成都市近地表大气尘的矿物学特征及其环境指示意义   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

施泽明  倪师军  张成江 《矿物岩石》2006,26(2):117-120

通过对成都市近地表大气尘X射线衍射、电镜扫描分析等研究显示:其主要由石英、长石、伊利石、绿泥石、方解石、石膏等矿物组成;就其形状看有致密的不规则粒状、片状单矿物、不规则粒状聚合体、浑圆形球状飘珠、聚合体放大观察可见片状的粘土矿物和细小的粒状单矿物,偶见藻类;矿物形貌特征及矿物组成空间分布特征的研究显示:球形状飘珠及伊利石、绿泥石、石膏的空间分布特征与工业布局和表层土壤的pH值密切相关,成都市近地表大气尘主要为地表扬尘和工业烟尘的混合物;与土壤的矿物组成比较可见,近地表大气尘重金属污染除土壤贡献外,还有其他污染贡献;石膏在本次研究中平均含量高达8.2%,推测可能成为成都市往年燃煤量大而无明显酸雨现象的原因之一。  相似文献   

Lower Jurassic mud volcanoes and methane, Kilve, Somerset, UK     

G.D. Price  N. Vowles-Sheridan  M.W. Anderson 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2008,119(2):193-201

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酸碱滴定法测定天然石膏中碳酸盐的不确定度评定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陆丽君  蔡玉曼  侯鹏飞 《岩矿测试》2008,27(3):211-214

对酸碱滴定法测定天然石膏中碳酸盐的结果进行不确定度评定。测量过程中的不确定度主要来源于样品制备过程引入的不确定度、滴定导致的不确定度、标定NaOH标准滴定溶液和HCl标准溶液引起的不确定度及重复性实验引起的不确定度等。合成各不确定度分量,并乘以扩展因子2得到扩展不确定度。对于CO₂平均含量为8.66%（质量分数）的天然石膏样品,其扩展不确定度为0.17%。  相似文献   

平邑石膏矿坍塌事故救援成功后的几点思考          下载免费PDF全文

李亮 《探矿工程》2016,43(10):281-286

2015年12月25日,平邑某石膏矿发生垮塌事故,多人被埋井下。救援人员经过共同努力,将被困井下36天的4名幸存矿工成功救出,创造了中国矿山救援史上第一个通过地面打孔救援的案例。针对该案例,对矿山事故救援、矿山地质灾害预防及治理、地面钻进大口径钻孔应急救援技术等相关问题进行了思考。  相似文献   

Evaluation of 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of Authigenic Illites in Determining Hydrocarbon Charge Timing: A Case Study from the Silurian Bituminous Sandstone Reservoirs,Tarim Basin,China     

ZHANG Youyu  LIU Keyu  and LUO Xiuquan 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(2):684-703

The Silurian bituminous sandstones(SBS) in the Tarim Basin, China are important basinwide reservoirs with an estimated area of approximately 249000 km2. We investigated the ages of authigenic illites in the SBS reservoirs and constrained their formation timing by using the ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar step wise heating method. The age spectra, ~(39)Ar recoil loss and their controlling factors were investigated systematically. The ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar ages were compared with the conventional K/Ar ages of identical clay fractions. The clay in the SBS reservoirs is dominated by orderly mixed-layer illite/smectite(I/S) with 5%–30% smectite layers. The I/S minerals morphology comprises primarily honeycomb, short filamentous and curved-lath particles, characteristic of authigenic illites. The unencapsulated ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar total gas ages(UTGA) of the authigenic illites range from 188.56 ± 6.20 Ma to 491.86 ± 27.68 Ma, which are 7% to 103% older than the corresponding K/Ar ages of 124.87 ± 1.11 Ma to 383.45 ± 2.80 Ma, respectively. The K-Ar ages indicate multistage accumulations with distinct distribution patterns in the Tarim Basin: older(late Caledonian-early Hercynian) around the basin margin, younger(late Hercynian) in the basin centre, and the youngest(middle to late Yanshanian) in the Ha-6 well-block, central area of the North Uplift. The age difference is believed to have been caused by the ~(39)Ar recoil loss during the irradiation process. Compared with the K/Ar ages, the estimated ~(39)Ar recoil losses in this study are in the range from 7% to 51%. The ~(39)Ar recoil loss appears to increase not only with the decreasing particle sizes of the I/S, but also with increasing percentage of smectite layers(IR) of the I/S, and smectite layer content(SLC) of the samples. We conclude that due to significant ~(39)Ar recoil losses, UTGA may not offer any meaningful geological ages of the authigenic illite formation in the SBS and thus can not be used to represent the hydrocarbon charge timing. ~(39)Ar recoil losses during ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar dating can not be neglected when dating fine authigenic illite, especially when the ordered mixed-layer I/S containing small amount of smectite layers(IR30%) in the reservoir formations. Compared with the unencapsulated Ar-Ar method, the conventional K-Ar method is less complicated, more accurate and reliable in dating authigenic illites in petroleum reservoirs.  相似文献   

南沙海槽表层沉积自生石膏-黄铁矿组合的成因及其对天然气渗漏的指示意义   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

陈忠  颜文  陈木宏  陆钧  古森昌 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(2):91-100

南海海槽是潜在的天然气水合物发育区，在表层沉积物中分布有石膏-黄铁矿组合。通过对石膏、黄铁矿的形貌特征、矿物组成、化学元素、硫同位素等的分析，讨论和揭示了石膏-黄铁矿组合的成岩环境、形成机理及其与天然气渗漏的关系。石膏集合体为土块状和多孔状、玫瑰状，表面分布有孔洞或微孔，黄铁矿为莓球状、球粒结块状和虫管状。不同形状的石膏、黄铁矿的化学成分没有明显差别。石膏-黄铁矿的形成机理是海底渗漏的天然气与硫酸盐发生缺氧甲烷氧化反应，产物HS^-与沉积物中的Fe^2＋反应产生FeS并转变为黄铁矿，在形成FeS的过程中产生的H^＋促进碳酸盐溶解，Ca^2＋与SO4^2-达到过饱和沉淀出重。^34S的石膏。因此，石膏-黄铁矿组合是海底存在天然气渗漏的证据，这一发现对开展南沙海槽潜在天然气水舍物的调查以及对天然气渗漏事件的研究具有一定的科学意义。  相似文献   

太平洋中部柱状沉积物中的自生矿物   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

卢效珍 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1992,12(1):67-72

根据《海洋四号》861—881航次获得的岩心资料,通过对沉积物类型的观察,对其中的几种自生矿物钙十字沸石、蒙脱石、重晶石、微结核、非晶质SiO_2等矿物的成因和与沉积物类型的相关性进行了探讨。  相似文献   

Precipitation of authigenic uranium in suboxic continental margin sediments from the Okinawa Trough   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Masatoshi Yamada  Zhong-Liang Wang  Yoshihisa Kato 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,66(3-4):570-579

Concentrations of U and Th isotopes in Okinawa Trough and East China Sea sediment cores were determined by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) to investigate the behavior of redox sensitive uranium in suboxic hemipelagic sediments and determine their significance in oceanic uranium balance. ²³⁸U concentrations and ²³⁸U/²³²Th activity ratios in the East China Sea sediments showed no remarkable variation with depth. However, ²³⁸U and ²³⁸U/²³²Th ratios in the Okinawa Trough sediments were low in the surface oxidizing layer but increased where the suboxic condition was encountered. The distribution profiles of ²³⁰Th and ²³²Th concentrations were relatively constant with depth in both the Okinawa Trough and East China Sea sediment cores. These results suggested that there has been post-depositional precipitation of authigenic uranium within the suboxic Okinawa Trough sediment column. The post-depositional precipitation rates of authigenic uranium were estimated to be 47 ± 5 to >62 ± 8 ng cm⁻² yr⁻¹; these rates were comparable to those previously reported for several anoxic sediments. A mechanism controlling precipitation of uranium may be the downward diffusion of uranium U(VI), reduction to U(IV) and finally precipitation onto the solid phase. The accumulation rate of uranium for the Okinawa Trough sediments was approximately eight times higher than the world average rate reported for suboxic sediments. This removal of uranium in the oceanic budget increases the importance of the suboxic sediment sink.  相似文献   

MINERALOGY OF COASTAL DEPOSITS OF NORTH-WESTERN SEA OF JAPAN   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N.G.Razjigaeva  L.A.Ganzey 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1991,(4)

Distribution of heavy, light and clay minerals in Late Pleistocene—Holocene deposits from different coastal environments (beaches, lagoons, dunes, relict lakes, ria bays and inlets, open inlets) was analysed. It was established that mineralogical composition of coastal deposits was a result of provenance and its hypergenous changes, transformation of material within transit zone, and accumulative conditions of inshore zone. Contents of stable minerals increase in deposits of the inlets confined to mouths of the small streams and in horizons of the sections, formed during regressive phases. Unstable minerals amount is higher in deposits of inlets, confined to mouths of the large river. The clay mineral fraction of shelf sediments consists mostly of illite. Authigenous pyrites dominate in deposits of ria bays, lagoons and relict lakes, formed during transgressive phases. Volcanic glass, found in deposits, is product of Holocene eruptions of Baegdusan (Baitushen) Volcano.  相似文献   

泰国湾西部表层沉积物自生矿物分布及组成     

王昆山  石学法  乔淑卿  KORNKANITNAN Narumol  KHOKIATTIWONG Somkiat 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(12):125-136

Generation, morphology, and distribution of authigenic minerals directly reflect sedimentary environment and material sources. Surface sediments were collected from the western Gulf of Thailand during 2011–2012, and 159 samples were analyzed to determine detrital minerals. Authigenic minerals, including siderite, pyrite, and glauconite, are abundant whereas secondary minerals, such as chlorite and limonite, are distributed widely in the study area. Siderite has a maximum content of 19.98 g/kg and appears in three types from nearshore to continental shelf, showing the process of forming-maturity-oxidation. In this process, the Mn O content in siderite decreases, but Fe_2O_3 and Mg O content increase. Colorless or transparent siderite pellets are fresh grains generated within a short time and widely distributed throughout the region; high content appears in coastal area where river inputs are discharged. Translucent cemented double pellets appearing light yellow to red are mature grains; high content is observed in the central shelf. Red-brown opaque granular pellets are oxidized grains,which are concentrated in the eastern gulf. Pyrite is mostly distributed in the central continental shelf with an approximately north–south strip. Pyrite are mainly observed in foraminifera shell and distributed in clayey silt sediments, which is similar to that in the Yangtze River mouth and the Yellow Sea. The pyrite in the gulf is deduced from genetic types associated with sulfate reduction and organic matter decomposition. Majority of glauconite are granular with few laminar. Glauconite is concentrated in the northern and southern parts within the boundary of 9.5° to 10.5°N and is affected by river input diffusion. The distribution of glauconite is closely correlated with that of chlorite and plagioclase, indicating that glauconite is possibly derived from altered products of chlorite and plagioclase. The K_2O content of glauconite is low or absent, indicating its short formation time.  相似文献