Correlating specific conductivity with total hardness in gypsum karst waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wiesława Ewa Krawczyk  Derek C. Ford 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(4):612-620

Modern digital conductivity meters are readily portable, robust, cheap, and give precisely reproducible values of specific electrical conductivity (SpC, in µS cm^?1). Here we investigate the accuracy of their estimates of the amounts of gypsum dissolved in waters collected in gypsum karst terrains, expressed as total hardness (TH) in mg L^?1 of CaSO₄·2H₂O (GYP). Total dissolved solid concentrations (TDS) are also considered. Curves obtained with the program PHREEQC, for the dissolution of pure gypsum in water at 25 C, are compared with 574 comprehensive water chemical analyses selected from gypsum karst studies in Europe and the Americas. Principal common and foreign ions encountered are the BNC group (bicarbonates, nitrates, chlorides). It is found that GYP = 1·12^·SpC + 62 where BNC < 33% (Cl^? < 5%), with one standard error <5% for waters with SpC > 2400 µS cm^?1; GYP = 0·74^·SpC + 777 where BNC < 33% (5% ≤ Cl^? < 15%), with one standard error <10% for waters with SpC > 3100 µS cm^?1; GYP = 0·97^·SpC ? 209 where BNC < 33% and Cl^? ≥ 15%, with one standard error <10% for samples with SpC > 4300 µS cm^?1. There are similar results for the more complex waters found in gypsum karsts where much carbonate rock or salt is also present, to the limit of BNC < 50% for what may reasonably be defined as ‘gypsum waters’. Values of R² for linear correlations of different subsets of the water samples range from 0·69 to 0·96, the majority being >0·8. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Geotechnical evaluation of Miocene gypsum from Sivas (Turkey)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ergun Karacan  Işik Yilmaz 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2000,18(2):79-90

Gypsum is widely distributed in Sivas (Turkey), occurring chiefly in the formations of Miocene age. The gypsum is generally of the alabastrine type with a little of the porphiroblast type and contains traces of clay minerals, anhydrite and calcite. It is a moderately strong rock in terms of its unconfined compressive strength which is related to the crystal size. Strength increases as the crystal size decreases. The strength of gypsum was reduced by approximately 55%, when the samples were kept in the water for 20 days. Most samples exhibit plastic–elastic–plastic deformation. The gypsum has a high modulus ratio, and is a moderately deformable rock. High lateral deformations and low vertical deformations are observed under the vertical stress conditions in accordance with the relationship between modulus ratio and strain.  相似文献   

库车坳陷第三系盐膏质盖层特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用   总被引：57，自引：7，他引：50       下载免费PDF全文

周兴熙 《古地理学报》2000,2(4):51-57

库车坳陷的第三系盐膏质区域盖层具有厚度大、分布广、岩性致密、突破压力高、地层压力也很高的特点,属于封闭性特别强的区域盖层;在坳陷的成藏系统中,起着应变分隔带、流体压力屏障、油气成藏机制分界线的作用;在其上下出现了两种成藏模式-克拉苏模式和大宛齐模式。这套盖层是坳陷油气富集的最重要条件之一,也是我国最优良气田-克拉2大气田形成的最重要条件之一。在其下还会有更多的克拉2型的气田存在。  相似文献   

南海天然气水合物钻孔自生黄铁矿硫同位素特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陆红锋  刘坚  吴庐山  陈芳  廖志良 《地学前缘》2015,22(2):200-206

南海神狐海域天然气水合物钻探岩心含有大量自生黄铁矿,主要为长条状、短柱状。黄铁矿主要出现在沉积物浅部和含水合物层,含量主要为20%~90%。SH5C岩心(不含水合物)的黄铁矿硫同位素δ34SV-CDT变化范围为-40.488‰~-19.538‰,SH7B岩心(含水合物)的黄铁矿δ34SV-CDT为-38.922‰~37.660‰。尤其在水合物层的黄铁矿硫同位素组成偏重,δ34SV-CDT在22‰~27‰,这是水合物盖层形成的封闭体系和AOM持续发生共同作用的结果,可能是水合物层中独特的硫同位素特征。  相似文献   

最优尺度回归在储层孔隙度主控因素分析中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

马鹏杰  佟昕  张世奇  慕小水 《沉积与特提斯地质》2015,35(3):68-74

本文以实测物性、粒度分析及铸体薄片鉴定为基础,结合对东濮凹陷濮卫地区沙二-沙四段储层孔隙度影响因素的分析,利用最优尺度回归方法,定量分析了储层孔隙度的主控因素。研究表明,最优尺度回归可以简便快捷地定量分析多因素对孔隙度的重要程度。分析结果显示各类影响因素重要性排序为:含油级别、层位、胶结物含量、储层与膏盐岩位置关系、压实减孔率及分选系数。成岩作用早期,分选性决定了储层的初始孔隙,压实作用是孔隙度减小的最主要的原因;成岩作用中后期,烃类充注是储层孔隙度得以保存的最主要的原因。  相似文献   

酸化水与方解石石膏反应的模拟计算研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈振  吉龙江  徐显义  王学民 《山东国土资源》2014,30(8)

利用水文地球化学模拟软件PHREEQIC对酸化水与方解石、石膏的反应进行了初步的模拟研究,从而了解不同酸度条件下的溶浸液对可溶矿物的溶蚀效果,对试验效果进行理论预测研究,提出了适合室内试验的溶浸液配方。  相似文献   

浙江西部建德群锆石LA ICP MS之U Pb同位素年龄及其地层学意义          下载免费PDF全文

李祥辉  陈斯盾  罗家洪  王尹  曹珂  刘玲 《地质论评》2011,57(6):810-824

为进一步认识华南埃迪卡拉纪(震旦纪)海水硫化条件的演变过程,本文对斜坡相沉积的陡山沱组中的黄铁矿进行形态与粒度分布研究。结果表明陡山沱期沉积的多数黄铁矿是早期成岩作用形成,以自形、半自形晶体为主;个别层位中草莓状黄铁矿粒径大于10μm的比例较高（89%~96%）,反映是在海水、沉积物界面以下生长的,不能充分指示水体硫化状态。但在陡山沱组中部和上部发育有数层从水体中析出的同沉积草莓状黄铁矿（96%以上的莓球粒径小于10μm）,反映出海水硫化条件发育。黄铁矿铁与高活性铁的比值（FePY/FeHR）作为判别海洋硫化状态的重要指标,可能会因次生黄铁矿的叠加效应影响而产生偏差,应结合黄铁矿矿物形态—粒度分析和其他手段加以校正。通过这2种方法并结合碳、硫同位素等研究表明,陡山沱组沉积旋回Ⅰ顶部和旋回Ⅲ底部沉积期间华南古海洋曾经历了两幕规模较大的间歇性硫化时期,在此期间硫化水体的覆盖范围至少包括陆架至斜坡中部相区。硫化水体的形成和时空演变主要受大气含氧量、海水硫酸盐浓度、细菌硫酸盐活动（BSR）及海平面变化等因素控制。重要的生物类群主要出现在非硫化间隔期,表明海水硫化条件是限制生物发展的重要环境因素之一。  相似文献   

莎车盆地蒸发岩及盐矿物特征初探     

曹养同  焦鹏程  宣之强  刘成林  赵宪福  高超 《化工矿产地质》2011,33(3):137-142

莎车盆地喀什皮拉里剖面岩矿扫描电镜及能谱仪分析表明,大量石膏岩中含有石盐、钙芒硝、杂卤石、天青石、白云石及钾镁硫酸盐组合,说明盆地已达到钾镁盐化学沉积阶段,是成钾找钾重要线索,值得研究关注.  相似文献   

Development of Sulfuric Acid Speleogenetic Deposits within Cavernous Middle Eocene Beds: Inference on Hydrocarbon Gas Seepages,Giza Pyramids Plateau,Egypt     

Hanan S. BADAWY 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(3):946-961

Development of sulfuric acid speleogenetic mineral deposits within cavernous middle Eocene beds of the Pyramids plateau is linked to hydrocarbon gas seepages. The work carried out field observations, binocular, polarizing, scanning and transmitted electron microscopy investigation, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analyses. The morphological and petrographic features and chemical composition of the studied mineral deposits reveal a hypogene sulfuric acid speleogenesis. A model comprised of the following stages can be used to explain the presence of these features. (1) Ascent of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas associated with hydrocarbon seepages from the Cretaceous reservoirs under reducing conditions followed by oxidation to sulfuric acid (H2SO4), (2) descent of carbonic acid (H2CO3)-rich solution generated from surface sources, (3) reaction of H2SO4 and H2CO3 with the calcareous and argillaceous host rocks, (4) formation of H2SO4 speleogenetic by-products represented by natroalunite, aluminium-phosphate-sulfate, hydrated halloysite and Fe/Mn oxides within the replacive gypsum, and (5) subsequent stresses due to the formation of nearby stratiform cavities gave rise to the development of fractures/veinlets filled with displacive fibrous satinspar gypsum. The study sets the paleokarst features of the Giza Pyramids plateau within a hypogene sulfuric acid karst system developed by the action of groundwater containing H2S, H2SO4 and H2CO3.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地膏质白云岩有利储层的成因及演化     

何明倩  黄文辉  久博 《地学前缘》2021,28(4):327-336

膏质白云岩是鄂尔多斯盆地中东部下古生界马家沟组M5₁最有利储层,影响膏质白云岩储层性质的最大因素在于溶蚀作用。本文在已有的研究基础上,应用岩心资料及阴极发光、地球化学等方法,测定M5₁膏质白云岩及其特殊的示底构造的化学成分,并分析其成因模式。岩心、薄片以及物性资料显示:石膏溶蚀形成的大量膏模孔及伴生的次生孔是储层的主要储集空间,示底构造规模性出现于膏质云岩中。阴极发光、常微量元素分析结果显示:示底构造上部充填埋藏期方解石;下部充填碎屑白云石,与示底构造外围的准同生期泥-粉晶白云石具有相近的地球化学特征,与深部埋藏期形成的细-中晶白云石差异明显。示底构造的演化是膏质白云岩有利储层形成的重要依据,本文依据化学离子平衡原理,对不同成岩阶段发生的溶蚀作用、填充作用进行离子间相互置换的重演,分析得知不稳定的化学组成是石膏易被溶蚀的内在原因,石膏的规模性溶蚀是膏质云岩有利储层形成的关键。  相似文献