Nature of sedimentary deposits in the western Makgadikgadi basin, Botswana     

Susan Ringrose  Bill Downey  Dane Genecke  Francis Sefe  Bernard Vink 《Journal of Arid Environments》1999,43(4):375

Quaternary sedimentation in the western Makgadikgadi basin of north central Botswana is evaluated on the basis of new evidence from satellite imagery and sedimentological analyses. Thematic Mapper imagery interpretation, combined with field evidence, has led to the identification of geomorphological features which are mainly composed of light grey calcareous sandstones (formerly calcretes) overlain by dark grey sands. The literature suggests that palaeolake Makgadikgadi I formed and developed intermittently after initial downwarping in the early–mid Pleistocene. The calcareous sandstones were formed when calcium carbonate precipitation took place in pre-existing Kalahari sands along the western shoreline of Makgadikgadi I. Field evidence, supported by X-ray diffraction and SEM analyses, indicates that CaCO₃precipitated mainly in marshy conditions around plant roots and stems and in association with bacteria in embayments along the lakeshore. The sandstones thickened and became partially indurated as a result of increasing palaeolake levels. Deposition was terminated by renewed tectonism which uplifted the shoreline zone relative to the lake basin, leading to falling palaeolake levels. Post-uplift reworking led to case hardening and pedogenic calcrete formation in the upper sections of the calcareous sandstones. Sedimentary conditions altered during the late Pleistocene. Extensive distributaries from the proto-Okavango system incised the shoreline ridge contributing to the filling of Makgadikgadi II. Satellite data suggest that the proto-Okavango rivers formed a series of fan deltas at this time along the western Makgadikgadi basin. Widespread dispersal of fluvial grey sands took place as a result of basin tilting which led to anastomosing channels flowing southward possibly around 18,000 B.P. These results, although preliminary in nature, augment previous geomorphological analyses by adding some detail in terms of depositional environments and by providing a tentative age and origin for the ubiquitous grey sands.  相似文献   

Variations in late Quaternary upper ocean structure of Okinawa Trough: A nannofossil approach     

Cheng Xinrong  Wang Pinxian 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(3):290-296

The relative abundance ofFlorisphueru profunda, a calcareous nannofossil species in lower euphotic zone, affords an opportunity to study variations in upper ocean structure such as thickness of mixed layer. As revealed by the nannofossil analysis in sediments since 20 ka B. P. from three Okinawa Trough cores, the percentage ofF. profunda increased significantly from glacial to Holocene, with a declining event ca 4 ka B. P. in its southern part. Its downcore trend is similar to that ofPulleniatina obliquiloculuta, a tropical planktonic foraminifera1 species which lives in subsurface water below thermocline in the modern ocean. Their similar variations imply an eastward shift of the Kuroshio Current, a reduction in thickness of the mixed layer, a shallowing of thermocline and a possible increase of turbidity in the upper ocean during the glaciation. The eastward shift of the Kuroshio might be repeated again about 4 ka B.P. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 49776289 and 49406067)  相似文献   

冲绳海槽中部MIS 6期以来Florisphaera profunda百分含量变化及其控制因素     

赵京涛  周连成  李军  曹奇原  李铁刚 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2009,(1)

对取自冲绳海槽中部的Z14-6岩心进行了钙质超微化石的鉴定统计和有孔虫的氧碳稳定同位素分析,在利用浮游有孔虫氧同位素曲线对比进行地层划分的基础上,通过与邻近区域3个岩心数据进行对比,分析了150kaBP以来该海区钙质超微化石下透光带属种Florisphaera profunda百分含量变化特征及其受控机制。研究结果表明,MIS 6期以来F.profunda百分含量变化具有明显的冰期-间冰期旋回特征,末次冰期旋回中,冰期时F.profunda百分含量低于间冰期,倒数第二次冰期旋回中正好相反。F.profunda百分含量变化的主控因子是黑潮流的强弱变化,倒数第二次冰期旋回中F.profunda百分含量从MIS 5e期末开始降低,由此推测黑潮从MIS 5e期末开始减弱或向洋外偏移,沿岸水入侵冲绳海槽。  相似文献   

海洋桩基工程中的钙质土   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

吴京平  楼志刚 《海洋工程》1996,(3)

本文在简述钙质土成因和组成的基础上，介绍分析了这种土的物理力学性质，尤其是其受力后变化的特性；说明了钙质土与桩的相互作用特性；对钙质土中导管架平台桩基设计的土工调查及其有关设计参数的选用作了论述  相似文献   

南黄海表层沉积物中钙质超微化石的分布     

芮晓庆  刘传联  梁丹  赵美训 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2011,(5):89-93

对南黄海地区47个表层沉积物样品进行了钙质超微化石分析.结果表明,该区超微化石组合主要以Emiliania huxleyi和Gephyrocapsa oceanica占优势.钙质超微化石总丰度分布不一,主要受水深和黄海暖流的控制.E.huxleyi和G.oceanica两个优势种的平面分布规律也各不相同,E.huxle...  相似文献   

High-resolution upper Pliocene to Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy in Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1146A in the South China Sea     

Sara Emanuel  Tokiyuki Sato  Shun Chiyonobu  J. Bruce H. Shyu  Davide Bassi  Yasufumi Iryu 《Island Arc》2021,30(1):e12411

We established a high-resolution calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy for the late Pliocene–Pleistocene by analyzing a 242 m-thick, continuous sedimentary succession from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1146, Hole A, in the South China Sea (SCS). A total of 14 calcareous nannofossil datums were detected in the SCS succession. They are, in descending order: first occurrence (FO) of Emiliania huxleyi, last occurrence (LO) of Pseudoemiliania lacunosa, LO of Reticulofenestra asanoi, FO of Gephyrocapsa parallela, FO of R. asanoi, LO of large Gephyrocapsa spp., FO of large G. spp., FO of Gephyrocapsa oceanica, FO of Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica, LO of Calcidiscus macintyrei, LO of Discoaster brouweri, LO of Discoaster pentaradiatus, LO of Discoaster surculus, and LO of Discoaster tamalis. The FO of E. huxleyi was not precisely detected due to poor preservation and dissolution of nannofossils in the underlying strata. We refined the previous calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy in the SCS by identifying Gephyrocapsa species and four evolutionary extinction events of the genus Discoaster. The proposed calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy correlates with those reported in other terrestrial and marine areas/sites and global benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O records. The age–depth curves based on nannofossil biostratigraphy indicate a significant increase in the sedimentation rates at the LO of R. asanoi (0.91–0.85 Ma). The timing of this increase corresponds to reef expansion in the Ryukyu Islands linked to a stepwise increase in Kuroshio Current intensity. This timing is broadly coeval with a sea surface temperature increase of ∼2 °C in the northwestern Pacific due to expansion of the Western Pacific Warm Pool towards the north and south subtropical regions. This can be explained by increased weathering and erosion of terrestrial areas in glacial periods and increased rainfall causing higher sediment transport in interglacial periods, which were both linked to Middle Pleistocene Transition-related climatic changes.  相似文献   

Calcareous Nannofossils and Molecular Fossils in Cobalt-rich Crusts and their Response to the P/E Global Event   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Haisheng  ZHAO Jun  HAN Zhengbing  LU Bing  WU Guanghai  PULYAEVA  I. A. 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(5):1264-1274

A biostratigraphic study on calcareous nannofossils from the CM3D06 Co-rich ferromanganese crust from the Magellan seamounts in the northwestern Pacific enabled estimation of depositional age.The bio-imprinting of calcareous nannofossils and other fossil species suggests six age ranges for the nannofossils: late Cretaceous,late Paleocene,(early,middle,late) Eocene,middle Miocene,late Pliocene,and Pleistocene.Gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were used to test the Co-rich crusts,and a variety of molecular fossils were detected,such as chloroform bituminous "A",n-alkane,isoprenoid and sterol.Peak carbon and molecular indices(such as ΣC23 /ΣC24 +,CPI,Pr/Ph,Pr/nC17,Ph/nC18 and δ13C) indicate that the parent organic matter is dominated by marine phytoplankton and thallogen whereas there is little input of terrestrial organic matter.Researches on calcareous nannofossils,molecular fossils and molecular organic geochemistry data reveal that the Paleocene/Eocene(P/E) global event is recorded in the cobaltrich crusts from the northwestern Pacific Ocean.A succession of biomes can be observed near the 85 mm boundary(about 55 Ma),i.e.,the disappearance of the late Cretaceous Watznaueria barnesae and Zigodicus spiralis,and Broisonia parka microbiotas above the P/E boundary,and the bloom of Coccolithus formosus,Discoaster multiradiatus,Discoaster mohleri and Discoaster sp.below the boundary.Typical parameters of molecular fossils,such as saturated hydrocarbon components and carbon-number maxima,Pr/Ph,Pr/C17,Ph/C18,distribution types of sterols,Ts/Tm ratios and bacterial hopane,also exhibit dramatic changes near the P/E boundary.These integrated results illustrate that the biome succession of calcareous nannofossils,relative content of molecular fossils and molecular indices in the cobalt-rich crusts near the 85 mm boundary faithfully record the P/E global event.  相似文献   

南海北部冷泉碳酸盐岩中钙质生物壳体和自生碳酸盐矿物的Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca及其环境指示     

杨克红  初凤友  朱继浩  马维林  董彦辉 《海洋学报》2014,36(8):39-48

南海北部冷泉碳酸盐岩具有包裹结构和孔洞结构,并且含有丰富的生物遗迹。利用电子探针对位于不同结构单元(包裹结构和基质)的自生碳酸盐矿物和钙质生物壳体进行了Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca分析,结果显示:自生碳酸盐矿物Mg/Ca变化范围为0.50~39.19mmol/mol,平均为12.50mmol/mol,Sr/Ca变化范围为0.06~2.90mmol/mol,平均为0.53mmol/mol;钙质生物壳体Mg/Ca变化范围为1.14~84.57mmol/mol,平均为24.57mmol/mol,Sr/Ca变化范围为0.77~1.84mmol/mol,平均为1.08mmol/mol。Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca的关系显示自生碳酸盐矿物均具有低到中等的Mg/Ca、低Sr/Ca的特征,没有明显分组现象;但是钙质生物壳体却根据其在岩石中的结构位置呈现明显的分组现象,基质钙质生物壳体具有高Mg/Ca、中等Sr/Ca的特征,包裹的钙质生物壳体具有低Mg/Ca、中等Sr/Ca的特征。根据碳酸盐矿物和钙质生物壳体的Mg/Ca特征,认为基质钙质生物壳体是在甲烷渗漏环境下钙化的,无机碳酸盐矿物的出现影响了其Mg/Ca;而包裹的钙质生物壳体是在非甲烷渗漏环境下钙化的,由于生物扰动、灌洗等作用以包裹团块的形式保存在碳酸盐岩中。依据Sr/Ca在成岩过程中的变化特点推测最初形成的基质钙质生物壳体可能具有较现在高的Sr/Ca。研究结果在甲烷渗漏信息地球化学指标提取方面具有一定意义。  相似文献   

Climatic variations in MIS 11 recorded by stable isotopes and trace elements in a French tufa (La Celle,Seine Valley)     

Julie Dabkowski  Nicole Limondin‐Lozouet  Pierre Antoine  Julian Andrews  Alina Marca‐Bell  Vincent Robert 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(8):790-799

Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 palaeoclimate has so far been documented in marine and ice sheet isotopic records. However, excepting some lacustrine pollen records, very little is known about palaeoclimatic conditions in continental areas. This study uses geochemical records in calcareous tufa deposits from rivers as a basis for reconstructing temperate palaeoclimatic conditions. Tufa deposits are now proven to record high‐quality palaeoclimatic information in recent to Holocene deposits. Work on older interglacial tufas is just starting and in this paper we present the first comprehensive results from a MIS 11 tufa. The tufa comes from the Seine Valley (La Celle, northern France). Geochemical data in the tufa calcite are interpreted to record primarily air temperature (δ¹⁸O) and humidity (δ¹³C and Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca). The combined data identify a warm and wet climatic optimum followed by two temperature decreases associated with oscillations in humidity. These marked climatic variations recorded through the La Celle profile are strongly coherent with the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions from malacological data. The abrupt climatic and environmental events recorded could be related to short‐term degradation of vegetation cover in Europe, which is itself controlled by global palaeoclimatic events. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯西部地区中—晚奥陶世克里摩里期—乌拉力克期岩相古地理          下载免费PDF全文

马占荣  白海峰  刘宝宪  王红伟  陈调胜 《古地理学报》2013,15(6):751-764

中奥陶世克里摩里期,鄂尔多斯西部地区为镶边陆架的碳酸盐岩台地,自东向西依次发育开阔台地、台地边缘浅滩、台缘斜坡—斜坡脚、广海陆棚和深水海槽相带,从浅水区经由碎屑流搬运来的块状钙质角砾岩在台缘斜坡—斜坡脚相带集中堆积,形成厚度不等的透镜体夹于正常深水灰泥石灰岩和泥岩中。乌拉力克期发生较大规模构造运动,盆地东部整体抬升,西部边缘发生裂陷,沉积范围以同生正断层为界,随着海平面的上升沉积环境演变为相对闭塞的深水斜坡—盆地,沉积一套富含笔石的泥页岩地层,并不时有陆源克里摩里组垮塌的石灰岩沉积物被带入盆地,形成数量不等的多套角砾岩夹层。  相似文献