Biomarkers (Alkanes )of the Xuanlong - Type Iron Deposits     

Liu Zhili  Liu Xuexian  Li Pengfu Department of Biology  Nanjing University  Nanjing  Jiangsuand Du Rulin Hebei College of Geology  Shijiazhuang  Hebei Fei Zhenbi 《《地质学报》英文版》1995,69(4):387-395

The authors studied the biomarkers (alkanes) of eight iron ore samples from Nianpanshan and Dsbaodui of Pangjiabao and Longguan, Xuanhua, Hebei. These samples have higher nC15-nC20 contents, with main peaks at nC16, nC 17 and nC18, and contain abundant pristane and phytane. These results indicate that iron stromatolite and iron oncolites in orebodies are sedimentary structures of algal origin. Sedimentary iron accumulation mainly results from activity of blue algae. This study provides new valuable evidence for the origin of Xuanlong-type iron deposits.  相似文献   

生物标志物地球化学的新进展   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11  

陈建渝 《地质科技情报》1995,14(1):35-44

生物标志物地球化学是７０年代以来迅速发展起来的分支学科。它通过分析生物标志物的化学组成及构型转化来研究沉积有机质的演化及沉积矿产特别是石油的成因。本文以我国东部油田下第三系生油岩及原油中生物标志物的分布为例，简介了它们为油气勘探提供有关有机质来源、沉积环境、成熟度、油气运移及生物降解等多方面信息的重要作用及其新的进展。  相似文献   

Organic Composition of Sulphide Ores in the Okinawa Trough and Its Implications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Qiling  HOU Zengqian  TANG ShaohuaInstitute of Mineral Deposits  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Baiwanzhuang Ro  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(2):196-203

A preliminary organic geochemical study shows that the sulphide ores from the hydrothermal deposit of the Okinawa Trough are generally low in the total organic carbon and extremely low in the soluble organic matter. In the aliphatic hydrocarbon fraction, the n-alkanes range from C15 to C35, with usual maxima in the middle n-C20 region and strong odd-carbon number predominance when n > C25 (CPI = 1.2). The dominant analog in the aromatic fraction is phenanthrene, a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon, which provides evidence for hydrothermal activity. The organic matter derived mainly from marine planktonic and terrigenous vascular plants is entrapped in a high-temperature regime such as an active chimney and cooled quickly in the sulphide ores on the seafloor. Organic matter and sulphides are definitely products of a high-temperature alteration. The biomarker compounds indicate that the ores are formed under low Eh and pH conditions-a reducing to anoxic environment, which is favourable for sulphates to be  相似文献   

Thermodynamic stability of various alkylated, dealkylated and rearranged 17α- and 17β-hopane isomers using molecular mechanics calculations     

Ewa Kolaczkowska  Nacer-Eddine Slougui  David S. Watt  Robert E. Maruca  J. Michael Moldowan 《Organic Geochemistry》1990,16(4-6)

The thermodynamic stability of selected alkylated, dealkylated and rearranged 17α- and 17β-hopane isomers in the C₂₇, C₂₈, C₂₉, C₃₀ and C₃₁ families were calculated using molecular mechanics (MM2) methods and, where possible, calculated equilibrium ratios of certain isomers were compared with observed ratios of isomers in thermally mature crude oil samples. Those calculated and observed ratios having similar values include: (1) the relative distributions among 17β(H)/17α(H) and 21β(H)/21α(H)-hopanes including the absence of the 17β(H),21β(H)- and 17α(H),21α(H)-hopanes; (2) the 22R/22S ratios in 30-methyl-17α-hopane and 30-methyl-17β-moretane; (3) the relative distributions among 17α(H)/17β(H)- and 21α(H)/21β(H)-28,30-bisnorhopanes and among 25,28,30-trisnorhopanes, including the relatively greater stability of 17β(H) isomers in contrast to the regular hopane series; and (4) the ratios of 28(18−17S)abeo hopanes with respect to their unrearranged counterparts including the C₂₇ compounds, Ts/Tm.  相似文献   

松辽盆地姚家车站剖面嫩江组一段下部湖相有机质组成及其沉积环境特征     

童晓宁  胡建芳  祝孟博  席党鹏  宋建中  彭平安 《地球化学》2019,(2):149-160

姚家车站剖面位于松辽盆地东南部,是研究嫩江组一段烃源岩发育时湖泊沉积环境的一个典型露头剖面。通过测定和分析总有机碳(TOC)含量及其稳定碳同位素组成(δ¹³C_org)、特征分子标志物(Pr/Ph、伽玛蜡烷、C30甾烷、芳基类异戊二烯、脱羟基维生素E和GDGTs)的剖面变化,讨论了嫩江组一段下部湖泊有机质组成及沉积环境特征。根据剖面各参数的变化特征,可将其沉积划分为2个阶段。剖面TOC含量为0.06%～3.98%,具有阶段Ⅰ高,阶段Ⅱ低的特征,主要受初级生产力水平和保存条件的控制。δ¹³C_org值揭示出沉积有机质主要来源于湖泊内源。特征生物标志物的剖面变化表明:嫩江组一段沉积期湖泊水体分层,下部水体缺氧,且阶段Ⅰ和阶段Ⅱ的上部湖泊水体缺氧已上升至透光带;湖泊下层水体盐度相对较高,存在短期快速变化。24-正丙基胆甾烷和24-异丙基胆甾烷含量的剖面变化揭示出嫩江组一段时期松辽古湖盆发生了海侵,但海侵是间歇性的,而不是持续的。分析认为:松辽海侵的发生与高盐、缺氧、分层的水体环境及油页岩的形成密切相关。尝试利用TEX₈₆指标定量重建了嫩江组一段下部古湖泊水体温度,结果表明松辽盆地在白垩纪基本处在亚热带气候区。  相似文献   

Metal exposure and biological responses in resident and transplanted blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the Scheldt estuary     

V. Wepener  L. Bervoets  V. Mubiana  R. Blust 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):624

The Western Scheldt river and estuary is known to be highly polluted as it receives industrial, agricultural and domestic effluents from one of the most populated and industrialised zones in Europe. Aquatic organisms are exposed to pollutants, specifically metals that are present in different environmental phases, e.g. dissolved, suspended material or sediment phases. The objective of this study was to study the relationship that exists between environmental metal levels, the degree of metal uptake by aquatic organisms with the concomitant biological responses. For this purpose the bivalve mollusk, Mytilus edulis, was selected as bioaccumulation indicator organism. Environmental (water and sediment) and mussel samples were collected during the late winter (March 2000) from sampling sites in the Scheldt estuary. Sites were selected to represent a salinity gradient from the mouth of the estuary to the furthest distribution area of mussels upstream in the system. Together with standard water quality parameters (e.g. salinity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, etc.) concentrations of twelve metals were analysed in the water (dissolved and suspended matter) and sediments. Levels of these metals were also measured in the soft tissue of M. edulis, together with concomitant biomarker responses in resident mussel populations at each site. The biomarkers that were included in this study were condition index, scope for growth, survival in air, cell membrane stability, DNA damage, and metallothioneins. Data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. The physico-chemical parameters and metals in the environmental samples clustered the sites to reflect the distribution based on the salinity gradient. Bioaccumulation results revealed increased metal uptake along a pollution gradient with the highest metal bioaccumulation occurring at the upstream most sites and therefore closest to the in the industrial activities. However, the biomarker responses clustered the sites in a manner that reflected the influence of combination of internal exposure (bioaccumulation) and external exposure (physico-chemical conditions). These differences in biomarker responses clearly demonstrated were attributed to abiotic factors other than metal pollution alone e.g. localized short-term increases in increased suspended sediment concentrations and decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations.  相似文献   

Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum as a biomonitor to metal pollution     

吴惠丰  吉成龙  王清  刘小莉  赵建民  冯江华 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(1):65-74

The Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum is a good biomonitor/bioindicator to marine metal pollution and is frequently used in aquatic toxicology. Two dominant pedigrees (white and zebra) of clam are distributed in the Bohai Sea; however, little attention has been paid to potential biological differences between these two pedigrees. In this study, we tested the sensitivity of both pedigrees to marine metal (cadmium and zinc) pollution biomonitoring and marine environmental toxicology. Results demonstrate significant biological differences in gills of white and zebra clams based on metabolic profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, we found that hypotaurine, malonate and homarine were relatively high in white clam gills, while alanine, arginine, glutamate, succinate, 4-aminobutyrate, taurine and betaine were high in zebra clam gills. Zebra clam gills were also more sensitive to a mixture of Cd and Zn, as shown by antioxidant enzyme activities and metabolic profiles, but white clam gills could accumulate more Zn. Therefore, we suggest that the white pedigree can be used as a biomonitor to marine Zn pollution, whereas the zebra pedigree can be used for toxicology studies on Cd and Zn mixed pollution.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton community changes indicated by biomarker from sediment in Prydz Bay, Antarctica     

YU Peisong  ZHANG Haisheng  HU Chuanyu  LU Bing 《极地研究(英文版)》2012,23(4):225-230

Biomarkers including brassicasterol, dinosterol and alkenone in sediments are used as indicators to reconstruct changes to the phytoplankton community in surface and sub-aerial sediments of Prydz Bay, Antarctica. The results indicate that the bio- marker records in surface and core sediment samples changed with time and space. The total content of phytoplankton biomarkers ranges from 391.0--1 470.6 ng.g-l. The phytoplankton biomass has increased in Prydz Bay over the past 100 years. This variation may be mainly related with climate change in the region. The total biomarker contents in surface sediments from 5 stations in Prydz Bay are in the range of 215.8--1 294.3 ng.g4. The phytoplankton biomass in Prydz Bay is higher than that outside of the bay. This is similar to the distributions of chlorophyll a, organic carbon and biogenic silica in surface waters determined through in situ investigation. Such consistency indicates a coupling between the bottom of the ocean and biogeochemical processes in the upper water.  相似文献   

Biochemical response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus (Mytiloida: Mytilidae) exposed to in vivo sub-lethal copper concentrations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李一峰  顾忠旗  刘红  沈和定  杨金龙 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(5):738-745

Many aquatic organisms are negatively affected by exposure to high copper concentrations.We investigated the biochemical response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus(Mytiloida:Mytilidae) to copper exposure.In vivo bioassays using M.coruscus and different copper concentrations were conducted.The activity of six biomarkers,namely superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) were measured.Survival rates decreased with increased copper concentrations and exposure times.The LC50 values at 48,72,and 96 h exposure were 0.48,0.37,and 0.32 mg/L,respectively.Within digestive glands,CAT activity increased with increasing Cu concentrations.The activity of AKP showed no significant change,while the remaining four enzymes showed decreasing activity with increasing Cu concentrations.Within the gills,AKP activity increased when the Cu concentration was 0.05 mg/L,but showed no significant changes at higher concentrations.Activity of CAT and ACP within gills tended to decrease with increasing Cu concentration.The activity of SOD and GPT decreased at an exposure concentration of 0.2 mg/L.GOT activity within gills decreased at 0.1 mg/L and increased at an exposure concentration of 0.2 mg/L.Within the adductor muscle,AKP activity increased at 0.05 mg/L but did not change at higher exposure concentrations.ACP activity within adductor muscle tissue showed no change,while activities of CAT,GOT and GPT decreased with increasing Cu concentrations.SOD activity within the adductor muscle tissue significantly decreased at the 0.02,0.05 and 0.2 mg/L exposure concentrations.Our results show tissue specific differences for the six biomarkers in for M.coruscus.Our findings provide the basis for the establishment of reference activity levels against which biomarker changes can be estimated,and are essential preliminary steps in development of in vivo bioassays.  相似文献   

Biomarker evidence for paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Yellow Sea over the last 8200 years   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邢磊  赵美训  张海龙  赵晓晨  赵晓辉  杨作升  刘传联 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(1):1-11

Previous studies have indicated that the Yellow Sea underwent significant environmental changes during the Holocene, but many questions remain concerning the timing of the establishment of the modern circulation system, which would have major implications for the Yellow Sea ecosystem and carbon cycle. In this study, marine and terrestrial biomarkers were analyzed in Core YE-2 from a muddy area in the southern Yellow Sea to reconstruct Holocene environmental and phytoplankton community change. The content of three individual marine phytoplankton biomarkers (alkenones, brassicasterol and dinosterol) all display a similar trend, and their total contents during the early Holocene (362 ng/g) were lower than those during the mid-late Holocene (991 ng/g). On the other hand, the contents of terrestrial biomarkers (C27+C29+C31n-alkanes) during the early Holocene (1 661 ng/g) were about three times higher than those during the mid-late Holocene (499 ng/g). Our biomarker results suggest that the modern circulation system of the Yellow Sea was established by 5-6 ka, and resulted in higher marine productivity and lower terrestrial organic matter inputs. Biomarker ratios were used to estimate shifts in phytoplankton community structure in response to mid-Holocene (5-6 ka) environmental changes in the Yellow Sea, revealing a transition from a dinoflagellate-diatom dominant community structure during the early Holocene to a coccolithophore-dominant community structure during the mid-late Holocene.  相似文献