Basic properties of saline soil in Da'an, western Jilin, China     

Xin Zhou  Qing Wang  XueFei Zhang  TianWen Yu  XuDong Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(5):568-572

This paper studied the basic properties of saline soil at different depths of a sampling site in Da'an, China, through field reconnaissance and laboratory analysis. A series of experiments which comprised the analyses of grain size distribution, mineral composition, soil physical properties, soluble salt concent, pH, organic content and cation exchange capacity were conducted. Through these experiments, the distribution rule of each property and their causes are discussed. These results could provide a fundamental base for the study of moisture migration.  相似文献   

Chondrule size and related physical properties: A compilation and evaluation of current data across all meteorite groups     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2015,75(4):419-443

The examination of the physical properties of chondrules has generally received less emphasis than other properties of meteorites such as their mineralogy, petrology, and chemical and isotopic compositions. Among the various physical properties of chondrules, chondrule size is especially important for the classification of chondrites into chemical groups, since each chemical group possesses a distinct size-frequency distribution of chondrules. Knowledge of the physical properties of chondrules is also vital for the development of astrophysical models for chondrule formation, and for understanding how to utilize asteroidal resources in space exploration. To examine our current knowledge of chondrule sizes, we have compiled and provide commentary on available chondrule dimension literature data. We include all chondrite chemical groups as well as the acapulcoite primitive achondrites, some of which contain relict chondrules. We also compile and review current literature data for other astrophysically-relevant physical properties (chondrule mass and density). Finally, we briefly examine some additional physical aspects of chondrules such as the frequencies of compound and “cratered” chondrules. A purpose of this compilation is to provide a useful resource for meteoriticists and astrophysicists alike.  相似文献   

Exploring the relative contribution of mineralogy and CPO to the seismic velocity anisotropy of evaporites     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

We present the influence of mineralogy and microstructure on the seismic velocity anisotropy of evaporites. Bulk elastic properties and seismic velocities are calculated for a suite of 20 natural evaporite samples, which consist mainly of halite, anhydrite, and gypsum. They exhibit strong fabrics as a result of tectonic and diagenetic processes. Sample mineralogy and crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) were obtained with the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique and the data used for seismic velocity calculations. Bulk seismic properties for polymineralic evaporites were evaluated with a rock recipe approach. Ultrasonic velocity measurements were also taken on cube shaped samples to assess the contribution of grain-scale shape preferred orientation (SPO) to the total seismic anisotropy. The sample results suggest that CPO is responsible for a significant fraction of the bulk seismic properties, in agreement with observations from previous studies. Results from the rock recipe indicate that increasing modal proportion of anhydrite grains can lead to a greater seismic anisotropy of a halite-dominated rock. Conversely, it can lead to a smaller seismic anisotropy degree of a gypsum-dominated rock until an estimated threshold proportion after which anisotropy increases again. The difference between the predicted anisotropy due to CPO and the anisotropy measured with ultrasonic velocities is attributed to the SPO and grain boundary effects in these evaporites.  相似文献   

The influence of fault geometry on small strike-slip fault mechanics     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

Meter-scale subvertical strike-slip fault traces in the central Californian Sierra Nevada exhibit geometric complexities that significantly contribute to their mechanical behavior. Sections of faults that opened at depth channelized fluid flow, as evidenced by hydrothermal mineral infillings and alteration haloes. Thin sections show a variation in the style of ductile deformation of infill along the fault, with greater intensities of deformation along restraining bends. Orthorectified photomosaics of outcrops provide model geometries and parameter constraints used in a two-dimensional displacement discontinuity model incorporating a complementarity algorithm. Model results show that fault shape influences the distribution of opening, and consequently the spatial distribution of fluid conduits. Geometric irregularities are present at many scales, and sections of opening occur along both releasing and restraining bends. Model sensitivity tests focus on boundary conditions along the fault: frictional properties on closed sections and fluid pressure within sections of opening. The influence of the remote stress state varies along a non-planar fault, complicating the relationships between remote stresses, frictional properties, slip, and opening. Discontinuous sections of opening along model faults are similar in spatial distribution and aperture to the epidote infill assemblages observed in the field.  相似文献   

西安地区软黄土工程地质特征和分布规律雏议     

段真富  徐洪安  张玲 《地球科学与环境学报》1992,(1)

本文介绍了西安地区软黄土的物理力学性质,指出了以软黄土作地基土时所需要注意的主要工程地质问题,还介绍了如何识别软黄土的方法及软黄土在西安地区的分布规律。这对西安地区的工程地质勘察和对软黄土的研究具有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

Velocity Mapping Toolbox (VMT): a processing and visualization suite for moving‐vessel ADCP measurements     

D. R. Parsons  P. R. Jackson  J. A. Czuba  F. L. Engel  B. L. Rhoads  K. A. Oberg  J. L. Best  D. S. Mueller  K. K. Johnson  J. D. Riley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(11):1244-1260

The use of acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) for discharge measurements and three‐dimensional flow mapping has increased rapidly in recent years and has been primarily driven by advances in acoustic technology and signal processing. Recent research has developed a variety of methods for processing data obtained from a range of ADCP deployments and this paper builds on this progress by describing new software for processing and visualizing ADCP data collected along transects in rivers or other bodies of water. The new utility, the Velocity Mapping Toolbox (VMT), allows rapid processing (vector rotation, projection, averaging and smoothing), visualization (planform and cross‐section vector and contouring), and analysis of a range of ADCP‐derived datasets. The paper documents the data processing routines in the toolbox and presents a set of diverse examples that demonstrate its capabilities. The toolbox is applicable to the analysis of ADCP data collected in a wide range of aquatic environments and is made available as open‐source code along with this publication. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   

粘滑过程中的多点错动   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李普春  刘力强  郭玲莉  刘培洵 《地震地质》2013,35(1):125-137

在实验室利用分布式多通道瞬态信号采集系统,从近场条件下研究了岩石粘滑过程中沿断层的声发射信号的初动到时和初动方向空间分布,并结合瞬态高频应变记录系统观测沿断层的应变分布特征,对粘滑过程中的震源错动行为进行了研究。实验在双轴伺服加载系统上进行。分析表明,一次突发应力降对应的瞬时震源滑动过程是由多次更短暂的微小错动组成的,每次短小错动都产生自己的声发射事件,并依次对应不同的应变值快速改变。而每一次的微小错动也可能不止一个位错点,而是对应空间上多个启动点,从振动波初动信号的空间分布形式与沿断层应变场不均匀分布中可以找到证据。近场条件下观测到的粘滑过程多点错动现象对于理解震源过程的复杂性,解释现场地震震源不确定性与震源机制解的高矛盾比现象提供了可能的依据。  相似文献   

Distributions and vertical variation patterns of sound speed of surface sediments in South China Sea     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

The distributions of sound speed show different characteristics in continental shelf, continental slope and Nansha Trough. The differences have closely related to the distributions of sediment physical properties in the southern South China Sea. According to the analysis of sound speeds and physical properties variation characteristics with buried depth, the vertical variations of sound speed are closely related to sediment texture, sedimentary environment, transport, erosion, compaction, consolidation, etc. The comparison results indicate 3 vertical variation patterns of sound speed: increasing model, invariant model and complicate variation model. The above 3 variation models represent the vertical distribution characteristics of sound speed in different depositional environments. Different variation patterns have different key factors which generally contain porosity or grain size. The calculated sound speeds with Buckingham’s theory of compressional waves in fluid-like marine sediments follows the trend of measured speeds accurately.  相似文献   

逆时偏移中的归一化加权互相关成像条件及应用     

常海明  何兵寿  杨佳佳  陈婷 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(1):51-55

成像条件是决定声波方程叠前逆时深度偏移效果的重要因素。常规的归一化互相关成像条件能补偿深部地层的反射波能量,但无法压制地震波逆时偏移过程中产生的偏移噪声。针对归一化互相关成像条件的主要缺陷,从二维声波方程出发,在交错网格空间中推导了声波方程逆时延拓的高阶有限差分格式和PML吸收边界条件,进而在对常规互相关成像条件分析的基础上对其进行改进,给出了一种加权互相关成像条件,即在成像过程中利用炮检波场的夹角进行加权校正,以实现只利用炮点下行波场与接收点上行波场进行成像的目标。模型数据和实测资料偏移结果表明,归一化加权互相关成像条件成像效果明显优于常规归一化互相关成像条件。  相似文献   

自然伽马拟声波曲线构建技术探讨     

查华胜  ;甘志超  ;刘卫佳  ;卞振平  ;徐翠云  ;于卓  ;盖一新 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(5):58-62

声波测井曲线在地震反演中起着约束和控制模型反演的作用,当其不能反映地层岩性变化时,通常会将现有的非声波测井曲线按照一定的经验公式或统计方法来重构新的声波曲线。但是,这些拟声波曲线构建技术并没有考虑到地层岩石孔隙及孔隙中流体的影响。在考虑到岩石孔隙和孔隙中流体的情况下,拟声波曲线构建技术可以先利用岩石基质的声波速度与自然伽马之间的关系来重构具有声波量纲的新曲线,然后结合原声波曲线中能够反映背景速度的低频信息,构建出新的声波曲线。该方法在鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾地区取得了不错的应用效果。  相似文献