Comparisons between marine productivity and terrestrial input records in the Gulf of California over the last 28 ka     

Elsa Arellano-Torres  Astrid J. Mora-Rivera  Paola Vázquez-Romero  Enrique H. Nava-Sánchez  Juan José Kasper-Zubillaga  M. Socorro Lozano-García 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(3):479-491

We study the marine and terrestrial contributions in the Gulf of California (GC) to understand the relationship between continental climate and oceanographic variability over the last 28 ka. In Core AII125-8-JPC-20, we examine aeolian and riverine inputs as nutrients for biological productivity. We use biogenic silica (%opal), total organic carbon (%TOC) and calcium carbonate (%CaCO₃) as proxies for primary productivity, and lithic fraction distributions as proxies for terrigenous transport. At the core site, biogenic and lithic components are in phase at millennial-scale in response to regional climate conditions. During the Late Pleistocene, the GC shelf area was above sea level and the western margin showed transient episodes of increased fluvial inputs. Episodic increases in %opal and reduced %TOC suggest upwelling events but ineffective C-export to the sediment. During stadial events (Heinrich 2, Heinrich 1, Younger Dryas), regional declines in %opal, but increases in %CaCO₃ and TOC, suggest efficient C-export by carbonate organisms. During most of the Holocene, dust inputs are higher. Episodic increases in %TOC suggest higher C-accumulation, although this is not controlled by siliceous or calcareous organisms. In the GC, besides upwelling and current advection, nutrient inputs driven by terrestrial climate have an impact on the biological C-pump. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

从南海北部浅层气的成因看水合物潜在的气源   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

傅宁  林青  刘英丽 《现代地质》2011,25(2):332-339

应用天然气浓缩轻烃分析技术、天然气碳同位素分析技术,结合现有地质资料和水合物分析资料,对南海北部浅层气的成因特征、运移特征及南海已发现的水合物成因特征进行了详细分析。研究结果表明,南海北部盆地浅层气藏普遍具有混合成因的特征,并主要以生物气-热成因气(生物降解气)混合气为主。浅层气的这种混合成因特征揭示了水合物的气源不仅与生物气有关,也与热成因气生物降解气有关,而混合气中的热成因气(生物降解气)的气源来自深部油气藏,表明水合物的气源与常规深部油气藏有密切的关系。南海北部大陆边缘神狐陆坡深水区天然气水合物主要为生物成因和混合成因二种类型,生物成因的水合物δ¹³C1值分布在-57‰～-74.3‰之间, 混合成因的水合物δ¹³C1值分布在-46.2‰～-63‰之间。珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水区为南海北部水合物最具潜力的勘探区。  相似文献   

Focused fluid flow in the Baiyun Sag, northern South China Sea: implications for the source of gas in hydrate reservoirs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈端新  吴时国  董冬冬  米立军  付少英  施和生 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(1):178-189

The origin and migration of natural gas and the accumulation of gas hydrates within the Pearl River Mouth Basin of the northern South China Sea are poorly understood. Based on high-resolution 2D/3D seismic data, three environments of focused fluid flow: gas chimneys, mud diapirs and active faults have been identified. Widespread gas chimneys that act as important conduits for fluid flow are located below bottom simulating reflections and above basal uplifts. The occurrence and evolution of gas chimneys can be divided into a violent eruptive stage and a quiet seepage stage. For most gas chimneys, the strong eruptions are deduced to have happened during the Dongsha Movement in the latest Miocene, which are observed below Pliocene strata and few active faults develop above the top of the Miocene. The formation pressures of the Baiyun Sag currently are considered to be normal, based on these terms: 1) Borehole pressure tests with pressure coefficients of 1.043–1.047; 2) The distribution of gas chimneys is limited to strata older than the Pliocene; 3) Disseminated methane hydrates, rather than fractured hydrates, are found in the hydrate samples; 4) The gas hydrate is mainly charged with biogenic gas rather than thermogenic gas based on the chemical tests from gas hydrates cores. However, periods of quiet focused fluid flow also enable the establishment of good conduits for the migration of abundant biogenic gas and lesser volumes of thermogenic gas. A geological model governing fluid flow has been proposed to interpret the release of overpressure, the migration of fluids and the formation of gas hydrates, in an integrated manner. This model suggests that gas chimneys positioned above basal uplifts were caused by the Dongsha Movement at about 5.5 Ma. Biogenic gas occupies the strata above the base of the middle Miocene and migrates slowly into the gas chimney columns. Some of the biogenic gas and small volumes of thermogenic gas eventually contribute to the formation of the gas hydrates.  相似文献   

2015年春季长江口表层沉积物生源要素分布和来源     

张珊珊  线薇微  梁翠  沈志良 《海洋科学》2017,41(12):51-59

根据2015年5月对长江口及其邻近海域的生态环境调查资料, 探讨长江口春季表层沉积物总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和生源硅(BSi)4类生源要素的空间分布和来源。结果表明: 2015年春季长江口表层沉积物TOC、TN、TP和BSi平均含量分别为0.315%、0.041%、0.066%和0.450%, 其中, 沉积物中TOC、TN受到陆源输入和海洋自生输入双重影响, 且海洋自生组分的贡献较大, 二者空间分布均呈现南部分布最高并沿西北方向递减趋势; TP分布主要受陆源输入影响, 并呈西北向东南递减趋势; BSi来源于生物沉积, 总体呈现南部高、北部低的分布趋势。与2007年相比, 长江口表层沉积物有机碳、氮含量降低, 东南外海区域替代浑浊区域成为表层沉积物生源要素含量最高区域, 且陆源输入对长江口表层沉积物生源要素的贡献趋于减弱。  相似文献   

黄海、东海陆架区沉积物中氮的形态分布及与浮游植物总量的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张小勇  孙耀  石晓勇  杨茜  黄建生  王迪迪 《海洋学报》2013,35(1):111-120

利用分级浸取分离法将黄海、东海陆架区沉积物氮分为转化态氮(TF-N)和非转化态氮,并将可转化态氮区分为4种形态:离子交换态氮IEF-N 、碳酸盐结合态氮CF-N 、铁锰氧化态氮IMOF-N及有机态和硫化物结合态氮OSF-N。 对各形态氮的平面、垂直和沉积剖面年际分布进行了分析,并进一步探讨了该区域氮形态与古生产力的替代指标——生物硅(BSi)的相关性,揭示了氮形态的地球化学特征及与浮游植物总量的关系。结果表明,黄海、东海陆架区表层沉积物中可转化态氮占总氮的百分比为16.81%,可转化态氮中4种形态氮的平均含量为:IMOF-N(66.65 μg/g)>IEF-N(22.96 μg/g)>OSF-N(17.40 μg/g)>CF-N(11.26 μg/g),IMOF-N是可转化态氮的优势形态;柱状沉积物中各形态氮垂直分布不同,长江口沉积物中各形态氮垂向变化幅度大于南黄海中部;离子交换态氮IEF-N和铁锰氧化态氮IMOF-N对浮游植物总量贡献较大。  相似文献   

钱塘江下切河谷充填物地质特征及浅层生物气的孔隙水压力封闭机理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

林春明  李艳丽  卓弘春  张志萍  George W.Shurr 《古地理学报》2009,11(3):314-329

近年来,在浙江省北部钱塘江河口湾地区发现并开发了大量的晚第四纪浅层生物气藏。末次盛冰期,全球海平面的下降使河流梯度增加,下切作用增强,导致钱塘江下切河谷的形成。下切河谷内的沉积序列从下到上可划分为4种沉积相类型,分别为河床相、河漫滩-河口湾相、河口湾-浅海相和河口湾砂坝相。 所有的商业浅气田和气藏都分布于太湖下切河谷和钱塘江下切河谷及其支谷的河漫滩-河口湾相砂体中。钱塘江下切河谷的河漫滩-河口湾砂体埋深30～80 m,厚3～7 m,被非渗透的黏土包围,可能代表了下切河谷内分布的潮流沙脊。快速堆积的河口湾-浅海相沉积物为生物气藏的形成提供了充足的源岩和良好的保存条件。 河漫滩-河口湾相的黏土层为研究区浅层生物气藏的直接盖层,主要分布在下切河谷内,其埋深、残留地层厚度和孔隙度范围分别为30～80 m、10～30 m和42.2％～62.6％。河口湾-浅海相的淤泥层为间接盖层,覆盖了整个下切河谷,其埋深、残留地层厚度和孔隙度范围分别为5～35 m、10～20 m和50.6％ ～53.9％。黏土层和淤泥层的孔隙水压力远大于下伏砂体的孔隙水压力,其差值可达0.48 MPa。在储集层和盖层分界面即浅气藏的顶部,孔隙水压力值达到最大。黏土层和淤泥层的孔隙水压力可以超过砂质储集层中气体压力和孔隙水压力之和。黏土和淤泥盖层的高孔隙水压力可能是浅层生物气被完全封闭住的最重要因素。直接盖层的封闭能力比间接盖层要好。黏土层和淤泥层的孔隙水压力消散时间很长,有时候很难达到稳定状态,这表明黏土层和淤泥层的渗透性差、封闭性好。随着埋深的增加,其压实程度和封闭性能增加。与黏土层和淤泥层相比,砂层的孔隙水压力消散较快,很容易达到稳定状态,而且消散时间与埋深无关,表明砂层渗透性好、封闭性差。气体一旦进入砂层,孔隙水就不能有效释放,导致砂层的孔隙水压力消散时间比黏土层和淤泥层的要长,这可能与生物气在孔隙水压力释放后的快速补充有关。  相似文献   

辽河三角洲滨海湿地有机碳的时空演变、环境功能及其埋藏机制     

刘瑾  叶思源  王家生 《地球学报》2017,38(S1):83-86

滨海湿地有机碳的时空分布规律, 是研究影响滨海湿地固碳能力及其对当今环境演化与全球气候变化的响应及反馈作用的关键。尽管土壤中总碳含量是评价固碳能力的重要指标, 但其中球囊霉素相关蛋白质(glomalin-related soil protein, GRSP)作为有机碳的一种重要组在部分, 可代表和行使有机碳在滨海湿地固碳能力中的相关作用。  相似文献   

川西甲基卡锂资源富集区根系土壤重金属含量水平及时空分布特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

高娟琴  于扬  王登红  刘丽君  王伟  郝雪峰  代鸿章 《岩矿测试》2019,38(6):681-692

锂能源金属的战略地位不断提高,与锂矿床及锂金属相关的研究也在不断跟进,锂矿区土壤重金属污染近年来持续受到关注,其含量分布情况值得深入研究。本文对亚洲最大的锂矿区——川西甲基卡根系土壤环境进行重金属含量监测,调查和评价锂矿区土壤重金属含量水平及其安全性。2016—2018年于川西甲基卡锂资源富集区采集根系土壤样品68件,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定根系土壤Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn含量。测试结果表明,甲基卡矿区根系土壤Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn含量平均值分别为0.13、15.31、25.47、60.57、16.12、23.59、66.83mg/kg,与2018年8月最新颁布的农用地土壤标准对比,无一超标,均低于风险筛选值及管制值。常见矿床的尾矿库区土壤一般存在严重的重金属污染,而甲基卡尾矿库土壤重金属含量均低于环境标准限值,且矿业活动停止的三年期间尾矿库区根系土壤中Cd、As、Cr含量明显呈逐年下降趋势。本研究认为,选矿厂房及尾矿库周边根系土壤重金属由于人为源的存在有一定的富集现象,但不构成危害,废弃物对环境污染小。  相似文献   

Laser Ablation In Situ Silicon Stable Isotope Analysis of Phytoliths     

Daniel A. Frick  Jan A. Schuessler  Michael Sommer  Friedhelm von Blanckenburg 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2019,43(1):77-91

Silicon is a beneficial element for many plants and is deposited in plant tissue as amorphous bio‐opal called phytoliths. The biochemical processes of silicon uptake and precipitation induce isotope fractionation: the mass‐dependent shift in the relative abundances of the stable isotopes of silicon. At the bulk scale, δ³⁰Si ratios span from ?2 to +6‰. To further constrain these variations in situ, at the scale of individual phytolith fragments, we used femtosecond laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (fsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS). A variety of phytoliths from grasses, trees and ferns were prepared from plant tissue or extracted from soil. Good agreement between phytolith δ³⁰Si ratios obtained by bulk solution MC‐ICP‐MS analysis and in situ isotope ratios from fsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS validates the method. Bulk solution analyses result in at least twofold better precision for δ³⁰Si (2s on reference materials ≤ 0.11‰) over that found for the means of in situ analyses (2s typically ≤ 0.24‰). We find that bushgrass, common reed and horsetail show large internal variations up to 2‰ in δ³⁰Si, reflecting the various pathways of silicon from soil to deposition. Femtosecond laser ablation provides a means to identify the underlying processes involved in the formation of phytoliths using silicon isotope ratios.  相似文献   

海洋沉积物—海水界面附近氮、磷、硅的生物地球化学   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

孙云明  宋金明 《地质论评》2001,47(5):527-534

海洋沉积物中的N和P随沉积物的粒度由粗到细,含量逐渐升高,而Si则降低;积物中N、P、Si的含量还随海区、输入源、季节、动力学过程及生物生产过程不同而变化.控制海洋沉积物-海水界面N、P、Si沉积、释放及循环的因素,包括有机质和溶解氧的浓度、有机质中C、N、P、Si的相对比例、沉积物-海水界面附近的氧化还原环境、生物扰动、温度、水深、pH值、不同形态S的浓度、金属离子以及水动力条件等.一般其综合作用的表现是,沉积物-海水界面之间NH+4、PO3-4和Si(OH)4从沉积物向上覆水扩散转移,而硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的通量方向相反,通量的大小随着海区的不同差别较大.  相似文献