Facies distribution of the Lower Cambrian cryptic microbial and epibenthic archaeocyathan-microbial communities, western Anti-Atlas, Morocco     

J. JAVIER ÁLVARO†  SÉBASTIEN CLAUSEN†  ABDERRAZZAK EL ALBANI‡  EL HASSANE CHELLAI§ 《Sedimentology》2006,53(1):35-53

Marine microbial communities recorded in the Moroccan Anti‐Atlas were unaffected across the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian transition. A stromatolite‐dominated consortium was replaced at the beginning of the Atdabanian (ca 20 Myr after the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian boundary) by shelly metazoan and thromboid consortia, which contain the oldest biostratigraphically significant fossils of the Moroccan Cambrian. The associated collapse of microbial mat (stromatolitic) growth appears to coincide with a change from pre‐Atdabanian shallow‐water restricted conditions into Atdabanian deeper, open‐sea conditions. It is postulated that this environmental change led to an episode of improved water circulation over carbonate platform interiors, promoting shelly metazoan immigration into the region. The Tiout/Amouslek lithostratigraphic contact in the early Atdabanian marks the end of an episodically unstable seafloor as suggested by the abundance of slumping and sliding structures, and synsedimentary microfaults and cracks recorded in the underlying Tiout Member. Concurrent with the transition is the occurrence of a network of cryptic fissures and cavities that provided habitats for a coelobiontic chemosynthetic–heterotrophic microbial community composed of stromatolitic crusts, Renalcis–Epiphyton–Girvanella intergrowths, and Kundatia thalli. In the overlying Amouslek Formation, archaeocyathan–thromboid reefs were constrained by substrate stability, water depth and subsidence rate. Four reef geometries are distinguished: (i) patch reefs surrounded by shales, (ii) bioherms in which flank beds intercalate laterally with carbonate and shale inter‐reef sediments, (iii) biostromes or low‐relief structures formed as a result of lateral accretion of patch reefs, and (iv) kalyptrate complexes that nucleated because of a marked tendency for aggregation, and in which patch reefs and bioherms occur stacked together bounded by clay–marl–silt seams.  相似文献   

北京地区湿地高等植物区系分析   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

李满良  张铁明  胡东  陈卫 《湿地科学》2006,4(3):219-226

根据工作需要,在北京4个水系的主要河流的平原地段和山区的上、中游地段,选取不同生境的典型样地,以及城区的人工湖泊共设立了35个采集点,采用样方法和样带法相结合,共调查样方355个,采集样本4 152个。在该调查资料的基础上,运用区系学原理对北京地区湿地高等植物区系的种类组成、地理成分(科、属、种3个层次)等进行了系统的分析。结果表明,北京地区湿地高等植物共有108科311属552种(含山区湿地),占北京植物总数的近1/3。其中苔藓植物(B ryohyto)有9科15属18种;蕨类植物(Pteridophgta)5科5属8种;裸子植物(Gymnosperm ae)3科5属6种;被子植物(Angiosperm ae)91科286属520种。种子植物中含20种以上的有5科,共210种;含5种以上的属有14个属,共114种。北京地区湿地植物的分布(即地理成分)较复杂。北京湿地种子植物属的分布区类型有15个类型,9个变型,温带地区类型占主导,温带成分较丰富(属数、种类、比例均占首位)。本区植物区系的主要特征为:①草本植物发达;②温带成分占优势地位;③区系起源古老;④特有属、种匮乏;⑤分布区类型具多样性。  相似文献   

深切怀念我们的导师-李连捷院士          下载免费PDF全文

石元春  林培 《第四纪研究》2002,22(1):47-56

李连捷院士是杰出的土壤地理学家、我国土壤学的创始人之一，也是土壤地质学派的创史人。他有关土壤发生的地学基础背景的正确而鲜明的学术思想引导着土壤地理和土壤资源的研究、土地资源开发和研究生培养工作。他一方面不断学习国际上在这方面的学术发展动向及前沿；另一方面紧密结合中国发展的生产实际。他在20世纪50-60年代以综合考察，70年代以后以扎根基点的形式发展土壤科学、培养研究生。他一生刚正不阿、高风亮节，实为一代宗师。  相似文献   

两个相连湖泊的微生态系统——云南高原湖泊中浅水的星云湖和深水的抚仙湖研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

大久保贤治  熊谷道夫  坂本充  宋学良  张子雄 《云南地理环境研究》2002,14(2):10-19

抚仙湖是中国云南省的一个深水湖，连接着富营养化的浅水湖－－星云湖，星云湖排放含绿藻的水进入抚仙湖。两湖位于省会昆明附近，由于地方文化、集约化农业、以及旅游业的发展，两湖已经富营养化。因为湖泊体积容量的级别差异，深水湖的富营养化几乎没被注意，抚仙湖秋季下层滞水带缺氧已经关注了20年，似乎下层滞水带是深水湖富营养化的指标或趋势。抚仙湖看起来目前情况尚好，可以说寡营养，然而，外界负荷是潜在的，且是以稳定的加速度进行的。在此对浅水湖富营养化的原因进行了讨论，包括在其它云南湖泊观察到富营养化的过程，再者，对两个连相湖的藻和蓝藻碎片的大小构成进行比照。为了与深水的抚仙湖状况进行比较，简略介绍了一个日本的深湖及其径流系统。其中，涡流和它的微生态系统，在两者中相关性很好。对于以涡流生态系统的见解判断微生态系统的深水湖富营养化问题将给予概括。  相似文献   

Habitat, occurrence and conservation of Saharo-Arabian-Turanian element Forsskaolea tenacissima L. in the Iberian Peninsula   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Javier Cabello  Domingo Alcaraz  Francisco Gmez-Mercado  Juan F. Mota  Javier Navarro  Julio Peas  Esther Gimnez 《Journal of Arid Environments》2003,53(4):491-500

The aim of this study is to assess the Iberian populations of Forsskaolea tenacissima L. according to its biogeographical interest, habitat, geographical range and conservation status. Results point out that they are restricted to gravel wadis of Tabernas Desert (SE Spain), are scarcely included in protected areas and represent historically isolated populations with relict behaviour. We also describe a new association, Senecioni-Forsskaoleetum tenacissimae. Conservation status of species is cause for concern and two conservation actions must be carried out. Firstly, protected areas should house Forsskaolea populations and secondly, phytosociological characterization of a community allows inventorying its habitat and directing conservation efforts to community level.  相似文献   

The stability of a remediated bed in Hamilton Harbour,Lake Ontario,Canada     

Carl L. Amos  Ian G. Droppo  Eduardo A. Gomez  Tom P. Murphy 《Sedimentology》2003,50(1):149-168

ABSTRACT In situ measurements of lakebed sediment erodibility were made on three sites in Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario, using the benthic flume Sea Carousel. Three methods of estimating the surface erosion threshold (τ_c(0)) from a Carousel time series were evaluated: the first method fits measures of bed strength to eroded depth (the failure envelope) and evaluates threshold as the surface intercept; the second method regresses mean erosion rate (E_m) with bed shear stress and solves for the floc erosion rate (E_f) to derive the threshold for E_m = E_f = 1 × 10^?5 kg m^?2 s^?1; the third method extrapolates a regression of suspended sediment concentration (S) and fluid transmitted bed shear stress (τ₀) to ambient concentrations. The first field site was undisturbed (C) and acted as a control; the second (W) was disturbed through ploughing and water injection as part of lakebed treatment, whereas the third site (OIP) was disturbed and injected with an oxidant used for remediation of contaminated sediment. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the three different methods of deriving erosion threshold; (2) to compare the physical behaviour of lacustrine sediments with their marine estuarine counterparts; and (3) to examine the effects of ploughing and chemical treatment of contaminated sediment on bed stability. Five deployments of Sea Carousel were carried out at the control site. Mean erosion thresholds for the three methods were: τ_c(0) = 0·5 (±0·06), 0·27 (±0·01) and 0·34 (±0·03) Pa respectively. Method 1 overpredicted bed strength as it was insensitive to effects in the surface 1–2 mm, and the fit of the failure envelope was also highly subjective. Method 2 exhibited a wide scatter in the data (low correlation coefficients), and definition of the baseline erosion rate (E_f) is largely arbitrary in the literature. Method 3 yielded stable (high correlation coefficients), reproducible and objective results and is thus recommended for evaluation of the erosion threshold. The results of this method correlated well with sediment bulk density and followed the same trend as marine counterparts from widely varying sites. Mass settling rates, expressed as a decay constant, k, of S(t), were strongly related to the maximum turbidity at the onset of settling (S_max) and were also in continuity with marine counterparts. Thus, it appears that differences in salinity had little effect on mass settling rates in the examples presented, and that biological activity dominated any effects normally attributable to changes in salinity. Bedload transport of eroded aggregates (2–4 mm in diameter) took place by rolling below a mean tangential flow velocity (U_y) of 0·32 ms^?1 and by saltation at higher velocities. Mass transport as bedload was a maximum at U_y = 0·4 ms^?1, although bedload never exceeded 1% of the suspended load. The proportion of material moving as bedload was greatest at the onset of erosion but decreased as flow competence increased. Given the low bulk density and strength of the lakebed sediment, the presence of a bedload component is notable. Bedload transport over eroding cohesive substrates should be greater in estuaries, where both sediment density and strength are usually higher. Significant differences between the ploughed and control sites were apparent in both the erosion rate and the friction coefficient (φ), and suggest that bed recovery after disruption is rapid (< 24 h). τ_c(0) increased linearly with time after ploughing and recovered to the control mean value within 3 days. The friction coefficient was reduced to zero by ploughing (diagnostic of fluidization), but increased linearly with time, regaining control values within 6 days. No long‐term reduction in bed strength due to remediation was apparent.  相似文献   

ON BIO-EFFECTS ON KARST LANDSCAPE IN JIUZHAIGOU CONSERVATION, SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA—WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A MICROMORPHOLOFICAL APPROACH     

Zhang Jie Li Shengfeng Zhou Yinkang Du Jinkang Department of Geography  Nanjing University  Nanjing People''s Republic of China 《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(3)

1.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｂｉｏｋａｒｓｔｓｔｒｅｔｃｈｆｒｏｍｎｉｎｅｔｅｅｎｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ,ｙｅｔｏｎｌｙｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ,ｍｏｒｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔａｎｄｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐｕｔｆｏｒｗａｒｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅｏｆｒｅｌａｔｅｄｓｐｅｃｉａｌｔｅｒｍｉｎｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｄｅｔａｉｌｅｄｒｅｖｉｅｗｓ[3,11,30,3638],ａｎｄｉｔｓｅｅｍｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｓｔｉｌｌｌａｃｋｏｆｂｉｏｋａｒｓｔｉｎａｌｐｉｎｅｅｎｖｉｒｏ…  相似文献   

山西太岳山种子植物区系特征     

柴宝峰  李毳 《山地学报》1997,(3)

调查的基础L，统计了太岳山种子植物有97科、316属、575种（含变种），分析了该区系的主要特征，即植物区系地理成分复杂，温带成分占优势；植物资源种类丰富，区系起源古老；植物区系具明显的过渡性；植被类型复杂，具明显的垂直分布．对该区野生经济植物进行了分类统计，为植物资源合理利用与生物多样性保护提供了基础资料穹科学依据．  相似文献   

山东淄博地区晚古生代成煤环境演替     

王嘹亮  米家榕 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1996,(3)

淄博地区本溪期—石千峰期沉积环境经历了障壁岛—泻湖—台地环境，三角洲环境，曲流河环境体系的演替。相应的泥炭形成环境有不稳定的局限泻湖泥炭坪，较开阔泻湖泥炭坪，中等稳定的开阔泻湖泥炭坪，三角洲平原分流河道两侧的泥炭沼泽，洪泛平原上的泥炭沼泽。成煤植物上，本溪期以Ｃｏｒｄａｉｔｅｓ，Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒａｌｅｓ，Ｎｅｕｒｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ为主，太原期华夏植物群发展，Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ，Ｃｏｒｄａｉｔｅｓ继续发育，真蕨纲和种子蕨纲占越来越重要的地位。山西期以Ｏｄｏｎｔｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｓｐ．，Ａｎｎｕｌａｒｉａｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ，Ｐｅｃｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ，Ｐ．ｎｏｒｉｎｉ为主。自煤系形成至今，本区经历了海西印支期的普遍沉降埋藏、燕山期的普遍抬升局部断陷、喜山期的剥蚀、新构造运动期的差异沉降等阶段。古构造、古气候对本区成煤环境有重要的控制作用。  相似文献   

大冲击功液动锤的研究及其应用          下载免费PDF全文

殷琨  菅志军  蒋荣庆 《探矿工程》1996,(4):8-10

从液动锤基础理论出发，依据理论计算公，科学建立数学模型，开发计算机软件，对液动锤内部动力过程及工作参数进行计算机模拟仿真电算，寻求大幅度提高冲击功的途径和方法。  相似文献