一种时空数据静态可视化表达方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏慧琼  李德仁  邵振峰  郑春燕 《测绘科学》2008,33(6):116-118,124

本文简要介绍了时空数据可视化的必要性,以及目前人们采用的时空数据可视化方法,并分析了这些方法的局限性,提出了一种将年轮(annual ring)作为时空载体,结合视觉变量对面状地物的属性数据进行静态可视化的方法。该方法将面状地物的同心环按照类似树木年轮的生长特征进行划分,作为空间和时间的载体,不同时期属性数据映射到相应的同心环中,同心环的厚度和色彩的差异揭示了属性数据的变化。最后以武汉市城市管理网格化平台的统计评价数据为例实现了对比率量表数据的时态可视化表达。本文所提出的静态时空可视化方法将面状地物的空间、属性和时间紧密地结合在一起,克服了以往静态可视化方法中时间-空间、时间-属性相分离的不足,试验证明了这种方法在实践中的可行性。  相似文献   

三峡水库建设前后10年库区景观空间格局动态变化研究——以重庆开县为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

邵怀勇  仙巍  杨武年  周万村 《测绘科学》2008,33(6):176-178

在遥感和地理信息系统技术的支持下,以1992年和2002年TM图像为基础,采用斑块密度、斑块平均面积、景观形状指数、景观分离度指数、景观多样性指数、景观优势度指数、景观相对聚集度指数深入而全面地研究了三峡工程建设前后十年重庆开县景观空间格局的动态变化,本研究的开展旨在为库区生态环境保护提供科学依据。研究结果表明,十年间研究区景观空间格局发生了明显变化,草地、未利用地、旱地、果园和水田面积净减,森林、建设用地、灌木林和水域面积增加,退耕还林已初见成效。  相似文献   

Time-dependent stress change during failure of rocks     

V.T. Belikov  A.F. Shestakov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2008,49(5):350-356

The energy balance of a solid subject to fracture has been explored using heat and mass transfer equations with regard to the volumetric and superficial components. In the suggested model, brittle fracture of a cracked solid considered as a heterogeneous two-phase medium is described by an equation analogous to the Griffith’s criterion for propagation of a single crack. The derived equation is used, together with estimates of relative change in specific interface area, to study the respective change of free strain energy and pressure in rocks associated with failure.  相似文献   

A spectrophotometric measurement of soil cation exchange capacity based on cobaltihexamine chloride absorbance     

Delphine Aran  Armand Maul  Jean-Franois Masfaraud 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2008,340(12):865-871

Among numerous methods for cation exchange capacity (CEC) determination for soils and sediments, the cobaltihexamine chloride method is frequently used due to its ability to measure CEC at soil pH. After exchange with Co(NH₃)₆³⁺ ions, CEC is estimated via the measurement of the Co remaining in solution. The modified method proposed allows a more rapid determination of CEC based on the measurement of the absorbance at 472 nm of the cobaltihexamine chloride solution before and after exchange. This method has been applied to various soil's horizons from four sites, selected to cover a wide range of CEC and pH values. The model obtained allows one to calculate CEC from absorbance at 472 nm with 95% confidence intervals. As CEC is of relevant meaning in agronomical and environmental purposes, and more recently in ecotoxicological studies, this modified method can be proposed as a rapid test for CEC evaluation.  相似文献   

大连滨海湿地景观格局变化及其驱动机制   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

姜玲玲  熊德琪  张新宇  张弘 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(4)

以2000年和2006年TM卫星影像为主要数据源,配合其它非遥感数据,在遥感与地理信息系统技术支持下,运用景观生态学原理,选取反映景观空间结构和景观异质性的指数,对大连地区湿地的整体景观格局和类型景观格局及其动态变化进行定量分析.结果表明:6年间,大连湿地面积减少了97.62 km2;整体景观多样性指数和均匀度指数降低,优势度指数增加;各类景观格局时间序列上也存在明显差异性变化.湿地景观格局指数的变化, 反映了移山填海工业园区的扩大及养殖业的大力发展等人为活动对景观格局的深刻影响.人为活动已成为大连市湿地景观格局变化的主要驱动因子.  相似文献   

An essay on the interactions between climate and society     

Michael H  GLANTZ  Qian YE 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(3):356-363

There has been increasing concern about the lack of involvement by social scientists and humanists in a global change program, although many social scientists are already directly involved in various aspects of research on environmental change, and their research interests are clearly central to a global change research agenda. Based on a historical review, the role of social science disciplines as well as social science institutes in an emerging multidecadal global change program is discussed. Both “plan of action” and “plan of inaction” are suggested to avoid potential pitfalls due to the rush development of a social science program into the existing global climate change problem.  相似文献   

Climate changing characteristics of Zhangye City in Heihe River basin during 1968–2005     

Mingji Li  Yuxia Ma  Peiji Shi 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(2):243-248

At present, researches on climate change of the Heihe River basin mainly focus on the relationship between basin climate change and regional water resources, regional desertification and dynamic climatic seasons of sandstorm, but less on climate change of oasis region, where there are more intense and frequent human activities. Based on data of precipitation, temperature, strong wind and dust events frequencies obtained from the six meteorological stations of Zhangye region in Heihe River basin, the features of climate change during 1968–2005 were carefully studied. Results show that the regional temperature rise rate exceeded the average level of China. The annual precipitation changed a little, but the precipitation had a slowly increasing trend in spring and winter. Frequencies of strong wind and sandstorm days show obviously descending trends, which had a close correlation with the regional temperature rise and the precipitation increase in spring and winter. Meanwhile, further human economic activities and exploitations to the oasis in the inland valley of arid regions also affected the climate change of this region, which has a sensitive and fragile eco-environment. __________ Translated from Journal of Desert Research, 2007, 27(6): 1048–1054 [译自: 中国沙漠]  相似文献   

Holocene climate reconstructions of Ulungur Lake (Xinjiang,China) inferred from ostracod species assemblages and stable isotopes     

Qingfeng JIANG  Ji SHEN  Xingqi LIU  Enlou ZHANG 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(1):31-40

In this paper, the data on the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes during the Holocene are presented and a discussion is made on a 225-cm-long sediment core from Ulungur Lake, located in Northwest China. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the bulk organic matter. On the basis of the analysis of ostracod assemblages and the shell stable isotopes, the core is divided into three paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental evolution stages: 9 985–5 250 cal.aB.P. stage is the wettest phase of the core section. The climate changed from moderate-dry to cool-wet, and then to warm-wet in turn, and the lake level rose accordingly, showing the characteristic of a high lake level. 5 250–1 255 cal.aB.P. stage was the driest phase of the core sediment. The climate turned from the early warm-dry to the late warm-wet and the lake level fell and rose again. Finally, the 1 255 cal.aB.P. stage was the medium stage of the section. The temperature was low and then increased after the 1920s and the climate was dry. The whole climatic and environmental evolution records of Lake Ulungur were not only in agreement with the sporopollen record of the same core but also in agreement with the record of environmental changes of adjacent areas. It responded to regional environmental changes and global abrupt climate events, following the westerly climate change mode on 100-year-scale, primarily with cold-wet and warmdry characteristics. __________ Translated from Quaternary Sciences, 2007, 27(3):382–391 [译自:第四纪研究]  相似文献   

Accelerating ground warming in the Canadian Prairie provinces: Is it a result of global warming?     

Jacek A. Majorowicz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,147(1):1-24

The results of precision temperature logs made to depths of several hundred meters in some 80 wells in Western Canada, most of which are located in the Prairie Provinces, show evidence of warming at the ground surface in the 0.5 K to 3.5 K range (average=2.2±0.7 K, for 80 unevenly distributed sites). Modeling shows that this warming mostly pertains to this century and it has been most substantal in the last four decades if the ramp function of the linear increase of surface temperature is assumed. Using the step function model's increase of surface temperature (land clearing, forest fires, etc.) the calculated onset of warming would pertain mostly to the last two decades. Contour maps of ground temperatures currently and previously and a contour map of the ground warming magnitude dilineate a large regional character of the ground temperature change at the southern marigin of permafrost for the large area of the Prairie Provinces. In many cases however, the magnitude of ground warming is much larger than the magnitude of air warming. This is especially evident for the northern areas of Alberta in the boreal forest ecoprovince. The magnitude of ground warming is equal to the magnitude of surface air warming in southern Alberta in the grassland and aspen parkland ecoprovinces. The analysis of the temperature depth response to the surface warming from well data shows the integrated effect of surface air warming together with the increases in ground temperature due to natural terrain effects and other anthropogenical changes to the surface of the earth.  相似文献   

Seismic hazard of Egypt   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. El-Sayed  R. Wahlströ;m  O. Kulhánek 《Natural Hazards》1994,10(3):247-259

Earthquake hazard parameters such as maximum expected magnitude,M _max, annual activity rate,, andb value of the Gutenberg-Richter relation have been evaluated for two regions of Egypt. The applied maximum likelihood method permits the combination of both historical and instrumental data. The catalogue used covers earthquakes with magnitude 3 from the time interval 320–1987. The uncertainties in magnitude estimates and threshold of completeness were taken into account. The hazard parameter determination is performed for two study areas. The first area, Gulf of Suez, has higher seismicity level than the second, all other active zones in Egypt.b-values of 1.2 ± 0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.1 are obtained for the two areas, respectively. The number of annually expected earthquakes with magnitude 3 is much larger in the Gulf of Suez, 39 ± 2 than in the other areas, 6.1 ± 0.5. The maximum expected magnitude is calculated to be 6.5 ± 0.4 for a time span of 209 years for the Gulf of Suez and 6.1 ± 0.3 for a time span of 1667 years for the remaining active areas in Egypt. Respective periods of 10 and 20 years were reported for earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 for the two subareas.  相似文献