气候变化和人类活动在榆林市荒漠化过程中的相对作用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

孙建国  王涛  颜长珍 《中国沙漠》2012,32(3):625-630

针对已有研究的不足,提出一个集成时序和空间两方面特征的植被-气候时空关系统计模型,并用来在栅格尺度上定量区分陕西省榆林市荒漠化动态中气候变化和人类活动的相对作用。结果显示,1986-2000年,榆林市荒漠化发展主要发生在南部丘陵沟壑区,逆转主要发生在北部风沙草滩区,这一空间格局特别明显且在研究期内没有发生根本改变。从第1时段(1986-1990年)至第2时段(1991-1995年),荒漠化整体上处于发展状态,且无论是荒漠化发展区还是逆转区,人类活动的作用均占据绝对主导地位,分别为98.7%和101.4%,气候变化的作用甚微;从第2时段(1991-1995年)至第3时段(1996-2000年),荒漠化过程整体上达到稳定态势,在荒漠化发展区,气候变化和人类活动的作用基本相当,分别为46.2%和53.8%,而在荒漠化逆转区,人类活动的作用达到了119.0%,气候变化的作用则为-19.0%。另外,气候变化和人类活动的相对作用有很大的空间异质性。  相似文献   

基于RS和GIS长城沿线沙漠化动态研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王晓峰  任志远  马智民 《中国沙漠》2009,29(4):623-627

基于遥感影像,以长城沿线榆林地区为研究对象,在野外实地观测和验证的基础上利用RS和GIS平台对该地区沙漠化进行动态变化研究。结果表明:在1988—2002年沙漠化面积在逐步减少;按照沙漠化的类型分析,在1999年之前,逆转区的面积为1 221 682.0 hm2,发展区的面积为1 285 603.0 hm2,发展区的面积大于逆转区的面积;1999年之后,发展区的面积为680 374.6 hm2,逆转区的面积为1 488 989.0 hm2,逆转区的面积远大于发展区的面积;从沙漠化程度分析,轻度和潜在沙漠化的面积在大幅度地降低,但中度以上的沙漠化面积仍然在蠕动扩展,这一数据表明榆林地区沙漠化的形势仍然不容乐观,要居安思危。  相似文献   

基于能值分析的榆林市循环经济发展研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

师谦友  王伟平 《地域研究与开发》2010,29(2)

依据循环经济理论,运用能值分析方法,构建了榆林市能值分析指标体系,从能值来源、社会、经济、环境和可持续发展指数5个方面具体分析评判了2000—2005年该市经济发展状况。结果表明:该市当前经济增长主要是依赖对市域不可更新资源的开发利用,能值自给率达99%以上,人口数量已经超出环境承载量,环境污染有愈益加重的趋势,较高的可持续发展指数反映出该市仍属于不发达地区。进而根据循环经济发展的要求,提出了当前的首要任务是健全法律法规,调整与优化产业结构,转变经济增长方式,实施资源科学有序地综合开发利用模式,减少与防治污染,同时控制人口规模,以实现社会、经济、环境的协调发展。  相似文献   

近10年来沙漠-黄土边界带荒漠化土地动态分析--以陕北榆林地区为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

聂浩刚  王岷  孙虎  岳乐平  李智佩  张维吉  王飞跃  卢峰 《西北地质》2005,38(2):86-93

沙漠-黄土边界带生态环境脆弱,对气候变化和人类活动反应敏感。近10年来,榆林地区由于重视沙漠化的防治工作,沙漠化出现逆转态势,但是其潜在威胁不容忽视。水蚀荒漠化状况依然比较严重。应当进行积极有效的防治。荒漠化是一个自然过程。荒漠化加速发展是在脆弱的生态环境基础上,由于人类不合理的土地和水资源利用方式而诱发的。应当处理好人口、资源和环境三者之间的关系,走社会经济可持续发展之路。  相似文献   

Seasonal fluctuations and compositions of two populations of small demersal fishes on the west coast of Scotland     

R.D.M. Nash  R.N. Gibson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,15(5):485-495

The soft sediment fish communities below 20 m depth were studied at two sites on the west coast of Scotland (Irvine Bay, Firth of Clyde and the Lynn of Lorne) using small meshed beam trawls. In both cases the emphasis was on the small demersal fish (<15 cm) within these communities. The Irvine Bay community was studied between May 1978 and December 1979 and the Lynn of Lorne community between February 1975 and October 1976.Twenty-seven fish species were recorded in Irvine Bay and 32 in the Lynn of Lorne. In both communities four species constituted more than 78% of the total annual abundance, two gobies (Lesueurigobius friesii and Pomatoschistus norvegicus) were high in the dominance ranking for both sites. The species abundance lists were similar for both sites (0·62 level of similarity) but the species lists for each site were different (0·36 level of similarity). The overall mean density of small demersal fish was similar for both sites (Irvine Bay = 0·045 individuals m^?2 and the Lynn of Lorne = 0·047 individuals m^?2). There were two periods of high abundance for both communities (late autumn to winter and late spring). There was, however, a low repeatability between successive years. The species richness (D) was relatively high (Irvine Bay = 1·5-3·08, Lynn of Lorne = 1·4-3·34) as was the species diversity (H′) (Irvine Bay = 1·17-1·97, Lynn of Lorne = 1·23-1·95). The proportional representation ($\text{J′}$) of each species within the community was greater in Irvine Bay ($\text{J′}$ = 0·57-0·77) than in the Lynn of Lorne ($\text{J′}$ = 0·50-0·72). Therefore these two communities of small demersal fish appeared to be similar at the community level but the way in which this was achieved was different.  相似文献   

The causes of land landscape changes in semi-arid area of Northwest China: a case study of Yulin city     

GUO Liying  REN Zhiyuan  LIU Yansui 《地理学报》2006,16(2):192-198

Rapid land landscape change has taken place in many arid and semi-arid regions such as the vulnerable ecological area over the last decade. In this paper, we quantified land landscape change of Yulin in this area between 1985 and 2000 using remote sensing and GIS. It was found that fallow landscape decreased by 125,148 hm2 while grassland and woodland increased by 107,975 hm2 and 17,157 hm2, respectively. The major factors responsible for these changes are identified as the change in the government policy on preserving the environment, continued growth in mining, and urbanization. The efforts in restoring the deteriorated ecosystem have reaped certain benefits in reducing the spatial extent of sandy land through replacement by non-irrigated farmland, woodland and grassland. On the other hand, continued expansion of mining industry and urbanization has exerted adverse impacts on the land landscape. At present regional economic development conflicts directly with the protection of the natural environment. Such a conflict has caused the destruction to the land resources and fragmentation of the landscape accompanied by land desertification, the case is even serious in some localities.  相似文献   

Benthic oxygen fluxes and sediment properties on the northeastern New Zealand continental shelf     

H. Giles  C.A. Pilditch  S.D. Nodder  J.R. Zeldis  K. Currie 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

We examined spatial variations in benthic remineralisation (measured as sediment oxygen consumption (SOC)) and sediment properties on the northeastern New Zealand continental shelf and slope to assess the importance of benthic mineralisation in this ecosystem and to provide data for more complete global carbon budgets. SOC measured in dark incubations conducted in early summer ranged from 128 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹ at the deepest (360 m) to 1222 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹ at the shallowest (4.2 m) site and decreased significantly with water depth (p<0.001, r²=0.78, SOC=1222.8−456.3×log₁₀[water depth], n=14 sites). These rates were in the range found on continental shelves elsewhere (64–1750 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹, n=30 studies) and had a very similar distribution with water depth. SOC was also measured in light incubations at seven sites (4.2–35 m water depth) to examine the effects of microphytobenthos and accounted for 42–106% of rates measured in the dark. Measurements of near-bed light intensities suggested that microphytobenthos production was not solely regulated by light intensity but evidently influenced by other factors. A two-dimensional PCA ordination of surface sediment properties accounted for 83.3% of the total variance in the data and divided the study area into three clusters that corresponded well to its spatial division into the shallow (<30 m) Firth of Thames, the Hauraki Gulf (30–50 m) and the northern shelf-slope region. In the Firth of Thames sediments were very fine-grained with low CaCO₃ and high total organic matter and pigment content, and low C:N ratios. The northern shelf-slope sediments showed the opposite trends to the Firth of Thames and those in the Hauraki Gulf had mostly intermediate values. Dark SOC was significantly correlated with sediment organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, pigments and silt/clay content (p<0.05, r=0.55–0.85) but a multiple linear regression revealed that water depth was the only significant predictor. Calculations suggest that approximately 13%, 10% and 34% of primary production is remineralised in the sediments of the northern shelf-slope region, Hauraki Gulf and Firth of Thames, respectively, indicating a strong benthic–pelagic coupling on the northeastern New Zealand continental shelf that was particularly pronounced in the Firth of Thames due to its shallow depth and significant terrestrial and riverine inputs.  相似文献   

成长型资源城市产业转型能力评价与优化路径——以榆林市为例     

文琦  侯凯元  郑殿元  杨瑞兰 《地理科学》2022,42(4):682-691

成长型资源城市产业转型事关国家能源安全保障、国计民生和区域绿色发展,尤其在“双碳”目标下,亟需统筹推进产业转型升级、能源结构优化和接续产业发展。采用产业经济学和地理学相关方法,以陕西省榆林市县域为例,分析了其转型能力时空演变特征,确定了榆林市产业转型方向和具体优化路径。研究结果表明：① 2008—2018年榆林市县域产业转型能力呈北高南低的空间特征,要素投入的使用效率和技术利用程度是产业转型能力提升的关键。② 县域产业转型方向应依据产业转型能力和地域资源优势,合理选择主导产业,如北六县（市、区）为能源化工产业、装备制造业、新兴产业、物流业,南六县为特色农业及农副产品加工业、旅游业、盐化工产业。③ 资源型城市产业转型更适宜以绿色发展理念为指导,多种产业协调发展的复合路径。  相似文献   

陕西榆林风沙滩区全新世气候和环境变迁     

陈淑娥  樊双虎  刘秀花  董汉文  陆璐  王莉丽 《西安地质学院学报》2010,(1):81-88

榆林长城沿线处于环境变化敏感带,其风沙滩区沉积剖面的磁化率和粒度分析结果显示,该区全新世早期11500～10000aBP随着全球气候的逐渐转暖,磁化率、黏粒和粉沙含量逐渐增高;全新世中期的10000～45003BP气候相对比较湿润,植被覆盖度增大,风沙活动减弱,地表沉积物当-中粉沙和黏土成分含量显著增大,风化成壤作用增强,地表发育沙质弱古土壤;全新世中期后段的4500～3000aBP期间,气候以比较温和湿润为主,但在4200～4000aBP出现一个气候干旱事件,风沙活动强烈;近3000a以来,气候显著干旱化,波动频繁,地表风沙沉积物显著变粗,表现出有5次沙漠扩张。该区生态环境演化、人文历史变迁基本上是自然因素与人为活动综合作用的结果,以自然演化为主,近代人为因素对环境变化起着加强和放大作用。  相似文献   

黑龙江省东部小兴安岭地区育林岩体形成时代及构造环境探讨     

王建民  曲晖  颜秉超 《吉林地质》2020,39(1):28-31

东北地区晚三叠世地壳形成与演化是国内外地质学家研究的热点之一,笔者对黑龙江省东部小兴安岭地区育林岩体采用LA-ICP-MS U-Pb技术进行了锆石测年。结果显示:正长花岗岩锆石206 Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为(206.8±1.1)Ma,岩体的形成时代应为晚三叠世。正长花岗岩富铝、富钾,具S型花岗岩特征,形成于碰撞造山的构造环境,与古亚洲洋构造体系演化有关。  相似文献