δCa evolution in a carbonate aquifer and its bearing on the equilibrium isotope fractionation factor for calcite     

Andrew D. Jacobson  Chris Holmden 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,270(3-4):349-353

To improve understanding of Ca isotope transport during water-rock interaction on the continents, we measured dissolved δ⁴⁴Ca values along a 236 km flow path in the Madison aquifer, South Dakota, where fluids have chemically evolved according to dolomite and anhydrite dissolution, calcite precipitation, and Ca-for-Na ion-exchange over a timescale spanning ~ 15 kyr. We used a reactive transport model employing rate data constrained from major ion mass-balances to evaluate the extent to which calcite precipitation and ion-exchange fractionate Ca isotopes. Elevated δ⁴⁴Ca values during the initial and final stages of water transport possibly result from calcite precipitation under supersaturated conditions and Ca-for-Na ion-exchange, respectively. However, for the bulk of the flow path, δ⁴⁴Ca values evolve by mixing between anhydrite and dolomite dissolution, with no fractionation during calcite precipitation under saturated conditions. We attribute the absence of Ca isotope fractionation to the long timescale of water-rock interaction and slow rate of calcite precipitation, which have enabled fluids to chemically and isotopically equilibrate with calcite. We therefore conclude that the equilibrium Ca isotope fractionation factor between calcite and water (Δ_cal–w) is very close to zero. To the extent that the Madison aquifer typifies other groundwater systems where calcite slowly precipitates from solutions at or near chemical equilibrium, this study suggests that groundwater contributions to δ⁴⁴Ca variability on the continents can be modeled according to simple mixing theory without invoking isotope discrimination.  相似文献   

过氧化钙在处理厌氧底泥中的应用初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张启超  杨鑫  孙淑雲  古小治  陈开宁 《湖泊科学》2015,27(6):1087-1092

为改善河道厌氧底质及内源氮、磷等营养盐释放问题,考察对沉水植被恢复的影响,研发可同步解决沉积物供氧和削减内源氮、磷释放的氧缓释材料.实验通过向沉积物-水界面处散点注射不同剂量的过氧化钙(Ca O2),研究界面处溶解氧的动态变化特征及表层沉积物与底层水体之间溶解态氮、磷的交换过程.结果表明:添加Ca O2显著提高了界面处底层上覆水溶解氧浓度,随着Ca O2浓度的增加溶解氧浓度增加,不同处理组之间具有显著差异;Ca O2对沉积物中PO3-4-P释放具有明显的抑制作用,且随Ca O2浓度的增加抑制效果愈加明显,上覆水中可溶性活性磷浓度最大可削减98%.实验开始时,磷释放速率可降至-241.916±22.501 mg/(m2·d),降幅最高可达到144%;Ca O2对沉积物NH+4-N释放的抑制效果不佳,上覆水中NH+4-N浓度随着时间的变化波动性较大,且有逐渐增大的趋势.另外,添加Ca O2会显著提高底层上覆水p H值,不同处理组之间差异显著,但当Ca O2投加量小于0.529 kg/m2时,不会对苦草种子的萌发生长有显著影响,p H值波动在可接受范围内(7.62~10.87).因此,结合污染沉积物的状况,适当地投加Ca O2有望同步解决底质厌氧、内源磷释放及后期沉水植被定植底质生境改善的问题,可推荐为一种黑臭污染底泥治理技术在实际的河道生态工程中应用,其适宜浓度为0.176 kg/m2左右.  相似文献   

Characterizing infiltration and internal drainage of South African dryland soils          下载免费PDF全文

Sabelo S.W. Mavimbela  Leon D. van Rensburg 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(3):414-425

Surface infiltration and internal drainage properties of five soil types from arid drylands of South Africa were studied under double ring infiltrometer, rainfall simulation plots (1 m²) and instantaneous drainage plots (9 m²). Changes in soil water content during 40 minute rainfall simulation for a rainstorm with average intensity of 1.61 mm min^?1 and 30 day drainage period were measured at various depths by 1.5 m long capacitance soil water measuring (DFM) probe. Different (P < 0.05) mean surface steady infiltration rate ranged from 0.05 to 4.47 mm min^?1 and had a negative power relationship (R ² = 0.65) with horizon clay plus fine silt content. Power regression (R ² ≥ 86%) described rainstorm infiltration and obtained steady rates within an average time of 15 minutes. Mean total infiltrated soil water content was lowest (P < 0.05) from surface horizons with either 47.7% clay plus fine silt content or bulk density of 1.91 g cm^?3 and exchangeable sodium of not less than 44 mg kg^?1. Surface horizons with lower surface bulk density and total sand fraction of more than 72% had infiltrated depth and mean total infiltrated soil water content up to 40 cm deeper and 0.55 mm mm^?1 greater, respectively. Drainage rate at drained upper limit calculated from the Wilcox drainage model (R ² ≤ 0.97%) was 0.2 mm day^?1 or less were from underlying horizons with either clay plus fine silt of 45% or soft calcium carbonate. Higher drainage rate with accumulative drainage amount greater than 60 mm were from soil profile horizons with clay plus fine silt content of less than 20% and above unity steady infiltration rates. Rainstorm infiltration and drainage rates was shown to depend on permeability and coarseness of the respective soil surface and subsurface horizons; a phenomenon critical for harnessing rain and flood water to recharge groundwater. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

四川大行大理石矿性能及其综合利用研究     

陈安清  徐胜林  曹珂 《地质与资源》2006,15(4):290-294

四川大行大理石矿地处扬子古板块西缘磨西韧性剪切带的构造岩片中,矿体出露于下二叠统上段,储量达中型矿床规模.对矿石的物理性能和化学性能的研究认为,该矿矿石品质良好,符合国际标准和行业标准.其综合开发利用主要包括饰面板材、碳酸钙填料、雕塑工艺品和异型石材等,有利于取得资源、经济、环境、社会的综合效益.  相似文献   

Paleoenvironmental records from the northern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GE Qian  CHU Fengyou  XUE Zuo  LIU J Paul  DU Yuansheng  FANG Yinxia 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(3):46-62

Core ZHS-176 contains the paleoenvironmental records from the northern South China Sea (NSCS) since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). A coupled approach based on clay mineral assemblages, planktonic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, and calcium carbonate content is used to trace the sources of the fine-grained sediment and to investigate the paleoenviornmental evolution in this area. Clay mineral assemblages are dominated by illite (average about 39%) and chlorite (about 27%), which comes mainly from Taiwan and the East China Sea. Kaolinite, which accounts for about 13%, comes mainly from the Zhujiang (Pearl) River, and Luzon Island is the main source for smectite (about 21%). The planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopic oscillations during the last glacial period are coeval with climate variations recorded in the Greenland ice core and Western Pacific sediment. These variations include the LGM, Heinrich event 1, Bφlling-Allerφd (B/A), and Younger Dryas. For the Holocene, three periods of strong precipitation (S1-S3) and three periods of weak precipitation (W1-W3) are identified. The oxygen isotopic record exhibits corre-lation with climate records from distant regions, including the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere, providing evidence for global tele-connection among regional climate. A brief, negative planktonic foraminiferal carbon isotopic excursion during B/A reflects increased methane released from marine gas hydrate due to the rapid warming of the water. By comparing calcium carbonate content curves of the core ZHS-176 with these of other five boreholes lying above the lysocline, a remarkable low calcium carbonate event is found during the early Holocene in NSCS.  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定石灰石中的游离氧化钙          下载免费PDF全文

郭敏  薛超群 《盐湖研究》2019,27(3):100-103

利用石灰石中游离氧化钙可与蔗糖结合生成溶解度较大的蔗糖钙,而石灰石中的碳酸钙及其它钙盐不与蔗糖起作用的原理,将其进行分离。再通过对仪器分析条件的研究,建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定石灰石中游离氧化钙的方法。方法的检出限为1.21μg/mL,方法的加标回收率在97.6%～100.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=11)小于1.34%。方法快速简捷,准确度高。  相似文献   

Using recycled calcium sources to solidify sandy soil through microbial induced carbonate precipitation     

Shihua Liang  Juntao Chen  Jiuge Niu  Deluan Feng 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(4):393-399

Abstract

The use of calcium solutions is a cost-limiting factor for bio-cement production from microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). The aim of this article is to analyse the feasibility of using recycled calcium sources to solidify sand, including oyster shells, scallop shells and eggshells, by comparing the physical and mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of solidified sand with different recycled calcium sources and chemical calcium nitrate. The results show that oyster shells have the optimal effect on MICP, with values of permeability, dry density, unconfined compressive strength and calcium carbonate precipitation of 1.12?×?10^?4 m s^?1, 2.09?g cm^?3, 1454.6?kPa and 15.28%, respectively. Strength values of bio-cemented sands made from different recycled calcium sources in this article range from 845.1 to 1454.6?kPa. According to the SEM and XRD analysis, calcium carbonates originating from the above recycled calcium sources precipitate as globular vaterite, whereas the precipitation from calcium nitrate is a cluster mixture of vaterite and calcite. Oyster shells, scallop shells and eggshells derived from kitchen waste, which is more economical and environmentally friendly than calcium nitrate, can be applied as recycled calcium solutions in MICP.  相似文献   

上新世以来南海海水表层温度（SST）的变化     

毕东杰  张道军  翟世奎  刘新宇  修淳  刘晓锋  张爱滨 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(3):78-92

The reconstruction of sea surface temperature(SST) is a key issue in research on paleoceanography. The recently related studies are mainly concentrated on the Quaternary. The skeletons of a typical species of benthonic foraminifer(Amphistegina radiata) in the top 0–375.30 m interval of Well "Xike-1" reef core, Shidao Island, the Xisha Islands, are uniformly selected. The ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations and other indicators are analyzed by an electron microprobe analysis(EMPA) with the purpose of estimating the paleo-SSTs since the Pliocene and further investigating the periodic change law of paleoclimate in the South China Sea(SCS).Meanwhile, the geologic significance of paleoclimatic events in the SCS is discussed with global perspectives. The results indicate that the paleo-SSTs reconstructed by the ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations in the SCS show a general periodic trend of "high–low–high–low" in values changes since the Pliocene. By comparison,the fluctuations of reconstructed paleo-SSTs are much stronger in the Quaternary. Moreover, the variations of the ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations in the A. radiata skeletons have recorded a series of major paleoclimatic events since the Pliocene, of which the Quaternary glaciation events and the Arctic ice cap forming events during the late Pliocene are more significant. Thus, using the changes of the ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations in the A. radiata skeletons from Well "Xike-1" reef core to reflect the relative changes of paleo-SSTs is a relatively feasible and reliable way in the SCS, which is also proved by the correlation of drilling cores characteristics in this area.  相似文献   

2016年夏季胶州湾表层海水pCO_2的分布及控制机制     

李云霄  刘翔宇  薛亮  杨旭锋  韩萍  张龙军 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,(4):82-90

根据胶州湾2016年夏季6月末和7月初两个航次调查得到的碳酸盐数据和相关水文参数,探讨了两个航次下表层海水pCO_2分布的主要控制机制。结果表明:6月末表层海水pCO_2处于478～1 043μatm之间。其中在湾东北海域,处理后污水DIC直接输入和好氧呼吸使得DIC明显盈余,这是造成这一区域pCO_2最高的主要原因。而在湾西部和湾中海域,初级生产和碳酸钙沉淀引起DIC明显亏损,但由于碳酸钙沉淀释放CO_2强于初级生产消耗,该区域pCO_2最低仍高达500μatm左右,表现为CO_2的源。而到了7月初,降雨过程发生后,湾内初级生产显著增强,pCO_2下降至298～570μatm。但由于同时伴随的碳酸钙沉淀释放CO_2,使得CO_2的汇区主要出现在DO%大于140%的李村河口和湾西部部分区域。7月初初级生产的显著增强可能与湿沉降带来的营养盐输入有关。  相似文献   

Calcium Isotope Constraints on Global Carbon Cycle Dynamics during the End-Permian Mass Extinction     

Jonathan L. PAYNE  Juan Carlos SILVA TAMAYO  Katharine MAHER  Jessica L. HINOJOSA  Adam B.JOST  Alexandra V. TURCHYN  Shaun T. BROWN  CHEN Jun  Adina PAYTAN  SHEN Shu-zhong  Donald J. DEPAOLO  Anton EISENHAUER  Daniel J. LEHRMANN  Demir ALTINER  YU Meiyi 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):902-902

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