1990—2021年东太湖网围养殖规模变化下的水质变化特征及成因分析     

李一凡  谷孝鸿  曾庆飞  贾冰婵  訾鑫源  陈辉辉  毛志刚  葛优 《湖泊科学》2023,35(1):155-167

2019年,东太湖30 km2养殖网围实现清零,结束了长达34年的太湖网围养殖历史。系统整理东太湖30年来(1990 2021年)水体氮、磷等营养盐浓度监测资料,对比分析14个监测点位水质在不同网围利用和整治时期的时空差异性及影响因素,判识网围拆除后水体营养盐变化趋势及存在问题对东太湖生态修复与保护具有重要意义。结果表明,东太湖30年来水体营养盐浓度年际变化随养殖结构(主养鱼到主养蟹)和养殖规模(过度利用到网围整治和拆除)的变化而变化,网围养蟹因其有效的水生植物管控和生态混养相对于主养鱼类水质较优,但水质均随着养殖强度的增大而变差,网围规模缩减对改善水质有正面效应。总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)和叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度分别由1990年的0.53 mg/L、0.014 mg/L、3.58 mg/L和2.90μg/L上升到2021年的1.87 mg/L、0.128 mg/L、5.72 mg/L和28.09μg/L,TN是主要的污染因子。原网围区和湖心区因较高的水生植被覆盖度,TN、TP、磷酸盐、悬浮颗粒物(SS)30年来变化不大,原网围区透...  相似文献   

构建出口水产品技术性贸易壁垒防护体系的探讨——以广东为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

高维新  赵海军 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(2)

国外技术性贸易壁垒(TBT)已成为制约广东水产品出口的最大障碍。根据技术性贸易壁垒的概念和特点,提出针对国外技术性贸易壁垒,构建政府、行业协会和企业三位一体的应对与防护体系,并从制度、政策、人才和经费保证该体系的有效运行,发挥其在预警、示范和保护等方面的功能。  相似文献   

Response of early Ruppia cirrhosa litter breakdown to nutrient addition in a coastal lagoon affected by agricultural runoff     

Margarita Menndez 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,82(4):608-614

The response of early Ruppia cirrhosa Petagna (Grande) litter decomposition to external nitrogen and phosphorus availability in La Tancada (Ebro River, NE Spain), a coastal lagoon that receives agricultural freshwater runoff from rice fields has been examined. Recently abscised dead R. cirrhosa stems were collected and 25 g of fresh weight was placed in litter bags with a mesh size of 100 μm and 1 mm. These bags were fertilised by adding nitrogen (N), a mixture of nitrogen plus phosphorus (N + P), or phosphorus (P), or were left untreated (CT). Macroinvertebrates were retrieved from the bags and the ash-free dry weight, and carbon, and N and P content of the remaining plant material were measured after 0, 3, 7, 14, 22 and 32 days. Litter decomposition rates, k (day⁻¹), were estimated using a simple exponential model. Litter decay was clearly accelerated by the addition of P in the fine (100 μm) litter bags (0.042), but when N was added alone (0.0099) the decomposition rate was lower than in the CT treatments (0.022). No significant difference was observed between the N (0.0099–0.018) and N + P (0.0091–0.015) treatments in either the fine or the coarse (1 mm) litter bags. These results could be attributed to the relatively high availability of external (environmental) and internal (detritus contents) N. No significant effect of macro invertebrates was observed in the CT treatment or under N or P or N + P addition. The ratio between the decomposition rates in coarse and fine litter bags (k_c/k_f) was lower in disturbed Tancada lagoon (0.82) than in Cesine lagoon (2.11), a similar Mediterranean coastal water body with almost pristine conditions. These results indicate that, in addition to data on macroinvertebrate community structure, decomposition rates could also be used to assess water quality in coastal lagoons.  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water,mussels (Brachidontes sp., Tagelus sp.) and fish (Odontesthes sp.) from Bahía Blanca Estuary,Argentina     

Andres H. Arias  Carla V. Spetter  Rubén H. Freije  Jorge E. Marcovecchio 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of the major groups of anthropogenic environmental pollutants, were firstly identified and measured in coastal waters, native mussels and fish of an industrialized South American estuary.  相似文献   

发光细菌法检测水产品中氯霉素体系的建立   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王亚群  王静雪  林洪  朱兰兰  王高燕 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,39(1)

从青岛近海分离的多株发光细菌中筛选出1株对氯霉素敏感的鳆发光杆菌Photobacterium leiognathi YL,接种单菌落快速培养,制备出适宜检测的菌悬液,添加不同浓度的氯霉素溶液,研究氯霉素浓度与细菌发光强度抑制率之间的关系.通过控制菌体起始发光强度、菌液与氯霉素作用时间,建立发光细菌检测水产品中氯霉素体系.结果表明,当菌体的起始发光强度控制在(2.0～4.0)×105、菌液与氯霉素的最佳作用时间为30 min时,氯霉素浓度与细菌发光强度抑制率呈良好的线性关系.该方法的线性范围为0.1～1.0 ng/mL,相关系数R2为0.989,该体系对氯霉素的检测灵敏度可以达到0.1 ng/mL,可以作为水产品中痕量氯霉素残留的1种快速、灵敏的检测方法.在水产品的氯霉素加标回收试验中,鱼肉中添加浓度为0.1～1.0 ng/g时,回收率在40.34%～114.26%之间.  相似文献   

近海水域病原菌多样性研究进展     

赖迎迢  王颖  石存斌  吴淑勤 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(4)

水产动物病原菌广泛分布于近海,不但影响海水养殖业的发展、海产品的质量安全,甚至还威胁到人类公众健康,因此,开展近海水域病原菌多样性的研究,对于海水养殖业的可持续发展及人类健康都具有重要意义。文章综述了近海水域水产动物病原菌多样性研究主要方法的原理、特点以及局限性,介绍了16S rRNA序列分析、分子杂交、指纹图谱等分子生物学技术,阐述了实时荧光定量PCR、竞争定量PCR等定量研究技术的应用,展望了病原菌多样性研究的发展趋势是原位、快速、高通量、灵敏、多技术联合和准确定量。  相似文献   

组合型浮床生态系统的构建及其改善湖泊水源地水质的效果   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

李先宁  宋海亮  朱光灿  李大成  吕锡武 《湖泊科学》2007,19(4):367-372

研究开发了一种由水生植物、水生动物及微生物膜构建的组合型浮床生态系统.在野外条件下,考察了该浮床对富营养化湖泊水在静态条件下的净化效果.结果表明,20 d内TN、TP的去除率分别为83.7%和90.7%,透明度也有大幅提高.而且,组合型浮床系统对有机物尤其是难降解有机物的去除能力较强,在25 d内,对r-BHC、HE、DDE、DDD、DDT的去除率分别为25.2%、63.8%、42.1%、71.6%和27.6%,氯苯、阿特拉津的去除率达55.9%和72.1%.水生动物的代谢活动提高了有机物的生物可降解性和氮磷的植物可利用性.该新型浮床可用于水源地水质改善、污水净化生态工程、富营养水体的生态恢复等.  相似文献   

厦门筼筜湖水产生物体内重金属含量及评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

阮金山 《海洋通报》2006,25(5):84-89,96

根据2001年7月厦门筼筜湖的水生生态环境调查资料,着重分析了筼筜湖鱼类、虾类、蟹类体内重金属的含量分布。结果表明:筼筜湖内的蟹类体内Cu,Pb,Cd和Zn的含量明显高于虾类和鱼类。文中还根据我国《食品中铜、铅、镉、锌限量卫生标准》,对15种水产生物体内的重金属污染程度进行评价,结果筼筜湖的鱼类和虾类体内的重金属含量基本未超标,但蟹类体内的Pb,Cd含量已超标。  相似文献   

云南洱海水生植被     

李恒  尚榆民 《山地学报》1989,(3)

洱海是云贵高原上第二大湖泊。其周长117公里,平均深度10.5米,最深 20.5米。湖内共有40种植物,其中18种为沉水植物。植物区系以眼子菜科植物为主(计8种),是洱海多数群落的优势种;云贵高原湖泊植物区系的特征成分海菜花在洱海占有重要地位。洱海植被由12个群落组成,其中1个挺水植物群落,1个浮叶植物群落,10个沉水植物群落。  相似文献   

Carbon dioxide dynamics in rivers and coastal waters of the “big island” of Hawaii,USA, during baseline and heavy rain conditions     

François S. Paquay  Fred T. Mackenzie  Alberto V. Borges 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2007,13(1):1-18

The distributions of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂) and total alkalinity (TA) were examined for a 6-month period in the Wailuku and Wailoa rivers and coastal waters of Hilo Bay on the west coast of the Island of Hawaii, USA. Main results for the largest and turbulent Wailuku River show in the watershed an oversaturation in CO₂ with respect to atmospheric equilibrium and a CO₂ undersaturation in the estuary. In the Wailoa river-estuary system, extremely high pCO₂ values ranging from 1500 to 10500 ppm were measured with significant shifts in pCO₂ from drought to flood period. In the two rivers, water residence time, groundwater inputs and occasional flood events are the predominant drivers of the spatial and temporal patterns in the distribution of pCO₂. In Hilo Bay, CO₂ oversaturation dominates and the bay was a source of CO₂ to the atmosphere during the study period. TA is conservative along the salinity gradient, indicating calcification in the bay is not a significant source of CO₂ to the atmosphere.  相似文献