河口水Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺的分析、形式、分布、毒性与生态环境   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

顾宏堪 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(3):336-339

生物毒性实验Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋等浓度与生物死亡率相关模式表明，海水中加入的Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋等浓度逐渐增高，生物死主恨率相应增高，同一浓度下，死亡率随时间（２４，４８，７２，９６ｈ）的增加逐步增高，实验加入Ｃｕ＾２＋仅１μｇ／Ｌ和Ｚｎ＾２＋仅５μｇ／Ｌ本底浓度时，其毒性即已开始遵循相关模式。因此，比天然水含量仅高１，２倍的Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋离子的污染及毒性，就足以破坏鱼虾在河口的产卵，  相似文献   

OBSERVATION AND INVESTIGATION OF VARIABILITIES OF BASELINE CO₂ CONCENTRATION OVER WALIGUAN MOUNTAIN IN QINGHAI PROVINCE OF CHINA^*          下载免费PDF全文

Wen Yupu  Shao Zhiqing  Xu Xiaobin  Ji Bingf  Zhu Qingbin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,8(3):255-262

In-situ measurement of atmospheric CO₂ was made at the top of the Waliguan Mountain(36°17'N,100°54'E,3816 m asl).where the air is not directly affected by the local anthropogenic and natural sources,by using a nondispersive infrared(NDIR)analyzer and following the procedures proposed by WMO.The CO₂ in the flask samples collected on the mountain was also analyzed in a laboratory.The measurements uncover the daily,monthly and seasonal variabilities and the baseline level of the CO₂ in the air over the "clean" area of Chinese hinterland.Results suggest that the CO₂ concentration over the East Asia continent has evident periodical variation,similar to that of global distribution.In 1992,an annual mean baseline CO₂ concentration of 356.4 ppm over the continent was obtained.The annual mean value was 357.2 ppm for 1993.Some relationships between the CO₂ concentration at Waliguan and the weather conditions,especially,wind speed and direction are found through the observation.  相似文献   

Baseline atmospheric condensation nuclei at Cape Grim 1977–1987     

J. L. Gras 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1990,11(1-2):89-106

The meaning of baseline as applied to measurements of CN, at atmospheric monitoring sites such as Cape Grim, is discussed and the idea that a baseline exists only in a statistical sense advocated. Use of the concentration frequency-distribution geometric-mean is proposed as the best measure of CN concentrations. Variations in CN concentrations at Cape Grim for periods greater than 12 months are derived by Kalman filtering the monthly estimates of geometric mean concentration obtained from 1977 to 1987. Significant variations are shown to be present on this timescale with quasi-periodic oscillations in concentration. Some association between major fluctuations and El-Nino Southern Oscillation perturbations in the regional circulation is suggested.  相似文献   

利用平地干涉相位进行INSAR初始基线估计     

靳国旺  徐青  朱彩英  韩晓林 《测绘学院学报》2006,(4)

INSAR技术是最有潜力获取高精度DEM的手段之一。在其关键技术中,基线估计是影响最终DEM精度的一个关键因素。通常,较小的基线估计误差将会导致获取的DEM中存在较大的斜坡效应。但是,对于境外等难以获取地面控制点的区域,很难精确地估计出基线参数,从而使获取的DEM误差很大。针对这种情况,从INSAR的基本原理入手,提出了一种新的利用平地干涉相位进行初始基线估计的方法。利用1994年美国NASA航天飞机SIR-C/X-SAR数据和中国科学院电子所机载双天线干涉数据进行了实验,结果表明:该方法适用于无控制地区的基线估计,它无需地面控制点,并且估计出的基线参数比较精确。  相似文献   

The nutrient forms, cycling and exchange flux in the sediment and overlying water system in lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

QIN Boqiang  ZHU Guangwei 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(Z1)

This paper is a review of research works concerning the nutrient transportation, transformation and exchange between water, sediment and biota in the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River conducted in the context of project entitled "The Processes and Mechanism of Lake Eutrophication in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River". All the lakes from this area are shallow lakes. According to the typical lake site research, the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River have a higher baseline of nutrition in the history. Normally the trophic status of these lakes can be categorized into medium-trophic or eutrophic. Human activities have been enhanced during the last decades, which speed up the lake eutrophic process. Lake eutrophication control needs to reduce not only the external nutrient inputs from watershed but also the internal loading from the sediments. Investigations revealed that the lake sediments in this area are considerablly high in nutrition in which at most about 30% of phosphorus exists in the form of bio-available in the sediment. The surface sediment will exert great effects on the nutrient exchange between water-sediment interface via adsorption and release of nutrient. The nutrient release from the sediment in these shallow lakes is mainly in two ways, i.e. in the undisturbed condition the nutrient is released through diffusion created by the nutrient gradient from sediment to overlying water; whereas in disturbed condition, the nutrient release is determined by the hydrodynamic forcing intensity and the sediment resuspension. Metallic elements such as the iron, manganese and aluminium and the aerobic-anaerobic ambience will affect the release of nutrients. The disturbed release will increase the total nutrients in the water column significantly in the short period. At the beginning of sediment resuspension, the dissolved nutrient concentration will increase. This increase will be damped if the ferric oxide and aluminium are rich in sediment because of the adsorption and flocculation. This means that the lakes have capability of eliminating the nutrient loadings. Investigations for the lakes from middle and down stream of Yangtze River have suggested that most lakes have the self-cleaning capability. Dredging the control of the internal loading, therefore, is only applicable to the small lakes or undisturbed bays which normally are situated nearby the city or town and rich in organic materials in the sediment. In addition, the strong reduction condition and weak aeration of these lakes and bays make these small lakes and bays release much more bio-available nutrient and without much self-eliminating capability. Moreover, eutrophication induced algal bloom in these lakes will change the pH of water, which further induces the increase in the nutrient release. In turn, the increase in nutrient release promotes the growth of phytoplankton and results in severe algal bloom. For the heavily polluted water, research suggests that the biomass of bacteria and alkaline phosphatase activity will be higher corresponding to the higher concentration of nutrients, which accelerates the nutrient recycling between water, sediment and biota. Quick recycling of nutrient, in turn, promotes the production and biomass growth of microorganism and leads to more severe eutrophication. Further research work should focus on the nutrient transformation mechanism and the effects of microbial loop on the eutrophication.  相似文献   

遗传算法解算GPS短基线整周模糊度的编码方法研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘智敏  刘经南  姜卫平  李陶 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2006,31(7):607-610

将遗传算法（GA）应用于GPS短基线模糊度解算过程，实现了二进制编码和实数编码方法，并对这两种编码方法在实际计算过程中的实现效率和复杂度进行了分析比较。针对双差模糊度的整数特性，笔者在实数编码内取整后再生成个体进行算子操作。试验结果表明，经过修改的实数编码遗传算法可以取得比二进制编码更高的可靠性和成功率，是更适于双差模糊度搜索采用的编码方法。  相似文献   

利用半动力半几何学方法解算上海—武汉台站间基线长度     

彭碧波  吴斌  夏治中  郭唐永 《大地测量与地球动力学》1998,(4)

在人造卫星大地测量技术中,半动力半几何学方法满足了几何学法的严格同步的要求和动力法的高精度理论模型的要求,又有利于实时求解参数。讨论并研究了半动力半几何方法,以激光击中卫星的时刻为基准,利用ρ０－ρｃ来内插同步测距资料,直接求解基线长度,最后利用收集到的两圈同步ＬＡＧＥＯＳ卫星激光测距资料试算了上海—武汉台站间的基线长度,并对结果进行了讨论。  相似文献   

短距离GPS工程控制网的有关设计问题     

郑汉球 《测绘工程》1998,7(2):1-5

在推导短距离ＧＰＳ测相双差观测方程的近似表达式的基础上,分析了卫星几何状态与基线位置对短基线解精度的影响,结合北京地铁复八线ＧＰＳ控制网资料分析,提出了工程及城市控制网型设计原则。  相似文献   

矿区GPS变形监测与变形分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

栾元重  韩李涛 《测绘工程》2002,11(2):49-51

对矿区DPS变形监测网的建立、实时监测、基线平差、变形分析及分形特征等问题，进行了较系统深入的探讨。经对GPS实时监测变表数据分析可知，地表点的移动具有较强的分形增长规律，GPS变形监测技术能够揭示地表移动的非线性特征，为变形分析与预测提供了新的途径。  相似文献   

Ashtech MDXII GPS接收机周期性零基线检验的结果分析     

郑国忠  畅毅 《四川测绘》1995,(1)

本文首先阐述GPS接收机检验工作的重要性，接着说明零基线检验的方法和目的，提供AshtechMDXII周期性零基线检验成果，并对它们进行了分析，在此基础上提出若干结论和建议，以期推动GPS接收机检验原理、方法的发展．  相似文献