东川6.5级地震前的外部环境异常     

李保进 《地震研究》1992,15(1):46-52

1966年2月5日东川6.5级地震前3年震区周围降水量的大幅度涨落,震前1月内气温、地温的明显增高,震前1—2天霾和动物异常的出现。以及地震发生在近“望”时刻等环境变化,说明东川6.5级地震前既有地下热能输出,又受到地表动荷载和天体引潮力的激励,即东川6.5级地震是在地壳内外作用叠加下发生的。  相似文献   

近海水域病原菌多样性研究进展     

赖迎迢  王颖  石存斌  吴淑勤 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(4)

水产动物病原菌广泛分布于近海,不但影响海水养殖业的发展、海产品的质量安全,甚至还威胁到人类公众健康,因此,开展近海水域病原菌多样性的研究,对于海水养殖业的可持续发展及人类健康都具有重要意义。文章综述了近海水域水产动物病原菌多样性研究主要方法的原理、特点以及局限性,介绍了16S rRNA序列分析、分子杂交、指纹图谱等分子生物学技术,阐述了实时荧光定量PCR、竞争定量PCR等定量研究技术的应用,展望了病原菌多样性研究的发展趋势是原位、快速、高通量、灵敏、多技术联合和准确定量。  相似文献   

Hydrological regimes in a tropical valley of New Caledonia (SW Pacific): Impacts of wildfires and invasive fauna     

Caroline Marie Clémence Tramier  Pierre Genthon  Quentin Réginald Camille Paul Delvienne  Nicolas Luc Sauvan  Jean-Jérôme Olivier Cassan  Etienne Ebrard  Pascal Sébastien Dumas  Yann Queffélean 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14071

In New Caledonia wildfires and invasive mammals (deer and wild pigs) constitute the major agents of land surface degradation. Our study reveals the linkage between land cover and water balance on the northeast coast of New Caledonia (2400 mm annual rainfall) located on a micaschist basement. The hydrological regime of characteristic and representative land surfaces is assessed using a 1-year record from three 100 m² plots each, located in a forest area degraded by an invasive fauna, in a woody savannah which is regularly burned, and in a healthy forest area. The three plots present highly contrasting hydrological regimes, with annual and maximum runoff/rain ratios during a rain event of, respectively, 0.82, 0.16, 0.03, and 2.7, 0.7, 0.2, for the degraded forest, the savannah and the healthy forest. Such results suggest that subsurface flow originating from the contributing area above the degraded forest plot should exfiltrate inside the plot. A conceptual model for the degraded forest plot shows that water exfiltrating inside the plot represents 61% of the observed runoff. In savannahs, water should mainly be transferred downstream by subsurface flow within a thick organic soil layer limited by an impervious clay layer at a 20–30 cm depth. Savannahs are generally located above forests and generate the transfer of rainwater to downslope forests. Exfiltration into the forests can be the result of this transfer and depends on the thickness and permeability of the forest topsoils and on topographic gradients. Water exfiltration in forest areas highly degraded by pigs and deer enhances erosion and increases further degradation. It probably also limits percolation in the areas located downstream by increasing the amount of superficial runoff concentrated in gullies.  相似文献   

Bitching about a billboard: Advertising, gender and canine (re)presentations     

Burnetta van Stipriaan  Robin A. Kearns 《New Zealand geographer》2009,65(2):126-138

There is an increasing presence of animal representations in advertising and these are frequently visible in the urban landscape via billboards. We contend that billboards constitute a banal, yet influential, component of the built environment in which subtle, yet powerful, interplays of gender and local culture can literally take place. We consider a controversial billboard campaign that displayed the image of a cross-dressed dog in Auckland in 1999. An analysis of the image and objections lodged against it allows us to conclude that in conveying a public service message, this campaign mounted by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, unintentionally performed another service: engaging the public in (re)interpreting the gendered nature of animal representation  相似文献   

GIS技术在动物疫病防控中的应用     

李万辉  刘延宏 《地理信息世界》2007,5(4):69-72

数字畜牧是动物卫生领域的重要发展趋势。本文着重讨论GIS技术在动物疫病防控中的应用,并以辽宁省畜禽分布定位及重大动物疫病防控调度指挥系统的建设为实例提出基于SuperMap GIS平台构建动物疫病防控系统的解决方案,从而为我国畜牧业信息化建设提供参考。  相似文献   

有关环境危害方面的一些问题——环境及其对社会与动物行为的影响(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S.S.Augustithis Vasileios Nastos 《地学前缘》2001,8(1):15-26

在很大程度上 ,危害是由地貌、地质及地球动力学等方面的原因引起的 ,而且从根本上来说 ,这些危害会影响到环境及其构型。一系列的自然现象都能引起自然灾害 (危害 )。人类对环境变化有巨大影响 ,并会导致大气圈、水圈的污染 ,而显著地损坏生物圈 ,例如大气圈、水圈、臭氧层等的破坏。更多的人为因素也会导致全球变暖及污染。许多内生的原因 ,对灾害的产生也起着重大作用。不过 ,就大多数物种在其中得以产生及演化的天然外界环境而言 ,它还有另一个值得注意的方面。环境也会影响到社会结构以及包括人类在内的生物的生活方式。可以把生命活动看成是岩石圈、大气圈、水圈及生物圈之间的一种复杂的相互作用。生命的起源 ,可以不同的看法来进行检阅。人类得以产生演化的环境 ,以及人类由综合和专业化了的器官组成的身体结构 ,已被用来与其他类似动物所具备的进行比较 ,并从广义的动物王国意义上 ,对生物间的关系做了研究和比较。对动物的行为做了研究 ,并对有关人类永生的“生命延长”概念给予了考虑。  相似文献   

长果桑果熟期摄食鸟类多样性     

王直军  陈进  邓晓保  白智林  刘勇  刘志秋 《山地学报》2001,19(1):48-52

鸟类对山地环境的变化敏感，对森林结构和食物资源的反应明显，我们在西双版纳人为影响的热带山林，进一步研究了长果桑果期摄食鸟类种群结构，对人类影响下森林生态系统动植关系及其动态变化有更清楚的了解；一些地区特有的鸟类种和亚种、大中型非雀形目鸟类、以及人们需要重点保护的鸟类，已经随着植被结构的变化和食源的减少而失去了。若不尽早消除干扰、改善植被结构，情况还会越来越严重。只有保护森林自然结构和自然更新，停止对森林结构的破坏性干扰，才可能有效保护鸟类多样性。  相似文献   

邢台地震的震后异常分析     

傅德川  张子广 《华北地震科学》1995,13(3):44-50

对１９６６年３月８日邢台６．８级地震后的异常进行了逐项分析与讨论，发现有些震后异常与后续７．２级主震有比较可信的内在联系。本文在归纳邢台震后异常特征的基础上，提出了６条可能在同类条件下对预报后续地震具有普遍意义的意见。  相似文献   

甘肃省畜牧气候资源分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

葛秉钧 《干旱气象》1995,(1)

从甘肃省畜牧气候资源基本特点出发，着重分析了畜牧业界限温度指标、时空分布以及气候条件对牧草产量、家畜膘情变化、牧事活动的影响。  相似文献   

Estimates of global N2O emissions from cattle, pig and chicken manure, including a discussion of CH4 emissions     

M. G. M. Berges  P. J. Crutzen 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,24(3):241-269

Humans seem to have doubled the global rate of terrestrial nitrogen fixation. Globally 50–70% (85 Tg, 1 Tg=10¹² g) of the nitrogen supplied in fertilizer (80 Tg N/a) and leguminous crops (40–80 Tg N/a) are used to feed cattle. The aim of the present study was to derive some estimates of global N₂O production from animal manure. As the parameter giving the most stable numerical basis for regional and global extrapolation we adopted the molar emission ratios of N₂O to NH₃. These ratios were measured in cattle, pig and chicken housings with different manure handling systems, in dung-heaps and in liquid manure storage tanks. Individual molar emission ratios from outside manure piles varied over two orders of magnitude, strongly dependent on the treatment of the manure. A median emission ratio of 1.6×10^-2 (n=65) was obtained in cow-sheds with slatted floors and liquid manure stored underneath and a median ratio of 24×10^-2 (n=31) was measured in a beef cattle housing with a solid manure handling system.We next extrapolated to global NH₃ emissions from those estimated for Europe, using N uptake by the animals as a scaling factor. Multiplication with observed N₂O to NH₃ ratios next provided some estimates of regional and global N₂O emissions. To account for the great variability of the emission ratios of N₂O/NH₃, we developed upper and lower case emission scenarios, based on lower and upper quartiles of measured emission ratios. The global emission from cattle and swine manure is in the range of 0.2–2.5 Tg N-N₂O/a, representing 44+-39% of the annual atmospheric accumulation rate. This N₂O emission arises from about 40 Tg N/a of cattle and pig manure stored in or at animal housings. We did not account for N₂O emissions from another 50 Tg N/a excreted by grazing cattle, goats and sheep, and application of the manure to agricultural fields. Our study makes it clear that major anthropogenic N₂O emissions may well arise from animal manure. The large uncertainty of emission ratios, which we encountered, show that much more intense research efforts are necessary to determine the factors that influence N₂O emissions from domestic animal manure both in order to derive a more reliable global estimate of N₂O release and to propose alternative waste treatment methods causing smaller N₂O releases. In our studies we found large enhancements in N₂O releases when straw was added to the manure, which is a rather common practice. In view of the ongoing discussion in Europe to re-install the traditional solid manure system (bed down cattle) for environmental and animal welfare reasons, it is noteworthy that our measurements indicate highest N₂O release from this particulary system.In a similar manner, but based on a smaller data set, we also estimated the release of CH₄ from cattle and swine manure and from liquid manure only to be about 9 Tg/year in good agreement with the estimate by the Environmental Protection Agency (1994) of 8.6+-2.6 Tg/year. A total annual methane release as high as 34 Tg/a was derived for solid and liquid cattle and pig manure from animals in housings.  相似文献