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141.
Jean Servant Robert Delmas Jacques Rancher Marcel Rodriguez 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1984,1(4):391-401
A partial balance of mineral N is given for the basins of two coastal rivers in a forest zone in the Ivory Coast. The dry and wet depositions on the basin surfaces is given for particulate matter (NO3
–, NH4
+). The quantity of mineral N washed away in the rivers is evaluated. The losses from leaching of the soils by rainwater are about 0.33 to 1.0% of the atmospheric depositions for NH4
+–N and 2.2 to 5.8% for NO3
––N. The yearly atmospheric input of N compounds to the ecosystem, about 1.4 g N m–2 y–1, is at least 14% of mineral N formed in the soils and is therefore quite significant. 相似文献
142.
Rock salt is approximately 1000 times more soluble than limestone and thus displays high rates of geomorphic evolution. Cave stream channel profiles and downcutting rates were studied in the Mount Sedom salt diapir, Dead Sea rift valley, Israel. Although the area is very arid (mean annual rainfall ≈ 50 mm), the diapir contains extensive karst systems of Holocene age. In the standard cave profile a vertical shaft at the upstream end diverts water from a surface channel in anhydrite or clastic cap rocks into the subsurface route in the salt. Mass balance calculations in a sample cave passage yielded downcutting rates of 0–2 mm s?1 during peak flood conditions, or about eight orders of magnitude higher than reported rates in any limestone cave streams. However, in the arid climate of Mount Sedom floods have a low recurrence interval with the consequence that long-term mean downcutting rates are lower: an average rate of 8·8 mm a?1 was measured for the period 1986–1991 in the same sample passage. Quite independently, long-term mean rates of 6·2mm a?1 are deduced from 14C ages of driftwood found in upper levels of 12 cave passages. These are at least three orders of magnitude higher than rates established for limestone caves. Salt cave passages develop in two main stages: (1) an early stage characterized by high downcutting rates into the rock salt bed, and steep passage gradients; (2) a mature stage characterized by lower downcutting rates, with establishment of a subhorizontal stream bed armoured with alluvial detritus. In this mature stage downcutting rates are controlled by the uplift rate of the Mount Sedom diapir and changes of the level of the Dead Sea. Passages may also aggrade. These fast-developing salt stream channels may serve as full-scale models for slower developing systems such as limestone canyons. 相似文献
143.
为研究宝顶山石窟区造象岩壁风化破坏及渗水危害的作用机理,选择不同类型风化产物进行定期采样监测。本文重点论述了外围岩石和造象岩壁风化产物的化学成分及矿物成分、风化产物可溶盐的化学特征及可溶盐类型,以及这些特征的多年变化规律,分析论证了可溶盐不同水化学成因类型的形成特征,为防风化防渗水危害治理措施提供可靠依据。 相似文献
144.
145.
Recent developments in long term landform evolution modelling have created a new demand for quantitative salt weathering data, and in particular data describing the size distribution of the weathered rock fragments. To enable future development of rock breakdown models for use in landscape evolution and soil production models, laboratory work was undertaken to extend existing schist/salt weathering fragmentation studies to include an examination of the breakdown of sub‐millimetre quartz chlorite schist particles in a seasonally wet tropical climate. Laser particle sizing was used to assess the impact of different experimental procedures on the resulting particle size distribution. The results reveal that salt weathering under a range of realistic simulated tropical wet season conditions produces a significant degree of schist particle breakdown. The fragmentation of the schist is characterized by splitting of the larger fragments into mid‐sized product with finer material produced, possibly from the breakdown of mid‐sized fragments when weathering is more advanced. Salinity, the salt addition method and temperature were all found to affect weathering rates. Subtle differences in mineralogy also produce variations in weathering patterns and rates. It is also shown that an increase in drying temperature leads to accelerated weathering rates, however, the geometry of the fracture process is not significantly affected. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
146.
147.
盐溶液法测定非饱和膨润土的水分特征曲线 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对于高放废物的最终处置,深地质处置被国内外公认为最合适的方法,而膨润土也被认为是高放废物处置库缓冲回填材料的良好基质。鉴于膨润土各项性质研究的重要性。本文介绍了利用盐溶液法进行非饱和膨润土水分特征曲线的测定工作,发现盐溶液法适合测定吸力极高的非饱和土,是一种值得推广的方法。 相似文献
148.
新疆盐湖卤水成分及其成因 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
根据野外考察和室内研究资料,论述了新疆盐湖的概况,卤水主要和次要成分,盐湖的水化学类型。探讨了盐湖卤水化学成分的来源和集散特点。 相似文献
149.
澧县曾家河芒硝岩盐矿床开发浅析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文在分析矿床内外部建设条件的基础上,根据芒硝岩盐原料市场行情,着重对矿床开发的经济社会效益进行了评价,初步评价表明:国家和企业均可获得较丰厚的利润,还可安置1400多人就业。建议进一步开展地质勘查工作。 相似文献
150.