宝顶石刻区污染地下水对造像岩体的破坏作用     

张赞勋  汪东云  付林森  姚金石  谢本立 《山地学报》1994,(3)

污染地下水渗入大佛湾摩岩造像群，在石刻表面积聚可溶盐，加剧了石刻的侵蚀破坏，其中尤以泥质细粒长石砂岩风化剥落最为严重。研究渗水病害对石刻保护有重要意义。  相似文献   

若干特殊地表风蚀的风洞实验研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

邹学勇  刘玉璋 《地理研究》1994,13(2):41-48

经风洞模拟实验,本文对四种特殊地表在净风和挟沙风情况下的风蚀特性,进行了定量的研究。揭示了原始地表结构受人为破坏后,其抗风蚀能力急剧降低的特点。探讨了风成沙粒配、戈壁风蚀平衡与风蚀有关的几个问题。  相似文献   

江苏北部开敞淤泥质海岸的侵蚀过程及防护   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

虞志英  张勇 《地理学报》1994,49(2):149-157

开敞淤泥质海岸是淤泥质海岸的主要类型，其自然演变过程，主要受沿海河流泥沙供应条件的制约，一旦泥沙供应消失，海岸往往进入不可逆转的侵蚀过程。江苏北部淤泥质海岸的侵蚀过程，起自１８５５年黄河入海口北归利津入海以后，主要是在近岸破波对岸滩物质的冲刷和潮流的输移扩散作用下进行的。通过对淤泥质海岸动力和沉积物性质的认识和概化，对海岸侵蚀过程作出定量模拟，并对该地区海岸防护工程作出评价和讨论。  相似文献   

南京梁代石刻微侵蚀的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张捷  陈舒泛 《地理学报》1994,49(5):418-428,T001

从地貌学角度较系统地分析了梁代石灰岩石刻表面自然毁损的微侵蚀机制，本文指出，雨水沿缝合线渗流，经多种地衣及兰藻、绿藻等生物作用而大大加强了溶蚀作用，导致石刻的崩解，并讨论此种特殊微侵蚀形态的形成机制在地貌学理论研究中的意义。  相似文献   

Development of a rainwater harvesting system for increasing soil moisture in arid rangelands of Pakistan     

Sheikh Suleman  M. Karl Wood  Bashir Hussain Shah  Leigh Murray   《Journal of Arid Environments》1995,31(4)

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黄河壶口瀑布变迁考证和相应径流关系的初步分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘振和 《水科学进展》1995,6(3):218-223

通过黄河壶口瀑布河段实地考察和测算,得出了瀑布近4000年来不同时期的溯源侵蚀速度.以现代实测水量与瀑布形成的石槽宽度之比为基础,推算出黄河壶口4200年径流系列,提出了黄河壶口以上流域的古水量变化过程,其丰、枯、峰、谷,与古气候的暖冷湿干,及中国西部第四纪冰川进退沿黄河两岸古土壤的形成与中断等千年尺度综合的分析对照.这个水量过程的确立与深入研究,将促进水科学理论与方法的发展.  相似文献   

闽粤台沿海北西西向最新构造带与大震构造背景   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

毕福志  袁又申 《地震地质》1990,12(2):183-192,T001

闽粤台沿海自台湾运动以来逐渐形成了多条北西西向隆起—拗陷的最新活动构造带,与已知的北东—北北东向隆起、拗陷带构成了区域性镶嵌构造格局。 研究区内除板块相互碰撞、俯冲及上地幔物质上涌形成大震构造背景外,莫霍面隆起或隆起断距大、低速层厚、地壳变薄、近两、三千年地表抬升差异活动显著以及台东近海有北西西向构造活动等,也都是发生大震的重要构造背景  相似文献   

Chronology of Sanbagawa metamorphism   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Y. ISOZAKI  T. ITAYA 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1990,8(4):401-411

By collating age data based on the fossil age of the protoliths, radiometric dating of the metamorphic minerals, and sedimentary records of erosion at the earth's surface, the history of the Sanbagawa metamorphism can be summarized as follows. (1) The pre-metamorphic sedimentary rocks (Carboniferous-Jurassic + Early Cretaceous?) became mixed and formed a thickened packet in the vicinity of an ancient trench through a variety of subduction-related tectono-sedimentary processes, probably in Early Cretaceous time (c., 130-120 Ma). (2) The subducted protoliths underwent progressive metamorphism reaching a maximum depth of c. 30 km in late Early Cretaceous time (c. 116 ± 10 Ma). (3) The high-P/T metamorphic rocks began to rise toward the surface (during the interval 110-50 Ma) with minimum estimates for the average cooling rate around 9-12°C/Ma and an average uplift rate around 0.4-0.5 mm/year. (4) Finally, at some stage after reaching the erosional surface, the high-P/T metamorphic rocks were covered unconformably by the middle Eocene (c. 50-42 Ma) Kuma Group. On the basis of the present chronological summary of the Sanbagawa metamorphism, the areal extent of the Sanbagawa metamorphism is also discussed with respect to the weakly metamorphosed subduction-accretion complex of the next tectonic belt to the south, the Northern Chichibu belt.  相似文献   

Sediment budgeting: A case study in the Katiorin drainage basin,Kenya     

Ross A. Sutherland  Rorke B. Bryan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1991,16(5):383-398

The primary objective of this study was to compute a detailed budget for a small semiarid tropical drainage basin in Kenya. Results indicated that transfer of sediments (‘inputs’) from primary source areas was minor in comparison to changes in storage. The major sediment source area within the Katiorin drainage basin was the colluvial hillslope zone. The net change in storage within this zone was approximately 2100 Mg yr^?1. Surface wash and rilling were the dominant transport processes responsible for the remobilization of colluvial sediments. Sediment storage within the in-channel reservoir increased by 60 Mg yr^?1, which was minor when compared to the total store of sediment in this reservoir. During 1986, the channel network stored only a small fraction ( < 3 per cent) of the sediment delivered from the hillslope subsystem. Therefore, the in-channel reservoir had limited influence on sediment conveyance to the basin outlet. These data indicate that a static equilibrium condition cannot be assumed within the Katiorin drainage basin. Such an assumption would result in erosion estimates of approximately 5.5 mm yr^?1 for the entire basin (based on a sediment output of 7430 Mg km^?2 yr^?1 and a measured bulk density of 1.35 Mg m^?3). However, this masked the actual rates of 1.2 to 7.1 mm yr^?1 in subbasin primary source areas, and rates of 0.6 to 17 mm yr^?1 for colluvial material in the various subbasins. The extreme accelerated erosion rates resulted from minimal ground vegetation, steep slopes, soil crust formation, an erodible substrate, and a well-integrated drainage network for rapid conveyance of sediments from the hillslope subsystem to the basin outlet.  相似文献   

TWO－DIMENSIONAL　MATHEMATICAL　MODEL　FOR　STUDYING　EROSION　AND　SEDIMENTATION　OF　A　WANDERING　STRETCH　IN　THE　LOWER　YELLOW　RIVER   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Shiqir 《国际泥沙研究》1994,(3)

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