Stochastic modelling of erosion and deposition in cohesive soils     

Aleksey Sidorchuk 《水文研究》2005,19(7):1399-1417

A new stochastic method of detachment rate estimation was used in erosion modelling. This method was based on calculating the probability of driving forces exceeding resistance forces in the interaction of oscillating flow and structured soil. Knowledge of the probability density functions for flow velocity, soil cohesion, aggregate size and soil integrity makes it possible to calculate theoretically the erosion rate of cohesive soil for any combination of these stochastic variables. The proposed theory explains the variability in relationships between rate of detachment and flow velocity. With flow velocity, detachment rate increases more rapidly for more integrated soil with higher cohesion and larger aggregates. This theory also shows the great difference between soil erosion type for relatively high and relatively low flow velocities, and explains rather high errors, even with detailed models, in the calculation of low soil erosion rate. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

冻融交替对砒砂岩与沙复配土壤团粒结构的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张海欧  韩霁昌  张扬  王欢元 《冰川冻土》2016,38(1):186-191

为研究冻融交替对砒砂岩与沙复配土壤团粒结构的影响,采用室内模拟冻融实验方法,研究了不同冻融周期和黏粒含量对复配土壤团粒结构的影响.结果表明:冻融周期、黏粒含量及二者的交互作用对复配土壤各级团粒结构组成均具有显著或极显著的影响.复配土壤黏粒含量越高,团粒结构的稳定性越高;在冻融作用下,随着复配土壤中沙比例的增大,大团粒结构含量总体呈降低趋势,降低速率先减小后增大,且砒砂岩与沙比例为1:1时大团粒结构降低的速率最小.结果说明冻融交替作用降低了土壤团粒结构的稳定性,将较大颗粒团粒结构崩解破碎成小粒级颗粒,更易于砒砂岩和沙复配成土.  相似文献   

粗粒土的分数阶应变率及其与分形维度的关系     

孙逸飞  沈扬  刘汉龙 《岩土力学》2018,39(Z1):297-302

在波浪荷载、潮汐作用下砂土等粗粒土常常经受长期动力变形。运用分数阶微积分理论,分析了5种不同粗粒土在不同加载条件下的累积变形特性及粗粒土的分数阶应变率,传统的整数阶应变率随着加载次数的变化而变化,而粗粒土的分数阶应变率在同一加载条件下保持为常数。通过粗粒土颗粒破碎的分形理论,尝试建立分数阶应变率与土颗粒分布的分形维度之间的关系,分析土体分形维度对分数阶应变率大小的影响,发现随着分形维度的增加,分数阶应变率的数值降低。  相似文献   

Variability of shallow overland flow velocity and soil aggregate transport observed with digital videography   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Sidorchuk  J. Schmidt  G. Cooper 《水文研究》2008,22(20):4035-4048

Field experiments at Tiramoana station 30 km north of Christchurch, New Zealand using an erosion plot 16·5 m long, 0·6 m wide, and with a slope of 14–14·5° on rendzina soil aimed to measure the variability of flow velocity and of soil aggregates transport rate in shallow overland flow. Discharge/cross‐section area ratio was used to estimate mean velocity, and high‐speed digital video camera and image analysis provided information about flow and sediment transport variability. Six flow runs with 0·5–3·0 L s^?1 discharges were supercritical with Froude numbers close to or more than 1. Mean flow velocity followed Poiseuille law, float numbers were more than 1·5 and hydraulic resistance was an inverse proportional function of the Reynolds number, which is typical for laminar flows. Hence actual velocity varied through time significantly and the power spectrum was of ‘red‐noise’, which is typical for turbulent flow. Sediment transport rates had even higher variability, and soil aggregates transport was a compound Poisson process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

表土结皮形成影响因素述评   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘平  张虎元  王锦芳  严耿升 《干旱区地理》2009,32(5)

西北干旱半干旱地区,表土结皮普遍发育,其形成受诸多因素影响。土壤质地是影响表土结皮形成的最重要因素。此外,团聚体稳定性、表面粗糙度、矿物质和交换性离子浓度、降雨历时、降雨强度、前期含水量、湿润速度等因素同样对结皮的形成具有重要影响。结皮的形成可以简要归纳为两个主要过程,一是团聚体的分散,二是分散后的粘粒阻塞土壤孔隙。因此团聚体稳定性和粘粒含量是影响表土结皮形成的关键。研究发现,土壤中粘粒含量为20%～30%时,极易形成结皮,当粘粒含量超过40%时,团聚体变得较为稳定,结皮形成受到一定抑制。此外,土壤中如果富含蒙脱石矿物,或者土壤溶液具有较低的交换性钠离子和电解质浓度,则表土结皮易于形成。前期含水量和湿润速度对结皮形成也同样具有重要影响。试验表明,粘粒含量较高的试样在较低的前期含水量情况下更容易形成结皮,因为稳定性较高的团聚体在干燥条件下更容易因迅速湿润而崩解。湿润速度对表土结皮的影响作用随着粘粒含量的增加而增大,但在土壤结构不稳定条件下,其影响作用受到很大限制。影响结皮形成的各因素并不是孤立的,它们之间互相作用、互相影响,这给定量研究和分析结皮形成敏感性带来很大难度,如何对各影响因子的临界值进行确定以及定量研...  相似文献   

土石混合体渗透性现场试坑试验研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

徐扬  高谦  李欣  李俊华  贾云喜 《岩土力学》2009,30(3):855-858

针对唐钢司家营铁矿Ⅲ采场露天转井下开采回填废石设计研究工程要求,在该矿区Ⅲ采场附近进行了大尺度现场渗透试验。开挖3个大尺寸试坑,在各试坑中分层回填不同粒径范围及厚度的废石（土）进行试坑注水试验;测定回填土石混合体的近似渗透系数,测试土石混合体的粒径组成,并计算出各坑土石混合体的平均粒径和非均匀度。试验研究发现,回填土石混合体的渗透系数分别随平均粒径与非均匀度的增大而增大。降低回填废石（土）的平均粒径和非均匀度可以有效降低回填废石层的渗透性。  相似文献   

Formulae for the statistical interrelationships between several orbital parameters of particles in the Oort Cloud and other orbiting aggregates     

Kerry M. Soileau 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1990,49(1):11-29

Assuming the motion of particles in an orbiting aggregate (e.g., the Oort Cloud is unperturbed Keplerian, the mean joint density of distance and speed depends only upon the densities of eccentricity and semi-major axis length. We derive a formula for the mean joint density of distance and speed in terms of these densities. Also provided are formulae which, given an observed mean joint density of distance and speed, permit the computation of the corresponding semi-major axis length and eccentricity densities. The results of this paper permit one to derive the structure of an orbiting aggregate given a minimum of information.Box 58421 Houston, Texas 77058  相似文献   

Utilization of fly ash as engineering pellet aggregates     

Haydar Arslan  Gokhan Baykal 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(5):761-770

It has been recognized that there exists a serious need for recovery and reuse of industrial wastes. Agglomeration by pelletization method can alleviate the problems associated with fly ash. The objective of this study was to evaluate the material properties of manufactured aggregates produced from fly ash and cement mixing by pelletization method. Engineering properties of the manufactured aggregates were evaluated experimentally. Crushing strength, specific gravity, water absorption, particle size distribution, surface characteristics and shear strength properties of the manufactured aggregates were evaluated. For all practical purposes, the study showed that the manufactured aggregates are a good alternative for wide range civil engineering applications.  相似文献   

水力紊动条件对泥沙絮体分形结构的影响   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李冬梅  金同轨  王和平  梅胜  谭万春 《水科学进展》2006,17(3):402-406

在含沙量为85 kg/m3的悬浊液中投加阳型高分子聚合物,改变水力紊动条件:剪切速率(r)或速度梯度(G)与剪切时间(t),借助沉降技术、图像分析技术及分形特性定量表征参数“分维”探讨了架桥絮体结构的演变规律,得出分形结构达最佳状态时的水力紊动强度(Gt)值存在两个临界值:快速絮凝阶段和慢速絮凝阶段。实验发现,不同含沙量架桥絮体分形结构致密度最高时所需的最佳Gt值相近。含沙量越低,r或G值应降低,t值增加,分维值降低。另外,相同含沙量无机混凝剂絮体与高分子架桥絮体分形结构达最佳时,前者所需Gt值高,对应的G值低,t需延长,絮体平均质量分维(D₃)值高,但絮体结构脆弱。  相似文献   

长期施肥影响下亚热带红壤性水稻土团聚体组成及氮储量分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李文军  彭保发  曾庆禹  王亚力  李逢喜  青志桃 《地理科学进展》2014,33(10)

以亚热带典型红壤性水稻土为研究对象,利用干筛法研究长期单施化肥和化肥配施有机肥对耕作层和犁底层土壤团聚体组成及其全氮储量分布的影响.结果表明:＞5 mm的块状结构是土壤团聚体的主要组分,其含量比例高达65.7％～83.4％;同时,该级团聚体中全氮储量占土壤总储量的比例亦高达63.1％～82.7％,是土壤全氮储量的主要载体.随土层加深,块状结构体比例增加,其他粒级团聚体含量降低.除＜0.25 mm粒级外,团聚体中全氮含量随其粒径减小而增大,而全氮储量则呈降低趋势.施肥特别是化肥配施有机肥后同土层0.25～5 mm大团聚体含量显著增加.团聚体稳定性增强,2～5、0.5～2、0.25～0.5 mm团聚体及土壤中全氮含量和储量显著增加(P＜0.05),新增氮储量主要向大团聚体,特别是2～5 mm团聚体中富集.施肥对团聚体组成及其全氮含量的影响随土层加深而减弱.与单施化肥相比较,化肥配施有机肥显著提升犁底层和全层土壤全氮储量(P＜0.05),是更好的施肥模式,可在亚热带红壤性水稻土分布区推广应用.  相似文献