黄河下游河相关系与平滩流量特征关系的随机演化模拟     

宋晓龙  钟德钰  王光谦 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(5):843-864

Extreme weather is an important noise factor in affecting dynamic access to river morphology information.The response characteristics of river channel on climate disturbances draw us to develop a method to investigate the dynamic evolution of bankfull channel geometries(including the hydraulic geometry variables and bankfull discharges)with stochastic differential equations in this study.Three different forms of random inputs,including single Gaussian white noise and compound Gaussian/Fractional white noise plus Poisson noise,are explored respectively on the basis of the classical deterministic models.The model parameters are consistently estimated by applying a composite nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation(MLE)method.Results of the model application in the Lower Yellow River reveal the potential responses of bankfull channel geometries to climate disturbances in a probabilistic way,and,the calculated average trends mainly run to synchronize with the measured values.Comparisons among the three models confirm the advantage of Fractional jump-diffusion model,and through further discussion,stream power based on such a model is concluded as a better systematic measure of river dynamics.The proposed method helps to offer an effective tool for analyzing fluvial relationships and improves the ability of crisis management of river system under varying environment conditions.  相似文献   

盆地潜凸起岩溶热储地热田成因机理：以菏泽潜凸起为例     

康凤新  史启朋  马哲民  隋海波 《地质学报》2023,97(1):221-237

盆地潜凸起岩溶热储地热田是我国主要供暖用热储之一,具有分布面积广、水温高、水量大等特点,是北方清洁供暖的重要可再生热源。本文以菏泽潜凸起岩溶热储地热田为例,通过地质构造、岩溶发育特征、同位素和水文地球化学特征、地温场空间分布规律、地热水动力场的系统分析,揭示地热田岩溶地热水补给源、运移途径和富集机理：地热水来源于东北部梁山、东部嘉祥一带基岩山区大气降水入渗补给,主要循环富集于层间岩溶与断裂破碎带复合处。根据地温场空间分布特征揭示的热源及其传递和聚集特征,提出了四元聚热机制,一元是大地热流毯状传导聚热、二元是凸起区高热导率分流聚热、三元是导热断裂或岩体接触带带状对流聚热、四元是地下水运移传导-对流聚热。在热储富集和聚热成因机理研究基础上,构建了基于水源、热源及深部岩溶发育特征的地热田成因机理模型,揭示了地热能富集规律。  相似文献   

再论水进型三角洲——兼论四川盆地须家河组巨厚砂层成因     

罗启后 《沉积学报》2015,33(5):845-854

上世纪80年代初笔者根据现代长江三角洲考察中发现的"海进河床充填砂体",结合其他考察资料和古代砂体特征,建立了"水进型三角洲"模式。30余年来,越来越多的资料表明这个模式是正确的。目前普遍使用的"水下分流河道",经长江三角洲、云南洱海、内蒙岱海等现代沉积考察和大量卫星照片分析表明并不存在。而据旋回地层学、层序地层学等理论分析,水进型沉积是广泛发育的,水槽模拟实验也证实有水进期三角洲发育,因此笔者认为应以水进河床砂微相取代现今普遍误用的水下分流河道砂微相。四川盆地须家河组的须二、四段巨厚且大面积分布的砂岩是由三角洲平原各分支河道(分支河道砂)、前缘河口进积型(河口坝砂)和退积型沉积(水进河床砂)反复叠加,加上河道侧向迁移摆动与各个三角洲体相互拼接连片而成的。水进型三角洲多形成于湖、海水面上升期,地壳运动、气候变化、特殊地质事件、地形地貌以及沉积速率等都可能引起水面升降,当水面上升时常常形成水进型沉积。  相似文献   

安哥拉深水水道地质知识库建立及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张文彪  刘志强  陈志海  许华明  林煜  王静伟 《沉积学报》2015,33(1):142-152

利用浅层(上新统)三维高频地震资料的剖面、切片和属性信息,对安哥拉陆坡区深水水道特征和定量关系进行研究,在复合水道和单一水道两个层次上建立了安哥拉地区浊积水道定量化地质知识库.研究结果表明:研究区单一水道活动方式类似于曲流河点坝模式,即单一水道仅沿侧向(垂直于古流向)整体迁移,不存在整体“下游扫动”分量,且在平面上其侧积复合体呈“同心半环状”,单一水道的砂体以垂向加积方式充填在轴部,厚度向边部减薄;单一水道的宽度与深度、弯曲弧长与弯曲度之间存在较好的正相关性;复合水道样式按照内部单一水道的活动方式分为(Ⅰ)侧向迁移、(Ⅱ)斜列迁移和(Ⅲ)摆动迁移三类模式,且(Ⅰ)类主要发育在高弯曲段(弯曲度>1.3),Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类主要发育在低弯曲段(1<弯曲度≤1.3);该地质知识库成功应用到实际三维地质建模中,具有推广价值.本文研究不仅可以完善深水水道定量分布模式,而且可以有效降低此类油田开发风险,具有理论和实际意义.  相似文献   

强岩溶地区主过水通道注浆封堵技术探讨          下载免费PDF全文

王伏春  乐应  白江红  江照 《探矿工程》2015,42(1):76-79

矿山帷幕注浆技术由于其具有安全、环保、经济、高效等特性,已在国内多个矿山堵水中成功采用,取得了很好的堵水效果。而在强岩溶地区,动水注浆技术,尤其是矿区主过水通道封堵质量将直接影响帷幕的堵水效果,甚至决定着工程的成败。以广东凡口铅锌矿帷幕注浆工程为背景,探讨强岩溶地区主过水通道封堵技术。  相似文献   

三峡蓄水后洞庭湖水沙环境变化对湖区航道的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张明  冯小香  刘哲  李维娟 《水科学进展》2015,26(3):423-431

江湖关系变化是影响洞庭湖水文泥沙环境的重要因素,关系到湖区航运的安全。以实测水文及地形数据为基础,研究了洞庭湖区水沙环境的变化特征,并分析了其对湖区航道的影响。结果表明:① 三峡蓄水后,枯季湖区月均流量趋于减少,湖区淤积减缓甚至出现冲刷,枯水期湖口低水位有所上升,湖面比降趋于降低;② 受来沙减少影响,湖区航道有所冲刷,湖口低水位上升使得湖区通航保证率水位有一定幅度上升,航道水深增加,三峡蓄水初期江湖关系变化对湖区航道的影响总体为积极因素,对湖区湘江航道的影响要大于开湖航道。  相似文献   

河北阳原侯家窑遗址区古河流与古人类生存环境研究     

张聪聪  李蕾  王健  许清海  黄华芳 《第四纪研究》2015,35(3)

侯家窑遗址是旧石器中期重要的考古文化遗址,然而对侯家窑古人类的生存年代及生存环境至今尚存争议.本文通过野外地质观测、地磁测量和电阻率测深等工作以及动植物研究资料分析,对遗址区地质地貌环境,尤其是与古人类生存密切相关的古河流发育情况进行了系统研究.结果表明:1)在侯家窑遗址区发育一条NNW-SSE向的古河流,它形成于224ka B.P.前的泥河湾古湖泊大规模萎缩阶段,直至被晚更新世冲洪积物掩埋后才结束发育历史.2)侯家窑遗址古人类文化遗存埋藏于古河流截弯取直遗留的牛轭湖沉积层及不整合覆于其上的壤化粘土层中,时限为距今约224～ 161ka,即侯家窑古人类在此地生活达6万年之久.3)牛轭湖区不仅适宜多种植物生长,而且水流缓滞、清澈,是各类动物优先选择食物和饮水的地方.古人类在这里使用石球围猎,较之在其他地带成功率高.4)侯家窑古人类生存时期,气候寒冷,但这里的地形呈面向东南的宽阔圈椅状,光照条件良好,气候温和,其间又有河流穿过,生态环境相对优越,动植物资源较为丰富;而且遗址附近优质石器原料遍布,许多石料在河谷中即可寻到,方便石器制作.因此,对于旧石器时代以狩猎和采集为主要生活方式的古人类来讲,在寒冷的区域气候背景下,选择生存环境较好的侯家窑遗址区倚河而居势成必然.  相似文献   

大理岩溶地区某引水隧洞涌突水预测研究     

汪亚莉  许模  韩晓磊  宋海波  朱海明 《地下水》2015,(3)

在岩溶发育的地区存在一种非典型的岩溶形式—裸露-埋藏型岩溶,由于其特殊的存在形式,裸露-埋藏型岩溶存在的特殊水力联系使得隧道在穿越该种地区时,会发生不可预测的涌突水灾害。以大理某引水隧洞为例,通过分析常用预测涌突水量计算方法的适用性,得出地下水动力学法对隧道在穿越裸露-埋藏型岩溶时的涌突水量预测较其他方法更加适用,为隧道设计和施工提供依据。  相似文献   

Initiation and evolution of fault-controlled slope-parallel submarine channels: Miocene eastern slope of Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea     

Zhen Wang  Benzhong Xian  Jingyan Liu  Majid Khan  Caiwei Fan  Hui Li  Junhui Wang  Ximeng Zhang  Jianping Liu  Peng Chen  Qianran Wu  Wenmiao Zhang 《Basin Research》2023,35(2):592-619

Submarine channels act as the main conduits for the transport of sediment to deep-water basins by sediment gravity flows. The interplay between fault-related deformation and the initiation and development of the channels is poorly known. Here, we present the identification, formation and evolution of the Miocene slope-parallel channel by employing 3D seismic reflection, wireline-log and core data in the eastern slope of Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. Based on the lengths and plan-view shapes, a total of three different types of fault-associated slope-parallel depressions have been identified. The depressions were formed in the fault zone and controlled by the reactivation of the underlying older faults. Among them, Type-1 depressions are short (<20 km) oval or circle shaped possessing only one depocenter. Type-2 depressions are elongated (25–70 km), and usually have multiple depocenters. Type-3 depressions, which are usually connected by slope-perpendicular channels in the head and middle, are longer (more than 190 km) and connect shallow and deep-water basins. The analysis of morphology, erosivity and material transport shows that Type-3 depressions are fully fledged channels. Type-1 and Type-2 depressions are channel precursors representing the initial stage of channel evolution. With this motive, a model for the initiation and evolution of slope-parallel submarine channels controlled by strike-slip-extensional faults is presented. Unlike the previous investigations which suggest that erosion takes place at the inception of submarine channel formation, the fault-controlled slope-parallel channel is mainly controlled by faulting and has no initial erosive base and does not develop levees. The depressions are extended and elongated by the continuous fault activity. It was not until the slope-parallel depression connected with large-scale slope-perpendicular channels transporting materials into the depression via erosive turbidity currents that it evolved into a channel-levee system. This study is of global importance for understanding submarine channel generation and evolution since the fault-controlled slope-parallel channels have been found in tectonic active basins worldwide.  相似文献   

小清河河口航道治理方案研究     

马杰 《海岸工程》2014,(2):45-51

小清河河口航道治理是当地港口发展的必要条件。通过分析小清河河口治理的理论与实践研究成果,研究了小清河河口航道治理的措施和主要方案。研究表明,小清河河口航道治理必须采用整治与疏浚相结合的办法;整治防沙堤宜采用双导堤;航道轴线采用北槽与南槽方案技术差别不大,应结合环保、海域使用等非航运条件综合确定轴线方案。  相似文献