Distributing the bigeye conservation burden in the western and central pacific fisheries     

Quentin Hanich 《Marine Policy》2012,36(2):327-332

The Western and Central Pacific Ocean is home to the world's most productive tuna fisheries, with the majority of tuna catches occurring inside the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of the region's developing coastal States. It is important that these fisheries are managed effectively throughout their range, both within and between EEZs and on the high seas. Unrestrained exploitation in a particular EEZ or on the high seas has the potential to significantly impact on catches elsewhere with potentially devastating consequences for developing coastal States, some of which have few alternate resources. The Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) was established in 2004 to manage the region's highly migratory tuna fisheries. However, the WCPFC has since repeatedly failed to adopt conservation and management measures that are sufficient to meet the WCPFC's conservation and sustainable use objectives. This paper analyses catch data from the WCPFC and suggests that the weak position of bigeye (in a strategic political context), the unwillingness of members to compromise their interests and the lack of a transparent framework for distributing the burden of conservation are key factors in the WCPFC's failure to adopt sufficiently strong conservation and management measures.  相似文献   

南沙北部灯光罩网与金枪鱼延绳钓联合探捕     

冯波  许永雄  卢伙胜 《广东海洋大学学报》2012,(4):54-58

2010年7月利用灯光罩网和延绳钓对南沙北部海域进行了初步的渔业资源调查,报道了该海域的鸢乌贼(Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis)和金枪鱼的渔获与分布状况。灯光罩网平均CPUE 63.90 kg/网,主要渔获物为鸢乌贼,占总产量的67.57%,平均胴长122 mm,质量89.6 g;延绳钓平均CPUE为18.19 kg/百钩,其中大目金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)3.24 kg/百钩、短鳍斜齿鲨(Scoliodon Palasorrah)10.46 kg/百钩,渔获尾数较多的为帆蜥鱼(Alepisaurus ferox)和黑魟(Dasyatis atratus),分别占总数的39.13%和26.09%。提出南沙金枪鱼捕捞采用延绳钓与灯光罩网联合方式的建议。  相似文献   

Proximate composition of albacore tuna,Thunnus alalunga,from the temperate South Pacific and Tasman Sea     

Peter Vlieg  Talbot Murray 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):491-496

The proximate composition was determined of the white muscle of albacore tuna, Thunnus alalunga, caught by surface trolling along the Subtropical Convergence Zone east of the South Island of New Zealand ("Area 1"), and to the north and west of the North Island ("Area 2"). Fish from Area 1 were 70 ± 10 cm (mean ± s.d.) in fork length, and higher in oil content (4.6 ± 2.9%), than Area 2 fish which measured 55 ± 10 cm and contained 2.8 ±1.7% oil. The ash content of the white muscle of all fish sampled was 1.2 ± 0.1%, and the soluble carbohydrate content 0.36 ± 0.04%. Crude protein contents were calculated at c. 25%. Statistical relationships between moisture and oil contents of both white and red muscle were determined; they can be used to predict oil content from a known moisture content. Oil content was positively correlated with fork length, and negatively correlated with the sea surface temperature at time of capture. Oil levels in the fillet were highest in the muscle layer immediately below the skin and decreased logarithmically with depth. In fish with low white‐muscle oil content (below 5%), the corresponding red‐muscle oil content was higher; above 6% white muscle oil content the corresponding red‐muscle oil content was lower. The proximate composition of whole fish, the head, frame, skin, and viscera is presented.  相似文献   

Sink rate of baited hooks during deployment of a pelagic longline from a New Zealand fishing vessel     

Simon Anderson  Brian Mcardle 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):185-195

The sink rate of baited hooks during the deployment of a pelagic longline was determined using time depth recorders. This study was undertaken to determine how long baited hooks are within the known diving ranges of seabirds. During the vessel's normal fishing operations the unweighted baited hooks reached a mean depth of 5.57 m, 30 s after being deployed. The tori line aerial section covered the longline for a mean time of 29.3 s. With the addition of a 60 g lead swivel, the mean baited hook depth attained more than doubled to 13.44 m, and a further trial using a lead core cord in the snood configuration showed a small but significant increase in hook depth over the unweighted control (7.27 m). An increase in wind speed caused the baited hooks to sink faster (0.54 m for each Beaufort unit increase in wind speed). There was also evidence that the apparent wind direction while the vessel is setting also has an effect on the depths realised, but swell height had no detectable effect. The temperature of the bait also significantly affected the hook depth: partially thawed baits sank faster than thawed baits. A 1°C rise in bait temperature reduced the depth by 0.19 m. During normal line setting on this vessel using unweighted branchlines and a tori line, a considerable proportion of the baited hooks are within the known diving range of sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus), white chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis), shy albatross (Thalassarche cauta), black browed albatross (T. melanophrys), grey headed albatross (T. chrysostoma), and light mantled sooty albatross (Phoebetria palpebrata). The addition of a 60 g weight removes the baited hooks from the recorded diving range of all of these species except sooty shearwaters. Investigating the behaviour of different gear configurations along with evaluating the effect that environmental conditions have on the deployment of a longline will greatly add to our understanding of why some seabirds are caught.  相似文献   

Patterns and trends in seabird bycatch in the pelagic longline fishery off South Africa     

DP Rollinson  RM Wanless  PG Ryan 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(1):9-25

Both foreign and domestic pelagic longline fishing vessels operate in South Africa’s Exclusive Economic Zone and adjacent international waters where they kill hundreds of seabirds each year as bycatch. To update assessments of the impact of the pelagic longline fishery on seabirds off South Africa, information on necropsied seabirds and national fisheries observer bycatch records were summarised for 2006–2013. Foreign-flagged (Asian) vessels had 100% observer coverage throughout the study period, whereas only 6% of the fishing effort by South African-flagged vessels was observed (with no coverage in 2011–2013). Vessels with observers caught seabirds at a rate of 0.132 birds per 1 000 hooks, resulting in an estimated mortality of 2 851 individuals (356 per year) comprising 14 species. Extrapolation of the observed fishing sets to the unobserved fishing sets by the South African domestic longline fleet suggested that approximately 750 additional birds were likely killed during the study period, therefore a combined 450 birds were killed per year. White-chinned petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis was the most frequently killed species (66%), followed by ‘shy-type’ albatrosses Thalassarche cauta/steadi (21%), black-browed albatross T. melanophris (7%), Indian yellow-nosed albatross T. carteri (3%), and Cape gannet Morus capensis (2%). The seabird bycatch rates were lower than in 1998–2005. Nationality of the vessel, time of line-setting, moon phase, year, season, fishing area, and seabird bycatch mitigation measures all influenced seabird mortality. Concurrent with 100% observer coverage, significant reductions in the seabird bycatch rate occurred in the Asian fleet in the latter years of the study, and these rates now approximate the national target (0.05 birds per 1 000 hooks). However, seabird bycatch rates remained high in the South African fleet, where no observers were deployed during 2011–2013, highlighting the need for independent observer programmes in fisheries—a matter of global interest. Suggestions are made as to how seabird bycatch by pelagic longline fisheries off South Africa may be further reduced.  相似文献   

水温影响下的印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼亲体补充量关系模拟研究     

冯波  陈新军  西田勤 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(3):62-66

根据1960-2002年印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼亲体量-补充量(stock-recruitment,SR)及其表层水温资料,利用Ricker模型,水温分期Ricker模型和模糊逻辑Ricker模型,考察表层加权水温与黄鳍金枪鱼亲体量、补充量之间的关系。研究表明,模糊逻辑Ricker模型拟合效果最好,水温分期Ricker模型次之,均优于原始Ricker模型。水温分期Ricker模型中的暖水月补充量比冷水月大,在黄鳍金枪鱼资源量较低时,暖水条件更有利于种群的繁衍。模糊逻辑Ricker模型得出冷水月和暖水月条件下的极端估计,受水温等外界条件影响,黄鳍金枪鱼的补充量在两条SR曲线间波动。水温等环境条件的变化产生了不同于依赖于密度因素的种群动力过程,限制了原始Ricker模型对亲体补充量关系的描述。  相似文献   

大西洋中部黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)的垂直分布与有关环境因子的关系   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

宋利明  陈新军  许柳雄 《海洋与湖沼》2004,35(1):64-68

根据2001年6—10月在大西洋中部大洋性金枪鱼延绳钓作业中观测到的黄鳍金枪鱼的上钩钩号,应用悬链线钩深计算公式分别计算出各钩号的钩深;根据STD仪测得的温度、盐度的垂直分布以钩深为引数,查出该尾鱼捕获水深处的温、盐数据;根据黄鳍金枪鱼的取样数据,推算出各水层、各水温段、各盐度段的渔获率。渔获率最大的水层、水温段、盐度段为黄鳍金枪鱼的最适水层、水温段、盐度段;渔获率为前3位的水层、水温、盐度段为黄鳍金枪鱼活动较频繁的水层、水温段、盐度段。结果表明,在大西洋中部,黄鳍金枪鱼的最适水层为150．00—179．99m,最适水温段为13．00—13．99℃,最适盐度段为35．40—35．49;大西洋中部渔场黄鳍金枪鱼活动较频繁的水层为120．00—209．99m,水温段为12．00—14．99℃,盐度段为35．20—35．49。  相似文献   

硝酸银络合法浓缩金枪鱼鱼油多不饱和脂肪酸的研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

刘卓华  刘书成  田树良  洪鹏志  章超桦 《广东海洋大学学报》2004,24(4):33-37

以金枪鱼鱼油混合脂肪酸为材料 ,利用硝酸银络合法浓缩其中的多不饱和脂肪酸 (PU FA) ,主要考察了搅拌时间和硝酸银浓度对产品得率和EPA和DHA含量的影响 ,并测定了产品的理化指标和脂肪酸组成。研究结果表明 :搅拌时间为 6 0min ,硝酸银浓度为 4mol/L时得到的产品得率为 18.0 3% ,浓缩产品中的EPA和DHA的质量分数分别为 9.78%和 86 .0 7% ,总质量分数达95 .85 % ,过氧化值为 7.35mmol/kg ,碘值 2 6 0 8.9g/kg。  相似文献   

Accumulation of mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic in swordfish and bluefin tuna from the Mediterranean Sea: a comparative study   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Storelli MM  Giacominelli-Stuffler R  Storelli A  Marcotrigiano GO 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(9):1004-1007

  相似文献   

印度洋金枪鱼渔业现状   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

叶振江  梁振林  迟维真  沙颖文  刘元刚 《海洋湖沼通报》2004,(3):74-82

报道了印度洋海域金枪鱼渔业近十年的生产概况，结果显示，印度洋金枪鱼渔业从业国家和地区已达40个，从业国家(地区)中以欧共体、印度尼西亚、印度、伊朗、斯里兰卡、中国台湾、马尔代夫等所占份额较高，以2000年计占当年印度洋金枪鱼渔业总产量的68．17％。产量140万吨，以金枪鱼类所占份额最高．主要金枪鱼渔获种类依次为鲣、黄鳍金枪鱼和大眼金枪鱼，主要渔业方式为金枪鱼围网、刺网及延绳钓。中国在印度洋海域金枪鱼渔业中年占份额较小，捕捞产量从1995年的444吨逐渐上升到2000年的6408吨。  相似文献