双线平行盾构法隧道施工附加荷载的计算分析     

齐静静  徐日庆  魏纲 《岩土力学》2009,30(6):1665-1670

对隧道周围土体采用椭圆形非等量径向位移模式,在镜像法基本原理基础是推导了土体损失引起的附加应力计算公式;结合弹性力学Mindlin解得到的正面附加推力和摩擦力引起的附加应力,得到三者共同作用下总的附加应力公式,并通过算例分析了各影响因素下水平平行隧道上附加荷载的分布规律,重点探讨了土体损失引起的附加荷载在相邻隧道上的分布,分析结果对平行隧道施工具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

Multivariate statistical modelling of future marine storms     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

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土样矿物成分对固化土抗压强度增长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宁建国  黄新 《岩土力学》2010,31(1):113-117

通过人工制备物理力学性质相同而矿物成分不同的土样,考察相同水泥掺量的固化土抗压强度随土样矿物成分的变化,测定相应固化土孔隙液中主要离子浓度,并进行热力学计算,结果表明土样矿物成分,特别是蒙脱石,影响固化土孔隙液中Ca(OH)2的浓度,进而影响固化土抗压强度。在相同的水泥掺量作用下,含蒙脱石的固化土孔隙液中Ca(OH)2不饱和,随着土样中蒙脱石含量的减少,固化土孔隙液中Ca(OH)2浓度增加,水泥水化生成的胶凝性水化物的量也相应地增多,固化土抗压强度增量也随之提高;当固化土孔隙液中Ca(OH)2浓度达到饱和,土样矿物成分基本不影响固化土抗压强度。并在此基础上使用碱性外掺剂调整固化土孔隙液中Ca(OH)2浓度,试验结果表明：使用碱性外掺剂可以改变固化土孔隙液中Ca(OH)2浓度,减小甚至消除土样矿物成分对固化土孔隙液Ca(OH)2浓度的影响,提高固化土抗压强度。  相似文献   

Spatial considerations when monitoring reef fishes     

D Parker  H Winker  ATF Bernard  MKS Smith  A Götz 《African Journal of Marine Science》2019,41(1):93-101

Spatial dependence can obscure relationships between response and explanatory variables because of structuring within the residuals reducing variance and biasing coefficient estimates. Here, we highlight the influence of the spatial component, in the presence of spatial dependence, on abundance trends. This is illustrated using abundance data for a Critically Endangered reef fish, dageraad Chrysoblephus cristiceps, which were obtained from a long-term monitoring programme in the Tsitsikamma National Park marine protected area, South Africa. Correlograms illustrate distinct spatial structuring in the abundance data, and spatial variables were determined as more important than temporal variables when ranked according to predictive power using a random forest analysis. A generalised additive model (GAM) that did not account for spatial dependencies was compared to a generalised additive mixed model (GAMM) that incorporated a spatial residual correlation structure. Results derived from the spatially explicit GAMM differed considerably from the GAM lacking a spatial component, with the latter deemed to produce over-precise and partially biased abundance trends. The study emphasises the importance of space in accurately modelling abundance estimates, particularly temporal trends, and provides an introduction to the minimal statistical requirements necessary to address the violations associated with spatial autocorrelation.  相似文献   

不同藻类对温度与磷叠加作用的响应模式   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨燕  朱雪竹  张民  孔繁翔  黄亚新 《湖泊科学》2016,28(4):843-851

气候变暖对富营养化引起的蓝藻水华扩张具有叠加作用,为探索不同藻类对气候变暖与富营养化叠加作用的响应模式,选用富营养化水体常见藻类铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、水华鱼腥藻(Anabaena flos-aquae)和斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)作为材料,采用室内培养方法,模拟春末不同升温幅度(20+3、23+3和20+6℃),5个磷浓度水平(0、0.05、0.15、0.30和0.50 mg/L),通过生长速率、光化学参数等的测定,分析不同藻类对温度升高和营养盐添加的生长与光化学响应.结果表明:3种藻的生长速率对温度和磷的叠加作用呈现不同的响应模式:随着磷浓度的升高,铜绿微囊藻的生长速率受温度的叠加作用不断增加,26℃时差异最大;水华鱼腥藻生长速率除在0.30 mg/L磷浓度时受温度叠加作用比较明显外,其他磷浓度水平均没有显著的叠加效应;斜生栅藻在不同磷浓度水平下受温度叠加作用影响有较大波动,但无明显差异.铜绿微囊藻对温度的叠加作用随着磷浓度的增加呈现逻辑斯蒂模式增长,而水华鱼腥藻和斜生栅藻均是在特定温度或特定营养盐浓度时呈现最大的叠加作用,叠加作用的趋势不明显.从Fv/Fm结果可知,铜绿微囊藻下降幅度明显高于水华鱼腥藻和斜生栅藻,随温度升高,磷浓度越高,铜绿微囊藻的Fv/Fm下降幅度越大,这可能是铜绿微囊藻在高生长速率下色素无法积累所致;水华鱼腥藻的Fv/Fm基本保持稳定,各组间差异较小;斜生栅藻的Fv/Fm在低磷浓度组明显低于高磷浓度组,并且随温度升高下降趋势增加,3种藻的光学特性响应反映了藻类在叠加作用下生长的变化.综上所述,铜绿微囊藻对温度上升与磷浓度的升高有更强的响应,导致其产生更高的生长速率,从而促进了蓝藻水华的扩张.  相似文献   

河流大型底栖动物对环境压力的响应:以太湖、巢湖流域为例     

张又  蔡永久  张颖  高俊峰  李宽意 《湖泊科学》2021,33(1):204-217

为了解河流大型底栖动物对环境压力的响应关系,以人类干扰程度不同的太湖流域和巢湖流域为研究区,系统调查区域内河流大型底栖动物,结合水体、沉积物理化数据及生境质量状况,运用空间分析和多元统计分析等方法,探讨了大型底栖动物多样性及典型物种对关键环境因素的响应规律.结果表明,太湖流域和巢湖流域的环境质量和大型底栖动物群落结构均差异较大,巢湖流域的生境质量优于太湖流域,巢湖流域平原区部分点位的水体营养盐(特别是氮浓度)高于太湖流域平原区.巢湖流域丘陵区的敏感型物种(主要为水生昆虫)密度远高于太湖流域丘陵区,太湖流域丘陵区的耐污型物种(寡毛纲)平均密度稍高于巢湖流域丘陵区,而巢湖流域平原区的寡毛纲霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)和苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)平均密度远高于太湖流域平原区.广义加性模型建立的响应关系曲线表明,栖境多样性和总氮浓度可以作为生物多样性的指示因子.铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)、椭圆萝卜螺(Radix swinhoei)、河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)、霍甫水丝蚓、苏氏尾鳃蚓、黄色羽摇蚊(Chironomus flaviplumus)等特征物种与特定环境因子的响应关系显著,这些物种也可以作为环境监测的指示物种.底栖动物环境梯度的响应曲线能够定量地描述底栖动物群落对环境因子的响应关系,有利于深入了解水体水质、营养状态及生境质量与大型底栖动物群落结构的相关关系,进而预测不同人为干扰下大型底栖动物群落结构的变化趋势和演替过程.  相似文献   

海州湾及邻近海域口虾蛄栖息地适宜性建模的环境变量优化     

张云雷  于华明  于海庆  徐宾铎  张崇良  任一平  薛莹  许莉莉 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(6):36-47

Habitat suitability index(HSI) models have been widely used to analyze the relationship between species abundance and environmental factors, and ultimately inform management of marine species. The response of species abundance to each environmental variable is different and habitat requirements may change over life history stages and seasons. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal combination of environmental variables in HSI modelling. In this study, generalized additive models(GAMs) were used to determine which environmental variables to be included in the HSI models. Significant variables were retained and weighted in the HSI model according to their relative contribution(%) to the total deviation explained by the boosted regression tree(BRT). The HSI models were applied to evaluate the habitat suitability of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in the Haizhou Bay and adjacent areas in 2011 and 2013–2017. Ontogenetic and seasonal variations in HSI models of mantis shrimp were also examined. Among the four models(non-optimized model, BRT informed HSI model,GAM informed HSI model, and both BRT and GAM informed HSI model), both BRT and GAM informed HSI model showed the best performance. Four environmental variables(bottom temperature, depth, distance offshore and sediment type) were selected in the HSI models for four groups(spring-juvenile, spring-adult, falljuvenile and fall-adult) of mantis shrimp. The distribution of habitat suitability showed similar patterns between juveniles and adults, but obvious seasonal variations were observed. This study suggests that the process of optimizing environmental variables in HSI models improves the performance of HSI models, and this optimization strategy could be extended to other marine organisms to enhance the understanding of the habitat suitability of target species.  相似文献   

KCP泥浆在地热井钻进中的应用     

孙国强 《煤田地质与勘探》1998,26(1):69-70

KCP泥浆是以KHM、CMC、PHP为处理剂的用于地热钻探的抗高温泥浆。它具有较好的抗温、防卡、防塌作用,并利于成井、洗井、投产,在西安地区使用取得了良好的效果。   相似文献   

矿物和稀土在饲料工业中的应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李文光 《化工矿产地质》1998,20(4):331-338

矿物质作为一种重要的饲料添加剂的作用日益为人们所重视。按其作用可划分为营养性添加剂（包括取自矿物中的钙、磷、镁、盐类物质等）以及非营养性添加剂（粘土类矿物、膨润土、海泡石、珍珠岩、蛭石及稀土元素等）。国内外信息表明,矿物饲料添加剂的开发与应用具有广阔的前景。  相似文献   

Drivers of interannual and intra‐annual variability of dissolved organic carbon concentration in the River Thames between 1884 and 2013     

Valentina Noacco  Christopher J. Duffy  Thorsten Wagener  Fred Worrall  Matteo Fasiolo  Nicholas J.K. Howden 《水文研究》2019,33(6):994-1012

The world's longest record of river water quality (River Thames—130 years) provides a unique opportunity to understand fluvial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations dynamics. Understanding riverine DOC variability through long‐term studies is crucial to capture patterns and drivers influencing sources of DOC at scales relevant for decision making. The Thames basin (United Kingdom) has undergone massive land‐use change, as well as increased urbanisation and population during the period considered. We aimed to investigate the drivers of intra‐annual to interannual DOC variability, assess the variability due to natural and anthropogenic factors, and understand the causes for the increased DOC variability over the period. Two approaches were used to achieve these aims. The first method was singular spectrum analysis, which was used to reconstruct the major oscillatory modes of DOC, hydroclimatic variables, and atmospheric circulation patterns and to visualise the interaction between these variables. The second approach used was generalised additive modelling, which was used to investigate other non‐natural drivers of DOC variability. Our study shows that DOC variability increased by 80% over the data period, with the greatest increase occurring from the beginning of World War II onwards. The primary driver of the increase in DOC variability was the increase in the average value of fluvial DOC over the period of record, which was itself linked to the increase in basin population and diffuse DOC sources to the river due to land‐use and land‐management changes. Seasonal DOC variability was linked to streamflow and temperature. Our study allows to identify drivers of fluvial intra‐annual and interannual DOC variability and therefore empowers actions to reduce high DOC concentrations.  相似文献