状、水压力和浮力、地下水位变化及意外补水有关。提出设计水位计算浮力的概念，以及抗浮设计的方案及措施。  相似文献   

民和盆地窑街煤田油页岩沉积环境分析及开发前景预测   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

宋玉勤  郭巍  刘招君  王清斌  王海燕 《世界地质》2006,25(1):43-48

通过岩芯钻井资料的综合分析,对民和盆地窑街煤田油页岩沉积特征、层序地层、古地理演化和成矿规律进行了研究。结果表明,油页岩段主要为水进体系域和高水位体系域发育时期,油页岩主要形成于沼泽和浅湖-半深湖相的沉积环境中。其中油四层油页岩品质较好,平均含油率>8%,属于湖泊沼泽相,具有良好的工业品位。研究区油页岩具有中含油率高灰分的特征,资源总储量为2.3×108t,具有良好的开发前景。  相似文献   

山西晋城矿区成庄井田3号煤储层的物性研究     

王占磊  曾勇  吴财芳 《江苏地质》2007,31(1):30-33

对研究区内3号煤储层的几何形态、割理和孔隙系统进行了研究,并引入了储层结构综合指数(SI)来评价研究区内煤层透气性特征和甲烷运移能力,并得出了如下结论:①全区煤层厚度稳定,是煤层甲烷的良好储集层;②根据全区割理发育程度推测出,构造主应力来自NE-SW方向;③通过孔隙系统研究,3号煤层基本上属于非渗透性储层;④成庄井田3号煤层结构综合指数(SI)等值线平面图,显示了煤层透气性由东北向西南呈逐渐变差的趋势。  相似文献   

Properties and depositional environment of the Neogene Elhovo Lignite, Bulgaria     

Alexander Zdravkov  Irena Kostova  Jordan Kortenski 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2007,71(4):488

Several Mio-Pliocene aged lignite seams occur as part of a non-marine transgressive sequence in the Elhovo graben in south-eastern Bulgaria. The present study is focused on 45 samples collected from three boreholes in the eastern part of the basin. Petrographic data along with ash and sulphur contents were used in order to determine the lateral and vertical variations of the coal facies and depositional environment of the Elhovo lignite.The lignite seams accumulated in a rheotrophic, low-lying mire with high pH value and are characterized by high ash yields and sulphur contents. Despite of the neutral to weakly alkaline environment the bacterial activity was limited and the tissue preservation and gelification were mainly controlled by the redox conditions.Vegetation rich in decay resistant conifers dominated in the Elhovo basin together with mesophytic angiosperm species. The absence of algal remains and sapropelic coal indicated that open water areas were not present during peat accumulation. The latter processed in an environment, characterized by low subsidence rate, in which prior to the burial the woods were subjected to severe mechanical destruction. According to our interpretation, the enhanced impregnation of the tissues bacteria and fungi played only a secondary role in the process of humification. The lignite from borehole 122 and partly from BH 145 deposited in an environment characterized by relatively low (ground)water table, whereas to the south an area dominated by a flooded forest swamp (BH 104) formed. This is suggested by the better tissue preservation and gelification of the organic matter in BH 104. The vertical variation of the maceral composition in the studied lignite is interpreted as a consequence of vegetational changes, rather than to changes in the depositional environment. The low contents of inertinite macerals indicate that despite of the low water level the environment was relatively wet and the thermal and oxidative destruction of the tissues was limited.Peat accumulation was terminated by a major flooding event and a short term establishment of a lake. In contrast to the West Maritsa basin, no seam formed in the Elhovo basin during the filling stage of the lake.  相似文献   

Trace elements in the Goze Delchev coal deposit, Bulgaria     

G.M. Eskenazy  Y.S. Stefanova 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2007,72(3-4):257-267

The geochemistry of trace elements in the underground and open-pit mine of the Goze Delchev subbituminous coal deposit have been studied. The coals in both mines are highly enriched in W, Ge and Be, and at less extent in As, Mn and Y as compared with the world-wide Clarkes for subbituminous coals. Ni and Ti are also enhanced in the underground coals, and Zr, Cr and Mo in the open-pit mine coals.Characteristic for the trace element contents in the deposit is a regular variation with depth. The following patterns were distinguished for profile I: a — the element content decreases from the bottom to the top of the bed paralleling ash distribution (Fe, Co, As, Sb, V, Y, Mo, Cs, REE, Hf, Ta, Th, P and Au); b — Ge and W are enriched in the near-bottom and near-top coals; c — in the middle part of the bed the content of K and Rb is maximal, while that of U is slightly enriched; d — Ba content decreases from the top to the bottom of the bed. In profile II, W and Be contents decrease from the bottom to the top. The near-bottom, and especially the near-roof samples of profile IV are highly enriched in Ge, while for W the highest is the content of the near-bottom sample.Ge, Be, As, Mn, Cl and Br are mainly organically associated. The organic affiliation is still strong for Co, B, Sr, Ba, Sb, U, Th, Mo, La, Ce, Sm, Tb and Yb in the underground coals, and Fe, Co, Na, W, Sr, Y and Ag in the coals from the open-pit mine. K, Rb, Ti, Zr, Hf and Ta are of dominant inorganic affinity. The chalcophile and siderophile elements correlate positively with Fe and each other and may be bound partly with pyrite or other sulphides and iron containing minerals.Compared statistically by the t-criteria, the elements Na, Li, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Mo, Fe and Be are of higher content in the open-pit mine. Tungsten is the only element of higher concentration in the underground mine. The contents of Ge, As, Sr, V, Mn, Y, Zr and P are not statistically different in both mines.It was supposed that there were multiple sources of the trace elements in the deposit. The source of the highly enriched elements (W, Ge, Be, and As) most probably were the thermal waters in the source area. The contemporary mineral springs are of high content of these elements. Another source were the hosting Mesta volcanic rocks, which are enriched in Sb, Mo, Hf, U, Th, As, Li and Rb. Some of the volcanics were hydrothermally altered and enriched or depleted of many elements. Thus, the hydrothermal solutions were also suppliers of elements for the coals. It is obvious that the contents, distribution and paragenesis, of the trace elements in both Goze Delchev coals reflect the geochemical specialization of the source area, including rocks, paleo- and contemporary thermal waters.  相似文献   

Control and prevention of gas outbursts in coal mines, Riosa–Olloniego coalfield, Spain     

María B. Díaz Aguado  C. Gonzlez Nicieza 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2007,69(4):253-266

Underground coal mines have always had to control the presence of different gases in the mining environment. Among these gases, methane is the most important one, since it is inherent to coal. Despite of the technical developments in recent decades, methane hazards have not yet been fully avoided. This is partly due to the increasing depths of modern mines, where methane emissions are higher, and also to other mining-related circumstances, such as the increase in production rates and its consequences: difficulties in controlling the increasing methane levels, increasing mechanization, the use of explosives and not paying close attention to methane control systems.The main purposes of this paper are to establish site measurements using some critical parameters that are not part of the standard mining-control methods for risk assessment and to analyze the gas behavior of subvertical coal seams in deep mines in order to prevent gas incidents from occurring. The ultimate goal is the improvement in mining conditions and therefore in safety conditions.For this purpose, two different mines were instrumented for mine control and monitoring. Both mines belong to the Riosa–Olloniego coalfield, in the Asturias Central Basin, Spain and the areas instrumented are mined via subhorizontal sublevels at an actual depth of around 1000 m under the overburden of Mount Lusorio.During this research, a property favoring gas outbursts was site measured for the first time in an outburst-prone coal (8th Coalbed), gas pressure and its variations, which contributed to complete the data available from previous characterizations and to set some guidelines for assessing the potential outburst-prone areas. A gas-measurement-tube set has been designed for measuring gas pressure as well as its variation over time as a result of nearby workings and to calculate permeability.The paper establishes the effect of overlapping of works, but it also shows the efficacy of two preventive measures to be applied: high pressure water infusion and the exploitation of a protective coal seam (7th Coalbed), that must be mined preferably two complete sublevels before commencing the advance in the outburst-prone coalbed. Both measures constitute an improvement in the mining sequence and therefore in safety, and should be completed with a systematic measurement to control the risk: gas pressure in the 8th Coalbed in the area of influence of other workings, to establish the most suitable moment to renew the advance. Further researches could focus on ascertaining the permeability, not only in mined areas but also in areas of the mine that are still not affected by mining work and on tuning more finely the ranges of influence of overstress time and overlap distance of the workings of the 7th Coalbed in the 8th Coalbed.  相似文献   

应用遥感图像提取煤层自燃信息时必须考虑的几个影响因素     

万余庆  吴军虎  雷学武 《国土资源遥感》1998,9(1):33-39

煤层自燃是中国北方煤田中普遍存在的灾害现象,它不但烧掉了大量的煤炭资源,而且还污染了环境。实践证明,利用遥感影像判别火区位置、圈定火区范围和对火区进行动态监测,及时为灭火工程提供信息,是一项经济和社会意义很大的工作。由于受多种因素的制约,不同地区、不同波段、不同时相、不同空间分辨率的遥感图像,其影像特征（含与煤层自燃有关的热异常影像特征）都有较大的差异,因而从图像上分析和提取地物的热红外辐射特征时,需要考虑遥感图像类型、成像时间、地形条件、气象条件和岩性特征等因素的影响。本文着重讨论了地表辐射温度与上述各项因素之间的关系。  相似文献   

非线性参数平差的一个新途径   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

刘国林  郭金运 《测绘工程》1998,7(2):28-34

在分析顾及一阶偏导致的非线性参数平差的近似直接解法与迭代解法基础上,提出顾及到二阶偏导数的非线性参数平差的一种新的计算公式。由于非线性度量曲率立体阵的引入,使得平差计算公式表达简洁,而且便于非线性平差本质的分析。最终算例分析说明该方法的有效性及实用性。  相似文献   

贵州六盘水地区水城矿区晚二叠世煤的煤质特征及其控制因素   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

曾荣树  庄新国 《岩石学报》1998,14(4):549-558

本文中研究概括了六盘水地区水城矿区晚二叠世煤的煤岩学、煤化学和煤地球化学的研究结果,探讨了煤质的控制因素。研究结果表明水城矿区煤具有适合于炼焦用煤的煤岩煤质特征（中挥发分烟煤和高挥发分烟煤Ａ,适中的显微组分比例,４９．９％～８１．８％镜质组,１１．９％～３１．９％惰性组,０．４％～１６．９％壳质组,中－低的硫含量,０．３４％～１．５％）。水城煤的煤级主要受深成变质作用的影响。水城煤的岩石学特征主要受晚二叠世水城三角洲的控制。将水城矿区煤的微量元素含量与世界平均的微量元素进行比较,水城煤具有Ｓｅ、Ｚｒ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｕ和Ｔｈ稍高富集,Ｃｓ、Ａｓ和Ｂａ低富集的特点。煤中Ｂｒ和Ｃｌ具有亲有机性  相似文献