移动地图理论基础研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨艳梅  王泽根 《四川测绘》2007,30(4):159-163

移动地图主要指可以随用户移动的电子地图。本文首先从广义和狭义两方面介绍了移动地图的定义,认为移动地图具有易读、实时和交互性等特点。移动环境下,地图信息在制图者与用图者之间的传输是双向且不断循环的,体现了空间信息加工者和使用者之间的交互,这种交互有利于空间信息加工者和使用者对空间信息的认知达成一致,提高地图信息传输的效率,同时也反映了空间信息由静态的地图表现,发展到动态信息服务的演化过程。在空间信息传输过程中,用户一方面接收信息加工者发送的空间信息,另一方面接收客观环境刺激、并对获得的信息进行选择、分类等加工方式获得客观环境的空间信息,并综合分析和比较这两种空间信息,获得对客观世界的认识。在此过程中,需要在大脑中对地理信息空间进行旋转,该旋转时间的长短与现实生活中实际旋转一个物体所费时间的长短相应,旋转角度越大,则历时越长。人们的习惯用语中的空间术语不仅影响人们对空间关系的知觉和记忆,还会影响人们对空间关系的推理,因为不同的空间参考框架有不同的逻辑特征。最后总结了开展移动地图理论基础研究的重要意义。  相似文献   

界面起伏条件下反射／透射算子+单程波方程的地震波模拟方法   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

谢桂生  刘洪  李幼铭  胡润苗 《地球物理学报》2005,48(5):1172-1178

本文导出了一种由单程波方程利用反射／透射算子的可分表示方法模拟复杂介质中一次反射地震波的数值算法. 文中利用算子可分表示理论将反射／透射算子分解成适合于双域（空间域和波数域）运算的表达形式，使得本文得到的地震波数值模拟算法可适应于一定程度横向非均匀介质和界面起伏情况，在入射角小于45°时能够准确模拟振幅随入射角(AVA)的关系. 就模拟一次反射地震波而言，与前人研究的双程波动方程伪谱法地震波模拟相比，本文算法具有足够高的模拟精度，且计算效率成倍地提高.  相似文献   

A highly wave dissipation offshore breakwater     

Sheng-Wen Twu  Cheng-Chung Chieu 《Ocean Engineering》2000,27(3):352

The aim of this paper is to develop an offshore breakwater, for which coefficients of both the wave reflection and transmission have low values. The breakwater is suggested to compose of n layers of porous materials with different porosities. A complex eigen function method is used in the theoretical analysis. Continuities of both mass flux and fluid pressure are assumed at interfaces between every two adjoining porous materials and at the interface between end materials and water region. Following a series of mathematical processes, the coefficients of the wave transmission and reflection along with the wave energy loss are calculated. The porosity of materials is varied in computations; and results are compared among structures composing of different layers of porous materials. A single layer offshore breakwater is shown to reduce simultaneously the coefficients of transmission and reflection only when the structure is very wide in the direction of wave propagation, and the structure material has a high porosity. A multilayer breakwater, however, can function well in reducing both coefficients at a much narrower width; structure having more layers can be more effective at narrower width. Finally, several experiments are conducted; theoretical computations and experimental results agree well.  相似文献   

BPL脉位调制方案及数据传送     

吴海涛  边玉敬 《时间频率学报》2000,23(2):102-109

实现BPL长波信道能力扩展的一个重要技术环节是对组重复间隔（GRI）脉冲的脉位调制,在将信源消息变成脉位调制电平的数据传输过程中,还有一系列的信号格式转换,提出了实现脉位调制的若干方法,探讨了数据流的详细传送过程并给出了相应的软件。  相似文献   

2013年1月京津唐地区霾事件气溶胶单颗粒形貌及硫酸盐化特征     

王文华  邵龙义  李泽熙  郭茜  侯聪  幸娇萍  赵承美 《岩石矿物学杂志》2015,34(6):914-924

2013年1月华北地区经历了重霾过程,为研究其污染特征,使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)及能谱(EDX)对北京、唐山和天津晴天和霾天气下气溶胶单颗粒基本形貌和硫酸盐化特征进行了分析。结果表明,华北地区气溶胶单颗粒包括矿物颗粒、硫酸盐颗粒、金属氧化物、烟尘集合体、有机颗粒和飞灰,仅在天津市样品中发现少量的Na Cl颗粒。对单颗粒的元素组成进行统计表明,华北地区晴天以富Si颗粒为主(31.0%),其次为富Ca颗粒(18.3%)、富Fe颗粒(14.1%)、富Cl颗粒(12.2%)等,霾天以富S颗粒为主(47.4%),其次为富Si颗粒(21.1%)和富Fe颗粒(13.4%)等。霾天气富Ca颗粒明显减少,同时在含S较高的颗粒中也含有Ca、K等元素,说明大气中含Ca、K等碱性矿物对雾水酸性有一定的缓冲作用。不同天气含S颗粒差异较大,霾天气明显高于晴天,S/Ca平均值在霾天明显较高,且大于0.8,说明在一定的SO2浓度下,大气湿度越大,硫酸盐化现象越明显,生成大量的硫酸铵盐。  相似文献   

基于工业无线网络WIA技术的储油罐监测系统     

刘扬  曾鹏  尚志军  张华良  陈云  龙霄 《南京气象学院学报》2011,(5):444-447

在分析现有的储油罐区监测技术的基础上,提出了一个基于工业无线网络WIA技术的储油罐监测系统方案,详细介绍了该方案的系统运行原理、系统结构及系统功能.  相似文献   

An analytical solution for wave-induced seabed response in a multi-layered poro-elastic seabed     

Xiang-Lian Zhou  Bin Xu  Yao-Liang Li 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(1):119-129

In this study, a new analytical solution for the wave-induced seabed response in a multi-layered poro-elastic seabed is developed. The seabed is treated as a multi-layered porous medium and characterized by Biot’s theory. The displacements of the solid skeleton and the pore pressure are expressed in terms of two scalar potentials and one vector. Then, the Biot’s dynamic equation can be solved using Fourier transformation and reducing to Helmholtz equations. To obtain the general solutions for the multi-layered poro-elastic seabed in the frequency-wave-number domain, the transmission and reflection matrices (TRM) method is used to form the equivalent stiffness. Using the boundary conditions and continuous conditions, the frequency-wave-number domain solutions are obtained. Finally, the time-space domain solutions for the multi-layered poro-elastic seabed are obtained by means of the inverse Fourier transformation with respect to the horizontal coordinate. Based on the new solution, a parametric study is carried out to examine the effects of soil characteristics (number of layers, permeability and shear modulus) and wave characteristics (water depth and wave steepness) on seabed responses. The results indicate that the seabed response is affected significantly by permeability, shear modulus and relative water depth.  相似文献   

Spectroscopy of Yamato 984028     

M.D. Dyar  T.D. Glotch  M.D. Lane  B. Wopenka  J.M. Tucker  S.J. Seaman  G.J. Marchand  R. Klima  T. Hiroi  J.L. Bishop  C. Pieters  J. Sunshine 《Polar Science》2011,4(4):530-549

Comprehensive spectroscopic characterization of interior and exterior chips of the lherzolitic shergottite Y-984028 has been performed using results from six techniques. Data from UV–visible–near-IR reflectance spectra, thermal (mid-IR) emission spectra, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectra, transmission FTIR spectra, Raman microprobe spectra, and Mössbauer spectra of whole rock and mineral separates from this meteorite are integrated and compared. Five of these analytical techniques accurately determined the ～Fo₆₅ composition of the olivine within ±10 mol%. Both transmission FTIR and ATR spectra show broad features near 3500 cm^?1 indicating the presence of OH/H₂O that does not arise from surface water adsorption. The brown color of the Y-984028 olivine is likely due to the presence of nanophase metallic iron particles (npFe⁰) dispersed throughout the olivine during a major shock event on Mars. Y-984028 olivine also contains a significant amount of Fe³⁺, but this cannot be distinguished from Fe³⁺ that is present in pyroxene and possibly clay minerals. This meteorite and the nakhlite MIL03346 are the two most oxidized of the SNC meteorites studied to date, with Fe³⁺ contents consistent with high-temperature equilibration near the QFM oxygen buffer.  相似文献   

日像仪的电磁干扰分析     

王威  陈志军  刘玉英  颜毅华  姬国枢 《天文研究与技术》2006,3(2):176-182

讨论了日像仪的干扰容限，列出了干扰源分布，估算出干扰测试仪灵敏度。计算了同步卫星干扰及干扰时间预测，也分析了中低轨道卫星干扰问题。对移动通信基站产生的干扰作了传播分析、计算，对脉冲雷达干扰作了谱分析及保守计算。  相似文献   

胁迫时间和胁迫浓度对超积累植物印度芥菜细胞中镉分布的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨红霞  张惠娟  高津旭  刘崴  李冰 《岩矿测试》2014,33(5):723-729

超积累植物对重金属的区隔化作用能有效降低细胞质内金属离子的浓度,是对重金属重要的解毒机制之一,而细胞内各组织的区隔化作用大小并未取得一致性结论。本文研究了胁迫浓度和胁迫时间对超积累植物印度芥菜(Brassica juncea)细胞及亚细胞中镉分布的影响。印度芥菜幼苗分别用0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0mg/L镉胁迫1、5、7、10、14天后收获,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定印度芥菜根系和叶片亚细胞中镉的含量。结果表明:镉在细胞壁中的比例占50%~64%,细胞液占22%~38%,细胞器占7%~17%,镉在细胞壁中所占比例显著高于细胞液和细胞器,证明细胞壁区隔化在镉的解毒机制中具有重要的作用。随着胁迫时间和胁迫浓度的增加,根系和叶片中亚细胞各组织中镉含量持续增加,超过7天,镉含量显著升高,说明镉对植物的危害是一个缓慢过程。印度芥菜对镉胁迫浓度的最大耐受量为1.0 mg/L,超过此浓度,植物细胞的破坏症状加重;细胞超微结构研究也表明,镉胁迫浓度超过1.0 mg/L后,细胞结构发生了不同程度的损坏,出现质壁分离、液泡增大甚至空泡化、质膜粗糙等现象,继而影响到细胞的正常功能。因此,在考察重金属对植物的危害时,要充分考虑时间和浓度梯度两个参数的协同作用。  相似文献