北京良乡、赵各庄井水位、水温同震响应对比研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈大庆  万永芳  赵明利 《华南地震》2007,27(2):69-75

收集了2001年以来北京地区良乡、赵各庄井水位、水温的同震响应资料,从其同震响应特征中发现,虽然两观测井水位的响应灵敏度相差不大,但良乡井水温的灵敏度要好于赵各庄井。在对比两观测井水温日变化幅度以及气泡脱逸模型的基础上,结合两观测井含水层的水文地质特征,对于两观测井水温响应灵敏度的差异给出了较为合理的解释。  相似文献   

浙江缙云中生代火山岩丝光沸石矿物学特征及其成因浅析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张术根  丁俊  刘小胡  王海平  徐宏峰 《矿物学报》2006,26(2):159-164

运用X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱、差热-热重分析、扫描电镜形貌研究及微区化学成分分析等手段,研究了浙江省缙云县产于球泡流纹岩球泡腔体内和产于角砾凝灰岩、凝灰熔岩型沸石矿体内的丝光沸石的矿物学特征及其成因机制。研究表明,球泡腔体内的丝光沸石与矿体内丝光沸石的矿物学特征存在明显差别:前者仅与石英紧密共生,而后者则与斜发沸石、石英以及蒙脱石等紧密共生;前者12元环通道半径收缩,而后者则8元环通道半径收缩。同时,前者具有更高的K2O/CaO、SiO2/Al2O3以及K2O/Na2O比值,而后者则阳离子电价过剩程度更高。研究认为,球泡内丝光沸石是球泡捕获的火山热液结晶产物,而矿体内丝光沸石是火山岩成岩期间隙溶液活动产物。  相似文献   

振动沉管中的一种“反常现象”的处理及原因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王安德  高金川 《地质与勘探》2000,36(2):41-42

就振动沉管工程实践中处理过的一种“反常现象” ,从理论上作一探讨。意在抛砖引玉 ,希望能引起有关专家、地基设计人员及有关施工人员承接工程时参考。  相似文献   

Deep‐water Corallium rubrum (L., 1758) from the Mediterranean Sea: preliminary genetic characterisation     

Federica Costantini  Marco Taviani  Alessandro Remia  Eleonora Pintus  Patrick J. Schembri  Marco Abbiati 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(2):261-269

The precious red coral Corallium rubrum (L., 1758) lives in the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent Eastern Atlantic Ocean on subtidal hard substrates. Corallium rubrum is a long‐lived gorgonian coral that has been commercially harvested since ancient times for its red axial calcitic skeleton and which, at present, is thought to be in decline because of overexploitation. The depth distribution of C. rubrum is known to range from c. 15 to 300 m. Recently, live red coral colonies have been observed in the Strait of Sicily at depths of c. 600–800 m. This record sheds new light on the ecology, biology, biogeography and dispersal mechanism of this species and calls for an evaluation of the genetic divergence occurring among highly fragmented populations. A genetic characterization of the deep‐sea red coral colonies has been done to investigate biological processes affecting dispersal and population resilience, as well as to define the level of isolation/differentiation between shallow‐ and deep‐water populations of the Mediterranean Sea. Deep‐water C. rubrum colonies were collected at two sites (south of Malta and off Linosa Island) during the cruise MARCOS of the R/V Urania. Collected colonies were genotyped using a set of molecular markers differing in their level of polymorphism. Microsatellites have been confirmed to be useful markers for individual genotyping of C. rubrum colonies. ITS‐1 and mtMSH sequences of deep‐water red coral colonies were found to be different from those found in shallow water colonies, suggesting the possible occurrence of genetic isolation among shallow‐ and deep‐water populations. These findings suggest that genetic diversity of red coral over its actual range of depth distribution is shaped by complex interactions among geological, historical, biological and ecological processes.  相似文献   

Localisation and phase transition of acoustic waves in a soft medium containing air bubbles     

梁彬  邹欣晔  程建春 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(9)

We study via numerical experiments the localisation property of an acoustic wave in a viscoelastic soft medium containing randomly-distributed air bubbles. The behaviours of the oscillation phases of bubbles are particularly investigated in various cases for distinguishing efficiently the acoustic localisation from the effects of acoustic absorption caused by the viscosity of medium. The numerical results reveal the phenomenon of `phase transition' characterized by an unusual collective oscillation of bubbles, which is an effective criterion to unambiguously identify the acoustic localisation in the presence of viscosity. Within the localisation region, the phenomenon of phase transition persists, and a remarkable decrease in the fluctuation of the oscillation phases of bubbles is observed. The localisation phenomenon will be impaired by the enhancement of the viscosity factors, and the extent to which the acoustic wave is localised may be determined by appropriately analyzing the values of the oscillation phases or the amount of reduction of the phase fluctuation. The results are particularly significant for the practical experiments in an attempt to observe the acoustic localisation in such a medium, which is in general subjected to the interference of the great ambiguity resulting from the effect of acoustic absorption.  相似文献   

Relationship between heavy metal accumulation and genetic variability decrease in the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Decapoda; Grapsidae)     

Sara Fratini  Lorenzo Zane  Lapo Ragionieri  Marco Vannini  Stefano Cannicci   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):679-686

The “genetic erosion” hypothesis posits that heavy metal stress is related to a loss of genetic diversity at the population level. The genetic diversity of natural populations can, however, be affected by natural processes as well as by human impact. We studied the relationship between heavy metal bioaccumulation and genetic variability in the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus. Tissue samples were collected from 40 individuals inhabiting four polluted and four unpolluted sites along the Tuscan coast (Mediterranean basin), and were examined for four heavy metals (arsenic, As, cadmium, Cd, lead, Pb, and copper, Cu). We also assessed the genetic variability of 235 crabs from the same localities using six microsatellite loci.Our results show that the bioaccumulation levels of these individuals accurately reflect the levels of pollution in their immediate environment, and that heavy metals accumulate more in the hepatopancreas than in the gills. Moreover, populations from polluted sites have significantly less genetic variability, measured as mean standardized d², and a significantly lower percentage of unrelated individuals, than populations from unpolluted sites. This evidence supports the “genetic erosion” hypothesis for metal heavy exposure in natural environments.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variation of Palaemon adspersus, Palaemon elegans, and Crangon crangon (Decapoda: Caridea) in the southern Black Sea     

Sabri Bilgin  Ozcan Ozen  A. Suat Ates 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):671-678

In order to characterize the seasonal, bathymetric, and spatial distribution of the species, Palaemon adspersus, Palaemon elegans, and Crangon crangon, shrimps were sampled with a beam trawl in four stations at depths between 1 and 30 m from February 2002 to January 2004 on the Sinop Peninsula coasts of the southern Black Sea. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results demonstrated that the caridean composition was significantly different (p < 0.001) between seasons and between sampling areas. No significant relationship of the caridean composition was evident between depth zones ranging from 1 to 30 m. These three carideans occurred together in 28.5% of the sampling occasions. Different seasonal migration pattern was evident for all the three species. Palaemon adspersus migrated inshore during relatively higher water temperatures, whereas C. crangon density decreased in the shallow waters during the same period, and P. elegans population was mostly observed at depth zones of 5–10 m and was only observed in the 30 m depth zone in winter. The abiotic factors that characterize the coexistence of these three carideans were primarily determined by the habitat types and bottom structures.  相似文献   

气泡声学特性探潜方法研究     

聂邦胜  邱仁贵 《海洋技术学报》2007,26(4):51-53

文中提出了一种探测潜艇的新方法,通过分析由潜艇螺旋桨产生的气泡特有的声学特征来探测潜艇。潜艇螺旋桨产生的气泡在水中会滞留比较长的时间,分布也很广泛,这给利用尾流气泡探测潜艇提供了可行性。利用此方法探测安静型潜艇具有理论和技术上的可行性。  相似文献   

中国近海条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)群体遗传多样性线粒体DNA序列分析     

肖永双  程起群  任桂静  李军  马道远  徐世宏  刘清华  肖志忠  韩志强 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(2):427-432

采用线粒体(mtDNA)DNACOI和Cytb基因片段序列分析方法,进行了中国近海条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)舟山和胶南群体遗传多样性及其遗传结构现状研究。结果表明,基于mtDNACOI分子标记揭示条石鲷舟山群体遗传多样性水平(h=0.814±0.060,π=0.009±0.005,k=5.653±2.789)显著高于胶南群体(h=0.742±0.116,π=0.003±0.002,k=1.970±1.196);MST分析、NJ系统分析和核苷酸不配对分布分析结果皆显示两群体内存在三个显著分化的单倍型类群,支系间的遗传距离为0.018—0.025;遗传分化指数结果(Fst=0.331,P=0.000)和确切P检验结果显示(P=0.000)两群体间存在显著遗传分化。基于mtDNACytb分子标记显示条石鲷群体遗传多样性总体上呈现较低水平(h=0.874±0.023,π=0.006±0.003,k=2.761±1.492),舟山群体核苷酸多样度水平显著高于胶南群体;NJ系统发育和群体遗传分化研究结果显示,条石鲷群体间未检测到显著的遗传分化。  相似文献   

Integrating Undergraduate Fieldwork into the Study of Human Mobility     

Elin Charles-Edwards  Martin Bell  Jonathan Corcoran 《The Australian geographer》2014,45(4):505-519

Fieldwork has long been fundamental to human geography; however, increasingly unreceptive institutional environments have led to a decline in fieldwork in undergraduate human geography programs. We argue that mobility research presents an opportunity to reinvigorate the undergraduate field trip in human geography. We report on a second-year field course to Noosa, Australia, that blends new technologies with conventional survey techniques to capture data on a spectrum of human spatial behaviour. Over the course of a single weekend, students collect GPS traces of tourist mobility, survey businesses on the journey to work, collect residential migration histories and trace population dynamics on Noosa beach. Over the three years the course has been running, students have constructed a large repository of data on this Australian mobility hotspot, of which we report highlights. Results from standardised student course evaluations confirm the pedagogical value of these initiatives for human geography undergraduates.  相似文献