Roughness scale dependence of the relationship between tracer longitudinal dispersion and Peclet number in variable‐aperture fractures          下载免费PDF全文

Zhi Dou  Zhifang Zhou  Jinguo Wang  Yong Huang 《水文研究》2018,32(10):1461-1475

The relationship between the longitudinal dispersion (D_L) and Peclet number (Pe) is crucial for predicting and simulating tracer through the variable‐aperture fracture. In this study, the roughness of the self‐affine fracture wall was decomposed into primary roughness (relatively large‐scale waviness) and secondary roughness (relatively small‐scale waviness) by a multiscaled wavelet analysis technique. Based on the complete dispersion mechanism (diffusion, macrodispersion, and Taylor dispersion) in the variable‐aperture fracture, three relationships (second‐order, power‐law, and linear relationships) between the D_L and Pe were investigated at large and small scales, respectively. Our results showed that the primary roughness mostly controlled the Taylor dispersion mechanism, whereas the secondary roughness was a dominant factor for the macrodispersion mechanism. Increasing the Hurst exponent and removing the secondary roughness led to the decreasing range of Pe where macrodispersion mechanism dominated the solute transport. It was found that estimating the D_L from the power‐law relationship based on Taylor dispersion theory resulted in considerable errors, even in the range of Pe where the Taylor dispersion mechanism dominated. The exponent of the power‐law relationship increased as the secondary roughness was removed. Analysing the linear relationship between the D_L and Pe revealed that the longitudinal dispersivity α_L increased linearly. However, this linear increase became weak as the Taylor dispersion mechanism dominated. In the range of Pe where the macrodispersion mechanism dominated, increasing the Hurst exponent caused the increase of α_L and the secondary roughness played a significant role in enhancing the α_L. As the Taylor dispersion mechanism dominated, the α_L was insensitive to the influence of multiscale roughness in variable‐aperture fractures.  相似文献   

关于Boussinesq型水波方程理论和应用研究的综述     

孙家文  房克照  刘忠波  范浩煦  孙昭晨  王平 《海洋学报》2020,42(5):1-11

Boussinesq型方程是研究水波传播与演化问题的重要工具之一,本文就1967-2018年常用的Boussinesq型水波方程从理论推导和数值应用两个方面进行了回顾,以期推动该类方程在海岸(海洋)工程波浪水动力方向的深入研究和应用。此类方程推导主要从欧拉方程或Laplace方程出发。在一定的非线性和缓坡假设等条件下,国内外学者建立了多个Boussinesq型水波方程,并以Stokes波的相关理论为依据,考察了这些方程在相速度、群速度、线性变浅梯度、二阶非线性、三阶非线性、波幅离散、速度沿水深分布以及和(差)频等多方面性能的精度。将Boussinesq型水波方程分为水平二维和三维两大类,并对主要Boussinesq型水波方程的特性进行了评述。进而又对适合渗透地形和存在流体分层情况下的Boussinesq型水波方程进行了简述与评论。最后对这些方程的应用进行了总结与分析。  相似文献   

利用热带太平洋TAO浮标阵列评估全球高分辨率浪-潮-流耦合模式同化结果   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

史军强  尹训强  舒启  肖斌  乔方利 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(3):8-20

In order to evaluate the assimilation results from a global high resolution ocean model, the buoy observations from tropical atmosphere ocean(TAO) during August 2014 to July 2015 are employed. The horizontal resolution of wave-tide-circulation coupled ocean model developed by The First Institute of Oceanography(FIOCOM model) is 0.1°×0.1°, and ensemble adjustment Kalman filter is used to assimilate the sea surface temperature(SST), sea level anomaly(SLA) and Argo temperature/salinity profiles. The simulation results with and without data assimilation are examined. First, the overall statistic errors of model results are analyzed. The scatter diagrams of model simulations versus observations and corresponding error probability density distribution show that the errors of all the observed variables, including the temperature, isotherm depth of 20°C(D20), salinity and two horizontal component of velocity are reduced to some extent with a maximum improvement of 54% after assimilation. Second, time-averaged variables are used to investigate the horizontal and vertical structures of the model results. Owing to the data assimilation, the biases of the time-averaged distribution are reduced more than70% for the temperature and D20 especially in the eastern Pacific. The obvious improvement of D20 which represents the upper mixed layer depth indicates that the structure of the temperature after the data assimilation becomes more close to the reality and the vertical structure of the upper ocean becomes more reasonable. At last,the physical processes of time series are compared with observations. The time evolution processes of all variables after the data assimilation are more consistent with the observations. The temperature bias and RMSE of D20 are reduced by 76% and 56% respectively with the data assimilation. More events during this period are also reproduced after the data assimilation. Under the condition of strong 2014/2016 El Ni?o, the Equatorial Undercurrent(EUC) from the TAO is gradually increased during August to November in 2014, and followed by a decreasing process. Since the improvement of the structure in the upper ocean, these events of the EUC can be clearly found in the assimilation results. In conclusion, the data assimilation in this global high resolution model has successfully reduced the model biases and improved the structures of the upper ocean, and the physical processes in reality can be well produced.  相似文献   

Sound speed dispersion characteristics of three types of shallow sediments in the southern yellow sea     

Guangming Kan  Baohua Liu  Xiangmei Meng  Guanbao Li  Qingfeng Hua 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(7):853-860

To accurately characterize sound speed dispersion of shallow sediments in the Southern Yellow Sea, three types of sediments, i.e., silt, clayey silt, and silty clay, were selected to measure the sound speeds at 25–250?kHz. Over the frequency range, the sound speeds vary approximately from 1,536 to 1,565?m?s^?1 in silt sediment, from 1,511 to 1,527?m?s^?1 in clayey silt sediment, and from 1,456 to 1,466?m?s^?1 in silty clay sediment. The sound speed exhibits a slow increase with frequency in a nearly linear gradient, but these three types of sediments have different sound speed dispersion characteristics. The silt sediment with relatively coarse grains has the most significant sound speed dispersion, while the sound speed dispersions of the two others are relatively weak. Comparison between the measured dispersions and the model predictions shows that the grain-shearing model can match the measured data at most of frequencies. Nevertheless, when the grain bulk modulus was assigned 3.2?×?10¹⁰?Pa according to relevant references, the Biot–Stoll model predictions were higher than the measured values at high frequencies; when it was assigned a relatively small value of 2.8?×?10¹⁰?Pa, the model predictions achieved optimal matching with the measured values.  相似文献   

CINRAD／SA雷达发射机调制器故障的分析处理     

胡东明  郭在华  程元慧  吴少峰  张东  刘强  黎德波 《成都信息工程学院学报》2010,25(2):138-141

CINRAD／SA雷达具有性能监控和自动标校系统,通过其报警信息,查找相应的性能参数和适配数据,借助基本的测试仪表,能实现故障模块的隔离和定位;具体到片级的检修,则需要从主功能电路、控制功能电路和故障检测功能电路等电原理图人手,逐级分析检测,完成故障的修复。总结了2008年5月31日发射机充电故障的详细处理过程,故障分析结果是高压打火造成几个功能电路的反相缓冲芯片烧坏,所以有必要改进高压线路并加强维护。  相似文献   

世界城市的人口分布格局研究——以纽约、东京、伦敦为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陆军  宋吉涛  汪文姝 《世界地理研究》2010,19(1):28-35,56

本文采用最新的官方数据,分别研究了纽约、东京和伦敦三个世界城市人口分布及其演变的一般特征和规律,得出世界城市人口城市化的总体规律,认为:核心区出现逆城市化的时间均相对较早,且相对其他区域而言,核心区人口变动的剧烈程度更加明显;市域范围内核心外围式空间结构形态已被打破,进入多元化时代;进入信息化时期,中心城区人口密度通常保持在一定的上限之内,打破该极限,则此范围内的人口将仍然出现较高的不稳定性。  相似文献   

Born序列频散方程和Born-Kirchhoff传播算子   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

符力耘 《地球物理学报》2010,53(2):370-384

传统的Kirchhoff传播算子结构简洁,适用于描述横向均匀介质中波的传播.Ray-Kirchhoff传播算子较为精确地描述了波在非均匀介质中传播的运动学特征,其理论上的先天不足依赖于介质的复杂性.本文通过Born序列逼近波在非均匀介质中传播的大角度波分量,提出一种Born-Kirchhoff传播算子,将传统Kirchhoff传播算子的适用范围扩展至非均匀介质,同时描述波的运动学和动力学特征,其精度取决于Born序列逼近的阶数.利用Born序列频散方程,可以精确分析各阶Born-Kirchhoff传播算子对波长、传播角和非均质性的尺度依赖特征,其中,一阶Born-Kirchhoff传播算子的精度高于传统的相屏传播算子.波数域的Born-Kirchhoff传播算子对于高波数波是奇异的,导致波数域数值计算发散,但其空间域版本是非奇异的,无条件数值稳定,可通过Kirchhoff求和数值实施.本文给出各阶Born-Kirchhoff传播算子及其频散方程,可用于不同程度非均匀介质中的波传播模拟,复杂构造地震成像和速度估计.本文利用零阶和一阶Born-Kirchhoff传播算子计算简单二维模型的合成地震图,并与边界元法进行了比较.  相似文献   

饱和储层砂岩中流体粘度引起的超声波速度频散实验研究(英文)   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

何涛  邹长春  裴发根  任科英  孔繁达  史謌 《应用地球物理》2010,7(2):114-126

在实验室对5块储层砂岩进行了模拟地层压力条件下的超声波速度测试。砂岩样品采自WXS凹陷的W地层,覆盖了从低到高的孔隙度和渗透率范围。实验选用了卤水和4种不同密度油作为孔隙流体,结合温度变化,实现了对流体粘度引致的速度频散研究。对实验结果的分析表明:(1)对于高孔隙度和渗透率的样品,无论是哪种流体饱和,观察到的超声波速度测试值和零频率Gassmann预测值的差异较小(约2-3%),基本上可以用Biot模型解释;对于中等孔隙度和渗透率的样品,低粘度流体(<约3mP?S)的频散效应也可以用Biot模型得到合理解释;(2)对于低、中孔隙度和渗透率样品,当流体粘度增加时,喷射流机制起主导作用,导致严重的速度频散(可达8%)。对储层砂岩的微裂隙纵横比进行了估计并用于喷射流特征频率的计算,当高于该特征频率时,Gassmann理论的假设条件受到破坏,实验室测得的高频速度不能直接用于地震低频条件下的W地层砂岩的Gassmann流体替换研究。  相似文献   

改进的神经网络反演微动面波频散曲线     

周晓华  林君  陈祖斌  焦健  郭同健 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(3):900-906

通过分析微动探查方法和改进神经网络迭代反演算法,提出采用改进的神经网络迭代反演微动面波频散曲线。该方法在网络训练学习阶段通过批处理学习和优化网络结构提高网络学习速度;在迭代反演阶段通过v_R/λ_R-f曲线极值点的变化来调整输入模型以减少迭代反演次数;最后设计反演方案,并对6层介质模型进行频散曲线的网络训练和迭代反演,验证了方法的有效性。对比分析结果表明：该方法明显减少了迭代反演次数,提高了收敛速度,而且具有良好的抗干扰能力。  相似文献   

软夹层介质瑞利波合并化频散曲线模拟分析     

杨天春  冯建新  吴燕清 《煤田地质与勘探》2011,39(2):61-65

针对含有软夹层介质的地质模型,研究其瑞利波合并化频散曲线随夹层厚度和埋深的变化规律,分析产生“之”字形现象的根本原因。利用传递矩阵方法计算瑞利波多模式频散曲线,以及它们在自由表面的垂直位移强度,分别按能量最大法和相对位移权值法获得合并化的频散曲线,从而获得软夹层厚度或埋深变化的合并化频散曲线。由计算结果分析可知,两种方法所获得的频散曲线的整体变化规律基本相同,“之”字形随软弱夹层厚度的增加或埋深的变浅而增多;按能量最大法合成的频散曲线,“之”字形现象的出现是由于模式之间的跳跃所引起;按位移权值法计算合成频散曲线时,产生“之”形的原因是由于从单个模式的位移占优跳至多模式的位移共同占优所致。   相似文献